《形容词和副词lu》PPT课件.ppt

形容词、副词,一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级,1.形容词的规则变化,tallerharderlargerwider,tallesthardestlargestwidest,biggerhotterfatterwetter,biggesthottestfattestWettest,happierdrierearlier,happiestdriestearliest,narrowercleverer,narrowestcleverest,moredifficultmorepopularMoreslowly,mostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly,oftenestmostoften,oftenermoreoften,often,often可以采用两种方式,mostslowly/clearly/seldomearliest,moreslowly/clearly/seldomearlier,slowlyclearlyseldom但：early,以-ly后缀结尾的副词及表示频度的时间副词加more和most,fastesthardestsoonest,fasterhardersooner,fasthardsoon,单音节词加-er或st,最高级,比较级,原级,词尾变化,2.副词的规则变化,3、形容词、副词的不规则变化,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older,least,er/est,oldest,二、形容词和副词的用法,1.某些形容词只作表语:,(1)以a-开头的形容词：alone,asleep,awake,alive,alike,afraid,ashamed,aware,Heisfastasleepinhisbedroom.Wearefullyawareofthedifficulty.Ifeltashamedofmyterriblemistake.,A.有些这类形容词，在有一状语修饰时，也可能用作定语。thefastasleepchildrenthewideawakepatientasomewhatafraidsoldier,B.表语形容词有其特定的修饰语,下面是一些常见的特殊形容词及其修饰语,要作特殊记忆：,wellworthdoingquitepossiblequiteimpossiblesound/fastasleepwideawakeall/verymuchalonedeaddrunken(very)muchalikehappilyalive,很值得做十分可能不可能熟睡完全醒着十分孤独烂醉十分相象十分活泼,very:修饰原级或现在分词much:修饰比较级或过去分词,(2)表示健康状况的形容词:well,ill,faint,Ididntfeelwell,butthedoctorsaiditwasnothingserious.Theengineerwasillwithoverwork.Hisstrengthgrewfaint.ashewasgettingoninyears.,(3)某些表示情感和心理状态等的形容词:glad,sorry,fond,sure,worth,unable,mistaken,busy,少量表语形容词间或可作定语，但要后置，请参考本文第四大点。,2.形容词也可用在sit,stand,lie等动词后或某些结构中来描述主语.,Shesatmotionless,waitingfortheirdecision.Thevalleylayquietandpeacefulinthesun.,3.英语中有四个形容词like,unlike,near,worth可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。其中like常与feel,look连用。Itlookslikerain.Thebookisworthreading.InhisjeansandT-shirt,Charleslookedunlikealawyer.,4.Itis+形容词+of+代词+不定式brave,clever,cruel,rude,silly,foolish,kind,nice,stupid,wise,wrong,5.当too与kind,easy,ready,eager,anxious,willing等连用,后面的不定式无否定意义。Youaretookindtohelpme.Sheistooeagertofinishthework.当tootodo前有never,not,only,but等词时,或出现toonotto的双重否定时,该结构的意义为肯定。Itisnevertoooldtolearn.Shewastooanxiousnottomakesuchamistake.,6.形容词作状语的情况：Overjoyed,shedashedoutofthehouse.(伴随)Shegraspedmyhands,unabletosayanything.（伴随）Hesurvivedaftertheaccident,unharmed.（结果）Anxiousforaquickdecision,thechairmancalledforavote.（原因）Curious,welookedaroundforotherguests.（原因）作状语时一般放在句子前，或句子后部；但有些形容词有时用在动词后面，表示状态：Manypoetsdiedyoung.Idrinkthemilkhot.,7.副词辨析及两种形式的副词辨析:,(1)ago,before,ago主要用于一般过去时before主要用于完成时态,Ivisitedhimthreedaysago,buthehadgonetoBeijingtwodaysbefore.Wehavebeentothevalleybefore.(不确定的过去只能用before.),要注意有些副词有两种形式:一种与形容词同形,另一种后有-ly。有的含义相同或略有不同,有的则意义完全不同,极易被混淆。,(2)fairly,rather,fairly主要用于修饰褒义词,rather主要用于贬义词Marydidfairlywellintheexam,butIdidratherbadly.,fairly只有一种顺序:afairly+n.rather有两种顺序:arather+n.=rathera+n.Thisisafairlyeasybook.Itisarathercoldday.=Itisratheracoldday.,rather,+too+adj./adv.+比较级,Theproblemisrathertoodifficultforapupil.Itsrathercolderatthetopofthemountainthanatthefoot.,(3)almost,nearly,almost和noone,nothing,no,none,nobody,never连用；nearly和not连用,Almostnoonewantedtostoptohavearest.Healmostneverattendsparties.,notnearly意为“远不如,远远少于,相差很远”,Thereisntnearlyenoughtimetolearnallthesewords.,(4)easy与easily两词均含“慢慢地”或“容易地”之意,但用法上有区别，easy主要用于一些习惯用语,如:Easycome,easygo./Easydoesit来得容易，去得快./慢慢干，别太使劲.其它情况均用easily,有时还作“无疑”或“很可能”解。例如：1)Wetalkedaboutreducingourcosts,butitseasiersaidthandone2)Sitdownandtakeiteasy(=relax)!3)Theywontgiveupsoeasily4)Hemayeasilybelatetoday,(5)free与freely:free用于动词后,“免费”,“自由地”强调动作不受阻碍；freely“随便地”，“慷慨地”强调动作发生的随意性，例如：1)Thebooksaregivenawayfree2)Thechildrenrunfreeacrossthemeadow3)Thedrugsarefreelyavailable.4)Heisalwaysgivingawayhismoneyfreelytothepoor.,(6)late与latelylate“迟”，“晚”，在aslateas与nolaterthan等习语中含“最近”之意;lately:“最近”或“不久前”=recently。1)Tomcametoschoollateandmissedthefirstclass2)Hegotherefiveminuteslate3)Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?4)Itisonly(orjust)latelythat1gotacopyofit,(7)loud与loudly均为“高声地”或“大声地”多用于talk，speak。