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初中英语专题复习之非谓语动词,一、动词不定式（一）构成：1.肯定形式：to+v2.否定形式：notto+v(二）句法功能：1.主语：eg:(1)TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=Itisnoteasyforus_English.(2)Itisnecessaryforthemtopracticemore.=_isnecessaryforthem.不定式充当主语时，常常用it代（放到句首），而把真正的不定式放在后面。2.表语：eg:(3)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.(4)Yourdutyistocollectinformation.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。,to,speak,To,practice,more,3.宾语：eg:(5)Helikestoplaybasketball.(6)Iwanttogofishingwithyouonweekends.动词不定式只能作某些及物动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。want,refuse,wish,need,choose,hope,agree,try,begin,offer,wouldliketo等动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。4.宾补：eg:(7)SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinanEnglishclass.(8)Iheardhercryinthenextroomjustnow.在make,let,have,see,hear,watch等使役动词、感官动词后，不定式省略to。但在变为被动句时应加上to。tell,ask,want,allow,get,would,encourage后常跟不定式作宾补。5.定语：eg:(9)Haveyouanythingtosay?(10)Ineedaroomtolivein.,不定式作定语，位于中心词之后；若作定语的不定式为不及物动词，且与中心词之间有动宾关系，要在该动词后加上适当的介词（如例10）。6.状语：eg:(11)Imsorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）(12)IwenttheretostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。（三）常见的一些与不带to的不定式连用的词组、句型：1.Whynot+do?2.hadbetter(not)do3.wouldratherdo4.Could/Would/Willyouplease(notto)do?（四）特殊疑问词+不定式不定式可以和疑问代词(who,whom,whosewhat,which,)、疑问副词(when,where,how,why)连用构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。,eg:(13)Pleasetellmewhattodonext.(14)Ididntknowwheretogo.二、动名词（一）构成：v+-ing(二）句法功能：1.主语：eg:(15)Feedinganimalsismyjob.=Myjobisfeedinganimals.(16)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.2.宾语：（1）动词的宾语：（17）Helikesdancing/singing.(2)介词的宾语：(18)Cookersareusedforcooking.(19)Jimisgoodatpainting.常见的带动名词作宾语的动词：finish,enjoy,mind,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem,spend,feellike,haveahardtime,beusedto,cantstand/help,3.表语：eg:(20)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。4.定语：eg:(21)Sheisinthereadingroom.(22)Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.动名词作定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。三、分词（一）构成：1.现在分词：v+-ing2.过去分词：v+-ed(二）句法功能：1.定语：eg:(23)Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?(24)Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。,2.状语：eg:(25)Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。3.表语：eg:(26)Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。4.补足语：eg:(27)Dontkeepuswaitingforalongtime.(28)Iheardhersingingintheclassroom.(29)Hellhavehishaircutafterschool.现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）。,（三）现在分词与过去分词的区别1.在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。eg:thesurprisingnews令人惊讶的电影asurprisedman一个受惊吓的人amovingfilm一场感人的电影themovedpeople被感动的人们2.在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经结束。eg:thedevelopingcountry发展中国家thedevelopedcountry发达国家therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun升起来的太阳（四）havesb.dosth./havesb.doingsth./havesth.done1.havesb.dosth.“让某人做某事”have可用let,make代替.不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。,eg:(30)Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对着他的父亲站着。2.havesb.doingsth.“让某人/某物做某事”，可用keep代替，现在分词(doing)表示的这个动作往往具有持续、进行的意思。eg:(31)Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。3.havesth.done“让某人做某事”，即asksb.elsetodosth.过去分词(done)表示的这个动作由他人（即非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。eg:(32)Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。(33)Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我叫人把自行车修了。,四、某些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式的区别stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事eg:(34)Stoptalking,please.(35)Stoptothinkaboutitforamoment.remember/forgettodosth.记住/忘了要做某事remember/forgetdoingsth.记得/忘了做过某事eg:(36)Irememberpostingyourletter.(37)Pleaseremembertopostmyletter.(38)Iforgottobringmyhomework.(39)Iforgotbringingmyhomework.trytodosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.试着去做某事eg:(40)HetriedspeakingEnglishtous.(41)Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.,goontodosth.做完一件事，接着去做另一件事goondoingsth.继续不停地做某事eg:(42)Goontodotheotherexerciseafteryoufinishthisone.(43)Goondoingtheexerciseafterashortrest.allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事eg:(44)Wedontallowsmokinghere.(45)Wedontallowstudentstogooutonweekdays.Exercises1.Ifyoufeeltired,youmaystop_.A.havearestB.tohavearestC.havingarest2.Wereinclass.Youdbetternot_.A.talkB.talkingC.talkedD.totalk,B,A,3.Wearegoingforapicnictomorrow.IllcallWendytomakesure_.A.whytostartB.whentostartC.whattostartD.whichtostart4.SomechildrenarearguingwhatTVprograms_.A.watchingB.forwatchingC.towatchD.willwatch5.Ioftenseemyteacher,MrZhao,_booksinhisoffice.A.readsB.toreadC.isreadD.read6.Shoppingwithme?-Sorry,Ihavealotofclothes_.A.towashB.washedC.washD.washing7.Whowasthefirstone_?A.toreachB.toarriveC.togettoD.toarriveat,B,C,D,A,B,
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