英文翻译练习及答案.docx

英文翻译练习及答案 >Gandhis Assassination: “Bapu (Father) Is Finished”1）甘地遇刺：“巴普（爸爸/父亲）死了！”2）甘地不幸遇刺，印度痛失国父。3）甘地遇刺身亡，圣雄魂归九天。>New Delhi, January 30, 1948 (United Press Association) - Mohandas K. Gandhi was assassinated today by a Hindu Extremist whose act plunged India into sorrow and fear.合众新闻社 新德里 1948年1月30日电 莫旱达斯K甘地今天遭一名印度教极端分子暗杀身亡，这一暴行使印度举国上下悲痛万分，惊恐不已。>Gandhi crumpled instantly, putting his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of forgiveness to his assassin. Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and one in the chest.甘地当即垮倒在地，同时还按印度教的方式，以手加额，表示宽恕凶手。三发子弹在近距离射中了他的身躯，其中一颗击中右胯，一颗射入腹部，另一颗打中了胸部。>A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a cry: “God help us all!”一名惊恐万状的穆斯林妇女喊出了众同胞的心声：“真主啊，救救我们吧！”>There by the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.在那里成千上万的人或伫立垂泪，或凄切啜泣，或哀声痛哭。>Within Birla House there was grief and mourning which at least for the moment fused the dissident sects of India - the Hindus, the Moslems, and the Sikhs - into a community of sorrow.在波拉宫，悲痛至少暂时弥合了印度各宗派印度教徒，徒和锡克教徒之间的分歧，使他们融为一体，同声哀悼。用四字格的好处：a) Condensing otherwise fussy ideas.b) Achieving brevityc) Vivifying a translators pend) Making translation newsier and more readableSuggested ApproachesI. Condensing (fussy) ideas or loose structures into four-character Chinese phrases.>The BBC reporters overwhelmed the police as much with courtesy as with force, and rushed to the scene in time.英国广播公司记者软磨硬闯，冲破了警察的阻挡，及时赶到事发现场。>Some personnel executives complained that many college graduates they had interviewed here had two-star abilities with five-star ambitions.一些人事经理抱怨，在他们面试过的大学毕业生中，其中不少人都是些眼高手低（或好高骛远）之辈。> her rich black hair falling freely onto her shoulders, the intensity of her dark eyes.乌发披肩，亮泽飘逸；一双黑眸，顾盼生辉。乌亮秀发，瀑垂在肩；一双黑眸，波光潋滟。 (Better)To be a good translatorl Target languagel Stylistic knowledgel Source languagel Professional knowledgel Cultural impactII. Make your Chinese more Chinese>There is no doubt that she is her husbands professional and intellectual equal.毫无疑问，她在事业和知识方面都是与其丈夫并驾齐驱的。>The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer. The more cigarettes smoked by the husband, the greater the threat faced by his non-smoking wife.这项研究发现，妻子不抽烟而丈夫抽烟的，妻子的肺癌的可能性比一般人大得多。丈夫抽得烟越多，妻子受到的威胁也就越大。>”The market in China is an almost bottomless pit,” the visiting Nike CEO told reporters here in Shanghai.“中国的市场无限巨大（或前景无量）。”正在上海访问的耐克公司行政总裁（或首席执行官）对记者如是说。>Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade.失业人数居高不下，已持续十多个年头了。>Companies with a big staff in Beijing find themselves squeezed between high operating costs and shrinking business.在北京，员工队伍庞大的公司出现了运行成本高，业务量不断萎缩的局面，举步维艰。>Some state-owned restaurants usually offer slow and rude service, less than appetizing food and appalling toilets.有些国营饭店通常上菜慢、服务差、饭菜糟、厕所脏。III. Avoid Misinterpretation>Junes World Cup in Seoul will be a security nightmare for Japan as well as South Korea.六月份在首尔举办世界杯，其安全保卫工作不仅对韩国，而且对日本都构成了一个大难题。>The former White House intern repeatedly implied that she possessed compromising information about Clinton, which was, if published, liable to harm his reelection for presidency.这名前白宫实习生多次暗示，她掌握着（有损）克林顿（名誉）的负面材料>Professor Wang was quoted as sating that his proposal had died a bureaucratic death.据王教授说，由于官僚主义盛行，他的这一建议（提交后）便石沉大海（或杳无音信/不了了之）。>According to experts, almost everything about President Bushs looks and character are an image-makers nightmare.据专家说，布什总统从容貌到性格，几乎每个方面都令其形象设计师大伤脑筋。>The committee ruled that it was justifiable for government to outlaw pornographic magazines and films if it could show that the materials “degraded” women, thus compromising their equality.该委员会裁定，假如政府能说明这些色情刊物和电影有辱妇女的人格，损害了她们的平等地位，那么政府查禁这些东西就是正当 的。>The man was lured (by a bar girl) to a nearby house and secretly filmed in a compromising position with the woman.该男子（被一吧女）诱骗到附近的一所房子里，他和那女人在一起时被人偷偷摄下了有损其形象的镜头。>领导干部要讲政治。Cadres should be politically minded / aware / conscious.IV. Semantic Translation vs. Pragmatic TranslationSemantic meaningPragmatic meaningUnderstanding discrepancyCulture lossDynamic / functional equivalenceCulture-loaded wordsCulture clashes不恰当的翻译：美丽 vs. beautiful好男人 vs. good man贫困家庭 vs. poor family>巧妇难为无米之炊Even a clever woman (or housewife) cannot make bread without flour; You cannot make something out of nothing.>宝钗独自行来，顺路进了怡红院不想步入院中，鸦雀无闻。（红楼梦）(David Hankes) Not a birds cheep was to be heard.(杨宪益) To her surprise, the courtyard was utterly quiet.>”You chicken!” he cried looking at Tom with contempt.“你这个狗熊 / 脓包！”他轻蔑的看着汤姆嚷道。>I thought he must have got married and had a lioness at home.我猜想他一定结婚了，而且太太还是母老虎。>I want to see the back of him.拙译 我想看他的后背。改译 我巴不得他快点离开。>Hes the last man I want to see.拙译 他是我想最后见到的人。改译 他是我最不想见到的人。>Thats all I want to hear.拙译 这就是我想听到的全部。改译 够了（别再说了）。>Achieving those targets will be a breeze.拙译 达到这些目标将是一股微风。改译 达到这些目标易如反掌。>The companys top executives all are refugees from the countrys bureaucratic and under-financed state research sector.该公司的高层管理人员都来自该国的国家研究机构，这些机构不仅充满官僚主义气息，而且研究经费不足，他们难以在那里呆下去。>All told, China has roughly 380 million women between the ages of 15 and 55, and few of them - particularly in the cities - want to look any less than the best their budgets allow.15至55岁的中国女性共约有3.8亿，只要经济条件许可，几乎人人都想把自己打扮的绰约亮丽，这种情况在城市尤为明显。>Eager to trust but determined to verify, many single women in an age of risky romance are hiring private detectives to check the background of their suitors.在这个爱情保险系数并非很高的年代，许多单身女子对求婚的人欲信犹疑，于是就纷纷雇用私家侦探去查清对方的身世经历。>Rich choice tobaccos plus the modern filter make Ken t the international passport to smoking pleasure.富含上乘原料，加配新潮过滤嘴，箭牌香烟让全球烟民“烟”福不浅。>A growing number of parents complain that children nowadays always live ahead of their salaries.越来越多的父母抱怨，现在子女的生活开销总是大得使他们入不敷出。>The research find that young women are heading for an early grave through smoking and lack of exercise.这项研究发现，由于抽烟和缺少运动，青年妇女正行进于减寿之途。=(1) The horse is a useful animal. 这马是一个/种有用的动物。马是有用的动物。(2) Carlisle street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meatmarkets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下上岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后，突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。(3) The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country.小国人民只要敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器并掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能打败大国的侵略。 不坚持，就会失败。If you dont hold on, you will fail. Keep on, or well fail. One will fail unless he preserves. Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.(聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢这临渴掘井)In line with the latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.(有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致的式样，而一味追求袒胸露体的奇装异服。) Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking!春花含苞欲放，绿叶缓缓舒展，溪水潺潺流淌，欢乐的春天涌现着无限的追求和希望，这一切难以用语言倾诉表达。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.(我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。)Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.(在举行个别交谈之前，我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。)He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但思想健康。 (X)他身体虽弱，但精神尚佳 。 He found them pushing needles, thread, pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissors and buttons to housewives. 他发现他们在向家庭主妇推销针头线脑、锅碗瓢盆。 (X)他发现他们在向家庭主妇推销针线、锅罐、绸缎、剪刀和纽扣 。 Hailed as an Iacacca, he now must meet added competition.他把自己标榜为艾柯卡，眼下一定会遇到更多的竞争对手。 (X)他把自己标榜为艾柯卡式的金融巨子，眼下一定会遇到更多的竞争对手。 富贵功名若长在，汉水也应西北流。If wealth and rank were long constant, then indeed might the water of the Han River flow northwest.(X)Unless could the stream flow backward to its fountain, wealth and honor could remain forever. Size dont matter, chopping wood说到劈柴，个头并不重要。 (X)个头没啥关系，劈柴嘛。 =We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。Lets revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace - but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。Nels had it all written out neatly.纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。 这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue;And the steppe wide, wide;Over grass that the wind has battered low;Sheep and oxen roam.5. 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank.I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)2. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。”Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your w ork well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while anothermay not look over the hedge.)6. 班门弄斧Showing off ones proficiency with the axebefore Lu Ban the master carpenter. 7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combinedequal Zhuge Liang the master mind. 8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. A book is useful. 书（是）由用（的）。The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上学。If you write him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他，总是石沉大海。A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。It isnt rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back well, perhaps it is funny, rather! （一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是很有趣的事。我们要培养分析问题、 解决问题的能力。We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。They have done much more for the state than we have. For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them. 学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说是外在的写作模式。 In those years the Republicans were in.那些年是共和党执政。The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了。Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折。Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. . 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。This experiment is a great success. 这次实验是极为成功的。1) 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的, 非下苦功不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 2) 一定要少说空话,多做工作。There must be less empty talk and more hard work. 3. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。Xu B eihongs drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good. 4. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁。Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. 1 发生了这样的事不是你的错。Its not your fault that this has happened. 2 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说。A thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.3 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。The pupils that had been watching started to applaud. 会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。The meeting ended in disagreement (without reaching a consensus). 这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程六个专业。This university has six faculties, namely, Computer Science, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering. 我想小李明天不会来了。I dont think Xiao Li will com tomorrow. 2 我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大的人民军队的称号。Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.3 雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。 Lei Fengs noble deeds are above all praise.她光着脚走进房间。She came into the room with no shoes on. 5 法律面前人人平等。Law is no respecter of persons. She refrained from laughing. 她忍住了，没有发笑。She was refused admittance by them. 他们不许她进去。An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 良机难再。All that glitters is not gold. All is not lost. 并非全失。But all men are not born to reign. 并非人人生来就都是作帝王的。All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends. 吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。Both children are not clever. 并非两个孩子都聪明。Private. 闲人莫入。Keep upright. 切勿倒置。Wet paint. 油漆未干。Urban clearway. 市区通道，不准停车。Inflammables - keep away from fire. 易燃物品，请勿近火。No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced. 凭票退还押金。These visits will operate only if weather permits. 以上参观项目遇雨停止或改期。If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果你本人递交证件，只有校方信封保持密封才可以被认为是正视的。（误）如果证件由申请人本人递交，则本人不得擅自启封，否则证件将视为无效。（正）这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们作生意，以至建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。 The communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their government to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us. This is goodwill. This is help. 蒋介石说，中国过去没有内战，只有剿匪；不管叫什么吧，总之要发动反人民的内战。Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any “civil war” in China, only “bandit suppression”. Whatever he likes to call it, the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people. 不和中国的人民民主专政的当局好好地打交道，却要干这些混帐工作，而且公开地发表出来，丢脸！丢脸！Instead of dealing with the authorities of the Chinese peoples democratic dictatorship in the proper way, Acheson and his like are doing filthy work, and what is more, they have openly published it. What a loss of face! What a loss of face!蒋介石说要建国，今后就是建什么国的斗争，是建立一个无产阶级领导的人民大众的新民主主义国家呢，还是建立一个大地主大资产阶级专政的半殖民地半封建的国家呢？Chiang Kai-shek talks about “building the country”. From now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country. To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat? Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白，务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄不躁地作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗地作风。This must be made clear now in the Party. The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work. The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle. 我军的现代化，就是要有一支强大的陆军海军空军，要有现代化的武器装备，包括导弹和核武器，要严格训练，要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领，熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术，以及随之而来的新战术。Our armys modernization calls for powerful ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment, including guided missiles and weapons; it calls for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat; it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed. 说话时，已摆了茶果上来。（红楼梦，第三回）Meanwhile refreshments had been served. 当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带了黛玉去见两个母舅。（第三回）Now the refreshments had been cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles. 林如海已葬入祖坟了，诸事停妥，贾琏方进京的。（16 ）Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his obsequies completed, Jia Lian was able to start back for the capital. 至晚饭后，宝玉因吃了两杯酒，眼饧（xing）耳热之际，若往日则有个袭人等大家喜笑有兴，今日却冷冷清清的一人对灯，好没兴趣。（21）After dinner, flushed by a few cups of wine, Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others; but this evening he sat all alone, disconsolate, by the lamp. 当下众人七言八语。(25)By now proposals of all kinds were being made. “说到曹操，曹操就到”talk of the devil, and hes sure to appear speak of angels, and you will hear their wings（1）骨折，打了石膏夹板，坐不了车子，只好在村里养着，我去看他，聊天儿，把别的知青偷的鸡送他吃老知青经常偷老乡的鸡，打老乡的狗，做好了送一些给我。 张辛欣北京人The bone was broken and he had it in plaster, therefore, he couldnt even take the bus, he just had to sit in the village waiting for it to get better. I used to go to see him for a chat. Sometimes I would take him some chicken or some dog meat which they stole from the peasants and cooked for themselves.(2)When it came out in a newspaper interview that I said Nixon should resign，that he was a crook, oh dear, that fur flew. 在一次记者采访时 我说了尼克松应该辞职，他是坏蛋的话。这一谈话在报纸上一批露，啊呀不得了啦，立刻就翻了天。1. 我身体健康。I am in good health.2. 我们各方面的工作都取得了很大的胜利。We have won great victories in all fields of our work.3. 床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。 李白的静夜思译文：A splash of white on my bedroom floor. Hoarfrost?I raise my eyes to the moon, the same moon.As scenes long past come to mind, my eyes fall again on the splash of white, and my heart aches for home. (翁显良)4. 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 元马致远：天净沙?秋思 译：Oer old trees wreathed with rotten vine fly evening crows ; Neath tiny bridge beside a cot a clear stream flows ; On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes. (许渊冲) 5.发展要有新思路，改革要有新突破，开放要有新局面，各项工作要有新举措。We should / It is imperative for us to / come up with new ideas for development, make new breakthroughs in reform, break new ground in opening up and take new moves in all fields of endeavor.(1) 说好的说好，说坏的说坏，莫衷一是。Some people say “good” and others “bad”, I dont know who is right.(2) 生了女儿 “有啥吃啥”，生了儿子“吃啥有啥”。A woman can eat just “whatever there is” when she has borne a girl, while she can eat “whatever she wants” when a boy.(3) 会嫁的嫁儿郎，不会嫁的嫁田庄。A wise woman marries a good man ,while a stupid just property.(4) 说是说了，没有结果；做是做了，没有成功。I have made proposals,