shout，laugh等词后，可以互换,但是在boast，exclaim动词后用loudly。在比较级中用louder，loudest。例如：1)Donttalksoloud(loudly)2)Shecomplainedloudlyofhavingbeenkeptwaiting3)Speaklouder;Icanthearyou,(8)most与mostlymost:“极、非常、很”,有时相当于very；mostly:“多半、主要地、基本上”例如：1)Youreamost(=very)unusualperson2)Myhomeworkismostlydone3)TheyweremostlyoutonSundays,(9)pretty与prettilypretty:“相当”,表程度，意同fairly，用于成语:prettymuchprettynearlyprettywell,几乎,差不多,1)Shewasinprettygoodhealth；onlyalittletired2)Thecarisprettynearlynew.prettily含“悦人地”或“可爱地”之意。1)Shewasprettilydressed2)Thelittlegirlsdancedprettily,(10)high/highly,wide/widely,deep/deeply,direct/directly,close/closely-ly结尾的副词表示抽象意义,-ly结尾的副词表示具体意义.,Theplaneflew_inthesky.Theyspokevery_ofhim,Hekepthiseyes_open.Computersare_usedinourlife.,Hestoodwithhishands_inhispockets.Shewas_gratefultoyouforyourhelp.,Thenextflightgoes_toBeijing.Sheansweredmevery_andopenly,Thepolicecarmoved_tothehouse.Thepupilswatchedthetesttube_.,high,highly,wide,widely,deep,deeply,direct,directly,close,closely,8.比较级中应注意的问题:,(1)能够修饰比较级的词语有：far,much,still,even,rather,slightly,alot,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,byfar,c.f.若在比较级中出现的中心词是可数名词的复数形式,用many修饰;若中心词是不可数名词,则用much修饰.,Therearemanymorebooksinthelibrary.Thereismuchmorewaterinthisglassthaninthatone.,(2)冠词在比较级中的运用,1)表示泛指意义:,-Ifyoudontliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.-Ok,butdoyouhave_sizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.A.abitB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger,2)表示两者中较好或较差的那一个,要用the+比较级+(ofthetwo),OfthetwoshirtsIdliketochoose_one.A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.mostexpensive,B,A,3)比较级表示最高级意义,(1)Hehadneverspenta_day.moreworryB.mostworryingC.moreworryingD.mostworried(2)Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard_.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice,4)最高级意义的多种表达,Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudents.Heistallerthanalltheotherstudents.Heistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.,C,D,(3)nomorethan,notmorethan1)nomorethan:“和一样不”,指两者都差；notmorethan:“并不比更”,not只否定前者，表示前者不如后者。HisEnglishisnobetterthanmine.(他的英语并不比我的好。）HisEnglishisnotbetterthanmine.（他的英语不如我的好。）2)nomorethan后接数词:“只不过”，notmorethan后接数词:“不超过”。Ihavenomorethanfiveyuaninmypocket.Ihavenotmorethanfiveyuaninmypocket.,(4)nolessthan,notlessthan1)nolessthan后接形容词或副词含有肯定意义，意为“与一样”；notlessthan意为“不比更”，表示从程度上前者不差于后者。HeisnolessquickatfiguresthanI.(他对数字的反应和我一样快。）HeisnotlessquickatfiguresthanI.(他对数字反应至少与我一样快。）2)nolessthan后接数词表示“多达”,notlessthan表示“不少于，至少”。Therearenolessthan10booksonthetable.Therearenotlessthan10booksonthetable.,(5)morethan,morethan1)morethan“与其说不如”:强调前者。Itismoreadiplomathanamedal.与其说这是奖牌，不如说它更像一张奖状。Hewasmorefrightenedthanhurt.Sheismorediligentthanwise.2)morethan:“超过”,常接数词词组。与lessthan一样,也可修饰形容词,分词或动词,表程度。Therearemorethan20peopleattendingthemeeting.Thepopulationhasmorethandoubledinthepastthreeyears.Theremarkshurthermorethanshewouldeverknow.,1.名词+现在分词peace-loving2.名词+过去分词snow-covered3.名词+形容词world-famous4.副词+现在分词hard-working5.副词+过去分词newly-built,6.形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking7.形容词+名词+edkind-hearted8.形容词+形容词dark-blue9.数词+名词+edthree-egged10.数词+名词twenty-year,复合形容词,9.,10.1)定冠词+形容词:表示某一类人作主语时,动词用复数,缺席者老年人勇敢者死人要死的人残疾人活着的人被压迫者出席的人病人强者,theabsenttheagedthebravethedeadthedyingthedisabledthelivingtheoppressedthepresentthesickthestrong,2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词,指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。theBritish，theEnglish，theFrench，theChinese.TheEnglishhavewonderfulsenseofhumor.,theweakthewisethewoundedthedeafandmutethelostthemissingthehomelessthehungry,弱者聪明人伤员聋哑人失踪的人失踪的人无家可归的人饥饿的人,11.比较级形容词或副词+than注意：YouaretallerthanI.Thelightsinyourroomareasbrightasthoseinmine.1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.,(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(对)Heiscleverthanhisbrother.,2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia,