五六年级英语语法要点.ppt

英语语法要点及习题,一、名词复数规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives但有些词只加s:roofs,proofs,chiefs.,5.以o结尾的名词，有些加es:Negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes;其它加s:radios,zoos,pianos,photos;zero加s,es均可。6不规则名词复数：policeman-policemen,man-men,policewoman-policewomen,foot-feet,mouse-micewoman-women,fish-fish,child-children.tooth-teethpeople-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,写出下列各词的复数I_him_this_her_watch_child_photo_diary_day_foot_book_dress_tooth_sheep_box_strawberry_thief_yo-yo_peach_sandwich_man_woman_paper_juice_water_milk_rice_tea_,we,them,these,their,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,strawberries,thieves,yo-yos,peaches,sandwiches,men,women,paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea,二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。,1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的构成,1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?,一般现在时的变化,2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+dont(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idontlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?,动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,2以s.sh.ch.x.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies,一般现在时用法专练:,写出下列动词的第三人称单数,drink_go_stay_make_look_have_pass_carry_come_watch_plant_fly_study_brush_do_teach_,写出下列动词的第三人称单数,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,comes,watches,plants,flies,studies,brushes,does,teaches,用括号内动词的适当形式填空。,1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_(be)inClassOne.3.We_(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5._they_(like)theWorldCup?6.What_theyoften_(do)onSaturdays?7._yourparents_(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI_(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There_(be)somewaterinthebottle.,has,are,dontwatch,doesntgo,Do,like,do,todo,Do,read,teaches,take,are,11.Mike_(like)cooking.12.They_(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_(be)ill.Imstayinginbed.16.She_(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_(do)notlikeP.E.18.Thechildoften_(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.Whatday_(be)ittoday?ItsSaturday.,likes,have,looks,do,does,goes,watches,have,is,am,按照要求改写句子,1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_,DoesAmylikeplayingcomputergames?,DanieldoesntwatchTVeveryevening.,Doyoudoyourhomeworkeveryday?No,Idont.,Doesshelikemilk?Yes,shedoes.,No,shedoesnt.,Wedontgotoschooleverymorning.,按照要求改写句子,6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)_7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)_8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)_9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)_,HedoesntspeakEnglishverywell.,Whatdoyouliketodointhepark?,WheredoesJohncome?,Isshealwaysagoodstudent?,No,sheisnt.,SimonandDanieldontlikegoingskating.,改错(划出错误的地方将正确的写在横线上),1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._5.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSundays._,_,Does,_,like,_,likesto,_,tesches,_,doesnt,现在进行时,1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问句的基本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词ing?,动词加ing的变化规则,1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习：,写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_,playing,running,swimming,making,going,liking,writing,skiing,reading,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,buying,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,beginning,shopping,用所给的动词的正确形式填空：,1.Theboy_(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_you_(do)now?5.Look.They_(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They_(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls_(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_(listen)tomusic.9.Its5oclocknow.We_(have)suppernow10._Helen_(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.,aredrawing,aresinging,iscooking,are,doing,arehaving,arentwatering,aredancing,islistening,arehaving,washing,Is,句型转换：,1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Implayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_,Aretheydoinghousework?,Theyarentdoinghousework.,Arethestudentscleaningtheclassroom?,Yes,theyare.,No,theyarent.,Whatareyoudoingintheplayground?,WhereisTomreadingbooks?,将来时理论及练习,一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：begoingto+do；will+do.,三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Imnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?,五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who例如：ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.WhosgoingtoNewYorksoon.2.问干什么。Whatdo.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如：Shesgoingtogotobedatnine.Whenisshegoingtogotobed?,同义句：begoingto=will,Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.练习：,填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What_nextMondayI_playbasketball.What_youdonextMonday?I_playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_you_meet?,改句子:,5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy_goingtogocamping.6.Illgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_go_jointhem.7.Imgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_she_afterschool?10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.,用所给词的适当形式填空,11.Todayisasunnyday.We_(have)apicnicthisafternoon.12.Mybrother_(go)toShanghainextweek.13.Tomoften_(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He_(go)toschoolbybike.14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects?15.ItsFridaytoday.What_she_(do)thisweekend?She_(watch)TVand_(catch)insects.,16.What_(d0)youdolastSunday?I_(pick)applesonafarm.What_(do)nextSunday?I_(milk)cows.17.Mary_(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.18.LiuTao_(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.19.David_(give)apuppetshownextMonday.20.I_(plan)formystudynow,形容词的比较级,1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加er的规则：一般在词尾加er；以字母e结尾，加r；以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。3不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful,副词的比较级,1形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)三、练习,写出下列形容词或副词的比较级,old_young_tall_long_short_strong_big_small_fat_thin_heavy_light_nice_good_beautiful_low_high_slow_fast_late_early_far_well_,older,younger,taller,longer,shorter,stronger,bigger,smaller,fatter,thinner,heavyer,lighter,better,lower,higher,slower,faster,later,earlyer,farther,better,morebeautiful,根据句意填入单词的正确形式：,1.Mybrotheristwoyears_(old)thanme.2.Tomisas_(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister_(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois_(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis_(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Maryshairisas_(long)asLucys.7.Ben_(jump)_(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.,根据句意填入单词的正确形式：,8._Nancysing_(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_.9.Fangfangisnotas_(tall)astheothergirls.10.Myeyesare_(big)than_(she).11.Whichis_(heavy),theelephantorthepig?12.Whogetsup_(early),TimorTom?13._thegirlsgetup_(early)thantheboys?No,they_.14.Jimruns_(slow).ButBenruns_(slow).15.Thechilddoesnt_(write)as_(fast)asthestudents.,翻译句子：,1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_is_thanJim？_are2、谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan._thanDavid?GaoShan_.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_pencilis_,_or_？_is,Ithink.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_apples_,your_oryour_?My_.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。_as_asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.,6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_as_as_Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。_as_as_twin_?No,_thanhim.8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLing_to_thanSuYangeveryday.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。I_as_asMike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的,他和我跑得一样快。_Tom_thanyou?No,he_.He_as_as_.,11.多做运动，你会更强壮。_moreexercise,youll_soon.12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。I_atScience.ButIdont_wellinChinese.13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。_you_thekite_thanWangbing?No,I_it_than_.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_.Allmy_thanme.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_up_thanme.,16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。_thegirls_theboys?Yes,they_.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedoesnt_inPE.ButIdont_than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。_you_football_thanyourclassmates?No,they_as_asme.19我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My_thanmy_.20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。_sweater_as_as_.21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。Mydress_too_.Iwantto_a_one.22.ImtallerthanMike.(该成用原级的比较)Im_as_asMike.,Therebe句型与have,has的区别,1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。,5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats+介词短语？,Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”,1.I_agoodfatherandagoodmother.2._atelescopeonthedesk.3.He_atape-recorder.4._abasketballintheplayground.5.She_somedresses.6.They_anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou_?8._areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike_?10._anybooksinthebookcase?,11.Myfather_astory-book.12._astory-bookonthetable.13._anyflowersinthevase?14.Howmanystudents_intheclassroom?15.Myparents_somenicepictures.16._somemapsonthewall.17._amapoftheworldonthewall.18.David_atelescope.19.Davidsfriends_sometents.20._manychildrenonthehill.,用恰当的be动词填空,1、There_alotofsweetsinthebox.2、There_somemilkintheglass.3、There_somepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、There_apictureandamaponthewall.5、There_aboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、There_lotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、There_atinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.8、There_fourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.,Fillintheblankwith“have,has”,1.I_anicepuppet.2.He_agoodfriend.3.They_somemasks.4.We_someflowers.5.She_aduck.6.Myfather_anewbike.7.Hermother_avase.8.Ourteacher_anEnglishbook.9.Ourteachers_abasketball.10.Theirparents_someblankets,11.Nancy_manyskirts.12.David_somejackets.13.Myfriends_afootball.14.Whatdoyou_?15.WhatdoesMike_?16.Whatdoyourfriends_?17.WhatdoesHelen_?18.Hisbrother_abasketball.19.Hersister_anicedoll.20.MissLi_anEnglishbook.,人称代词和物主代词,1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,填写代词表,用所给词的适当形式填空,1.Thatisnot_kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_.Giveitto_.(she)3.Isthis_watch?(you)No,itsnot_.(I)4._ismybrother._nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_.(he)5._dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwheres_?(you)8.Show_yourkite,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_.(it)10.Arethese_tickets?No,_arenot_._arenthere.(they),11.Shall_havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_classroom.(we)12._ismyaunt.Doyouknow_job?_anurse.(she)13.Thatisnot_camera._isathome.(he)14.Whereare_?Icantfind_.Letscall_parents.(they)15.Donttouch_._notacat,_atiger!16._sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_.(she)17._dontknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_.(we)18.Somanydogs.Letscount_.(they)19.Ihavealovelybrother._isonly3.Ilike_verymuch.(he)20.MayIsitbeside_?(you)21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon_.(it）22.Thegirlbehind_isourfriend.(she),用am,is,are填空,1.I_aboy._youaboy?No,I_not.2.Thegirl_Jackssister.3.Thedog_tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_ateacher.5._yourbrotherintheclassroom?6.Where_yourmother?She_athome.7.How_yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao_atschool.9.Whosedress_this?10.Whosesocks_they?,11.That_myredskirt.12.Who_I?13.Thejeans_onthedesk.14.Here_ascarfforyou.15.Here_somesweatersforyou.16.Theblackgloves_forSuYang.17.Thispairofgloves_forYangLing.18.Thetwocupsofmilk_forme.19.Sometea_intheglass.20.Gaoshansshirt_overthere.,21.Mysistersname_Nancy.22.This_notWangFangspencil.23._DavidandHelenfromEngland?24.There_agirlintheroom.25.There_someapplesonthetree.26._thereanykitesintheclassroom?27._thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28.There_somebreadontheplate.29.There_aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.30.You,heandI_fromChina.,