《方法与语言》PPT课件.ppt

英汉翻译基础王富15913172989deanwang123,教学计划,第一讲翻译方法与策略第二讲词语翻译第三讲词类转换第四讲其它转换（语序语式肯否正反）第五讲增减法第六讲长句复杂句翻译第七讲从句翻译第八讲八级翻译专题,第九讲文学翻译第十讲论说文翻译第十一讲新闻翻译第十二讲科技翻译第十三讲应用文（广告）翻译第十四讲商务翻译第十五讲法律翻译第十六讲旅游翻译第十七讲考研翻译专题第十八讲复习课,TranslationMethodsandStrategiesLanguage,Culture,Power,LinguisticturnCulturalturnPowerturn,Translatingmethodsareundoubtedlythecoreproblemsweareconfrontedwithintranslation.Language:word-for-word(literal)translationvssense-for-sense(liberal)translationCulture:adaptedvsalienatedtranslationPower:domesticatingvsforeignizingtranslation,Language,transliteration,literaltranslation（word-for-word）,liberal（free,sense-for-sense）translation,thesynthesisoftheabove,Transliteration,Translatethesoundinsteadofthemeaning;usedintranslatingpropernames受排斥的状态意译：他们拒绝和他交往。,OliveralwaysrobsPetertopayPaul.直：奥利弗总是抢彼得的钱来支付给保罗。意：奥利弗总是借钱还债。Itisthelaststrawthatbreaksthecamelsback.直：最后的一根稻草压断了骆驼的背。意：实在是让人受不了啦！Janecouldfacethemusicintheearthquake.直：在那次地震中，简能够面对音乐。(误)意：在那次地震中，简能够临危不惧。,Liberaltranslationhelpstopreservetheoriginalflavor,i.e.theexotic(ethnical,national)flavororforeignflavor.Furthermore,itassiststocontinuouslyintroducesomenewwords,vividexpressionandfreshsyntaxtoenrich,perfectandrefinetheTL.translateliterally,ifpossible.,Aliteraltranslationstressesfidelitytothelinguisticformwhilealiberaltranslationfocusesonthemeaningbutchangestheformofthesourcelanguage.,Liberaltranslationistopreservethecontentandthemainlanguagefunctions,havingtogiveuptheliteralmeaningofthesourcelanguage.,Liberaltranslationmustbebasedonthefaithfulreproductionoftheoriginalmeaning,intentionandbeauty(artisticeffect),payingcloseattentiontothedetails.,Hewasseizedwiththedespairingsenseofhelplessness.他被束手无策的绝望感抓住了。他忽然产生了束手无策的绝望感。,1)Dontlockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen.直:不要等马被盗后,才去锁厩门.意:不要贼走关门.2)Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,noritisawaytomakesocialproblemevaporate.直:砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散.意:砸镜子并不能解决实际问题.,Fromexample1),freetranslationisbetterthanliteraltranslation.Fromexample2),literaltranslationisbetterthanfreetranslation.,3)FormyfatherknowsandIknowthatifyouonlydigenoughapasturecanbemadefree.Literal:因为我父亲知道,我也知道,只要挖到一定程度,早晚可以在这里辟出个牧场的.Liberal:因为我父亲知道,我也知道,功到自然成.,4)ForKinoandJuanathiswasthemeaningofmorningoftheirlives,comparableonlytothedaywhenthebabyhadbeenborn.Literal:在Kino和Juana看来,这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨,只有宝宝出生的那一天,才可以与之媲美.Liberal:Kino和Juana以为,这一天非常重要.,Liberaltranslationofexamples3)and4),onlyexpressthegeneralideaoftheoriginalsentences.Itistoosimple.Metaphordissappeared.Itisinferioranddull.Soitisundesirable.Buttheliteraltranslationofexample3)and4)isclearerthanthefreetranslation.,11)IgavemyyouthtotheseaandIcamehomeandgaveher(mywife)myoldage.Literal:我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子.Liberal:我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了.,12)MaybeKinohascutoffhisownheadanddestroyedhimself.Literal:也许Kino会割掉自己的脑袋，把自己毁了.Liberal:也许Kino走了绝路，自己毁了自己.,Fromtheexample12),theoriginalcutoffhisheadmeanshavingdonesomethingbadly,fallingintopredicament.Ifatranslatortranslatedtheoriginalliterally,histranslatingwouldmaketargetlanguagereadersconfused,afterreading,targetlanguagereaderswouldfeelunacceptable.SotranslatorsshoulduseLiberaltranslationintheexample11)and12).,13)Castpearlsbeforeswine.Literal:把珍珠扔到猪面前.Liberal:对牛弹琴.14)Barbarawasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Literal:Barbara嘴里叼着银调羹出生的.Liberal:Barbara出生最富贵人家.,Example13)and14)aremetaphor,havingdeepmoral.Iftranslatedliterally,translationsarefluentandnatural,butitcannotexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoriginal,soitisunadvisable.,Thecommuniqustirredabelatedreaction.公报引起了过晚的反应。公报发表后迟迟才有反应。ThethoughtthatThomasmighthavefailedwasintolerable,agonizing.托马斯可能已经失败的想法是令人不可忍受的，痛苦的。他一想到托马斯可能已经失败，就感到难以忍受的痛心。,Dontcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.到了桥边才过桥不要担心太早不必自寻烦恼Doyouseeanygreeninmyeye?你从我眼里看见绿色了吗？你以为我是好欺骗的吗？,Ifyoueverthinkheislazy,thinkagain.如果你认为他懒的话,再想一想吧.从表面上看十分忠实原文,但由于忽略了特定环境下英语习惯表达的特点,实际上完全没有将原文的真正意思译出来.如果你认为他懒的话,那你就错了.,IwantamanwhowillthrowhishatovertheChindwin(river)andthenleadhistroopsafterit.throwhishatover:inbullfight,thefighterthrowshiscapasideinthearenatoshowhisdetermination我需要的是这样一个人，他决心在钦敦江破釜沉舟，然后率领部队前进。,Everyfamilyissaidtohaveatleastoneskeletoninthecupboard.(asecretofwhichafamilyorpersonisashamed).据说家家户户至少有一桩家丑。俗话说，衣柜里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事家家有。,Youcantmakeanomelette(煎蛋)withoutbreakingeggs.不打破鸡蛋，就做不成蛋卷。有所失才有所得。Sparetherodandspoilthechild.小孩不打不成器。省了棍棒惯了娃。,WatchoutforHarlow,hesfullofmickeymouseideas.要小心哈洛，他满脑子都是米老鼠的想法。要提防着点哈洛，他满脑子歪门邪道。（下流、不高明的看法）HerfatherwasveryfondofHughie,butwouldnothearofanyengagement.她的父亲很喜欢休希，但不愿意听到任何订婚的事。她的父亲很喜欢休希，但一提到订婚的事他就不干。,Agoodteachershouldhavehisheadinthecloudssometimes,buthisfeetalwaysontheground.一个好老师的头有时要放在云层中，但他的脚应该永远站在地上。好老师有时应该富于幻想，但时时刻刻必须从实际出发。,Donttakethelow-fatlabelasalicensetoeat.不能因为食品标明低脂肪，而敞开食用。别把标有“低脂肪”的标签看成是可“敞开食用”的许可证。,原句精彩诙谐，主要体现在label和license两个词的使用。这两个词，一大一小，一轻一重，前呼后应，幽默风趣，更兼有头韵之美。第一种译法，原句文采顿失！首先，祈使语气不见了，且口吻也与原句大相径庭，使人联想到一副板着面孔的形象。这是因为第一种译法只注重了翻译的内容，忽略了翻译的形式，将label和license这两个全句的中心，最具有神韵的词统统丢弃，使得原句中诙谐幽默的口吻荡然无存！当然，第二种译法也有遗憾，比如，原句中的精彩头韵low/label/license实在无法译出。,Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay,“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.”(2005考研题)此句中的stand和fall分别直译为“站立”和“跌倒”,在翻译时我们可以以此为依据,稍加调整即可形成如下译文:在应对如此大规模挑战时,可以毫不夸张地说:“联合,我们就能挺住;分裂,我们就会倒下”。,也可以跳出“站立”和“跌倒”的圈子,将stand理解为“生存”,将fall理解为“灭亡”。意译A:在应对如此规模的挑战时,可以毫不夸张地说:“联合,我们就生存;分裂,我们就灭亡”。意译B:面对一场如此严峻的挑战,我们可以毫不夸张地说:“合则生;分则亡”。,Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.(2005考研题)“Europeanidentity”、fabric和theOldContinent都不宜照字面直译为“欧洲的身份”、“织物”和“旧大陆”,需相应的调整。不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体,要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事,需要人们做出战略性的选择。,Bothmethodsarealwaysusedsimultaneously,andquicklyshiftingfromonetoanotheraccordingtothenatureofthetextbeingtranslated.Itisbeyondimaginationthatonlyonemethodisusedthroughoutthecourseoftranslating.Theyarenotcontradictoryandevencompatiblewitheachother.,Atooliteraltranslationwillhaveapoorreadability,whileatooliberaltranslationwillbearandomonewhichmaybefarfromtheoriginalbothincontentandinform.,Literaltranslationandliberaltranslationcanbeunderstoodastwoartisticmethods.AsLuXunputit,“Intheprocessoftranslation,twosidesmustbetakenintoconsideration,goodreadabilityandtheoriginalflavour.”“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然为求其解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。”,Oh,Captain!MyCaptain!-WaltWhitman哦，船长，我的船长！瓦尔特惠特曼江枫译Captain!MyCaptain!Ourfearfultripisdone,船长,我的船长!我们险恶的航程已经告终,Theshiphasweatherdeveryrack,theprizewesoughtiswon,我们的船安渡过惊涛骇浪,我们寻求的奖赏已赢得手中。,Theportisnear,thebellsIhear,thepeopleallexulting,港口已经不远，钟声我已听见，万千人众在欢呼呐喊，Whilefolloweyesthesteadykeel,thevesselgrimanddaring;目迎着我们的船从容返航，我们的船威严而且勇敢。,ButOheart!heart!heart!可是，哦心啊！心啊！心啊！Othebleedingdropsofred!哦殷红的血滴流泻，WhereonthedeckmyCaptainlies,在甲板上，那里躺着我的船长，Fallencoldanddead.他已倒下，已死去，已冷却。,InaStationoftheMetroEzraPound地铁车站埃兹拉庞德Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;人群中这些面容的忽现；Petalsonawet,blackbough.潮湿的，黑色树枝上的花瓣。人群面孔出现黑湿树枝花瓣,1.Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.2.Hewasadeadshot.However,hemethisWaterloothistime.3.Afterthefailureofhislastnovel,hisreputationstandsonslipperyground.4.Hecarriedhisageastonishinglywell.5.Shedneveragainbelieveanythingintrousers.,练习,6.YetChinawasalandofconstantsurpriseandshiftingimpression.7.Hewalkedattheheadofthefuneralprocession,andeverynowandthenwipedhiscrocodiletearswithabighandkerchief.8.Mrs.Sawyerlookedradiant,too,andforthefirsttimegobbledupherdinnerlikealittlepig.,9.Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.10.Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.,11.Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness;itwasthespringofHope,itwasthewinterofDespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingtoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.,12.Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,pataback,lightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,boostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.,