《课外作业参考答案》PPT课件.ppt

课后作业参考答案,ExerciseforLesson1:ChemicalInductry,pletethesummaryofthetext(1)theIndustrialRevolution(2)organicchemical(3)contactprocess(4)Haberprocess(5)syntheticpolymers(6)intermediates,(7)artificialfertilizers(8)cropprotectionchemicals(9)technology(10)pharmaceutical(11)researchanddevelopment(12)petrochemical(13)automaticcontrollequipment(14)capitalrather-than-laborintensive,3.PutthefollowingintoChinesecarbonate（碳酸盐）polypropylene（聚丙烯）epoxy（环氧基）vinyl（乙烯基）acetate（醋酸盐）pharmaceutical（药物的）spectrum（光谱）formaldehyde（甲醛）silica（硅石）ammonium（铵离子）polyester（聚酯）thelionsshare（大份额）,4.PutthefollowingintoEnglish钠Na(sodium)钾K(potassium)磷P(phosphur)氨(ammonia)聚合物(polymer)聚乙烯(polyethylene)氯化物(chloride)粘度(viscosity)烃(hydrocarbon)催化剂(catalyst)炼油厂(refinery)添加剂(additives),SupplementaryExercise1:NomenclatureofSomeChemicalElements,1.氢原子的英文名称是什么含义？答案：氢原子的英文名称hydrogen是由hydro（水）+gen（产生）合成的单词，表示“水之来源”。2.氦的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：氦原子的英文名称helium，首次被从太阳光谱分析中确认，使用希腊神话中太阳神“Helios”的名字命名。,3.钠原子的英文名称是什么？钠的元素符号为什么不是英文名称的第一个字母？答案：钠原子的英文名称sodium来源于阿拉伯语suda，而钠的元素符号来源于它的拉丁文名称natron的第一个字母，所以有不同的表示。4.磷的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：磷原子的英文名称phosphorus是由phos（光）+phor（fer带来）的合成词，表示“带来光”之意。反映出有些磷化合物在黑暗中发光的事实。,5.钾元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？说出钾原子的元素符号来源。答案：钾的英文名称为potassium，而potash是pot（锅）和ash（灰）的合成词，意为草木灰。钾的元素符号取自拉丁文名kalium。6.钛元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：钛元素的英文名称为titanium，是根据希腊神话故事中由天王（Uranus）和地母（Gaea）的巨人儿子泰坦Titan的名字命名。,7.铬的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：铬的英文名称是chromium，由于它在氧化状态下呈现紫、红、黄、绿等颜色。所以以希腊语中表示颜色的词“chroma”将其命名。8.为什么铁原子的英文名称和元素符号不一致？答案：英语iron是从拉丁语的矿石aes中得来，德语的eisen是由于铁的光泽和冰eis相似而得来。元素符号Fe来自拉丁语“坚硬”（firrus）。化学用语ferrous（Fe2+)及ferric（Fe3+）均由此派生。,9.镓元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：镓元素的英文名称为gallium，它是以法国的拉丁语名（Gallia）命名。10.硒的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？答案：硒的英文名称为selenium，它的命名源于希腊语中的月亮女神（Selene）。11.溴元素的英文名称是什么？它有什么含义？答案：溴元素的英文名称为bromine，起初是从盐湖水中分离出红黑色液体元素，取名muride,（海水中的东西），却未被采用。后来以希腊语中表示“刺激臭”，“恶臭”之意的（bromos）为词源命名。12.惰性气体氪的英文名称是什么，它有什么含义？答案：氪的英文名称为krypton，得自液体空气慢慢蒸发的残留液中，分析表明除大部分是氩外，还“隐藏”了比氩分子质量更大的气体。用希腊语中“隐藏”（kryptos）命名。,ExercisesforLesson2:ResearchandDevelopment,1.Completethesummaryofthetext(1)Rtheyareheldeverytwoyears.(A)semiannual(B)biennial2.Youmayvote“yes”or“no”,ifyouwish,youmay_A_.(A)abstain(B)adjoin,3.Manyboysatonetimeoranotherwanttobecomefiremen,butfewofthemactuallyenterthat_B_.(A)avocation(B)vocation4.Theflightwasdelayedbecauseof_A_weather.(A)adverse(B)averse5.TheAmericanRevolution(1775)_B_theFrenchRevolution(1789)byfourteenyears.(A)postdated(B)antedated,6.Animminenteventbelongstothe_C_.(A)recentpast(B)present(C)nearfuture(D)dimpast(E)distantfuture7.Bobisnotexclusive,he_B_.(A)trieshard(B)makefriendeasily(C)comeontime(D)keeptohimself(E)prepareshishomework,8.CaptainJohnSmithwassparedwhenPocahontas_A_inhisbehalf.(A)intervened(B)contravened(C)intersected(D)implicated(E)intercepted9.Inanintrapartydispute,noneoftheparticipantsare_E_.(A)members(B)entirelyright(C)stubborn(D)allwrong(E)outsiders,10.Therewasnointermissioninthefightingexceptforone_D_.(A)UNprotest(B)minorskirmish(C)surpriseattach(D)there-daytruce(E)shipmentoftheAllies11.Theovereagerstudentshoutedouttheanswer,unabletoinhibithis_C_.(A)disappointment(B)apprehension(C)enthusiasm(D)anger(E)curiosity,12.ThepatientwasinthehospitalfromNovember23toDecember3,inclusive,aperiodof_E_days.(A)twelve(B)nine(C)ten(D)thirteen(E)eleven13.Innextweeksdebate,Sheilawillargueonthecontra,or_A_,sideofthequestion.(A)negative(B)extraneous(C)intrinsic(D)controversial(E)positive,14.Quarrelsomeneighborsrarely_C_oneanothersviews.(A)countermand(B)censure(C)advocate(D)invoke(E)contradict15.Anumberofmembersaskedmetointercede,butIrefusedtoactasa(an)_D_.(A)understudy(B)insurgent(C)adversary(D)go-between(E)adheret,ExerciseforLesson5:Ammonia,NitricAcid&Urea(fromtheTextBookUnit7),1.Completingthefollowparagraphabouttheammoniasynthesisprocess:(1)kineticallyinert(2)ironcompound(3)exothermic(4)one-passyield(5)efficiency,(6)lowerpressures(7)highertemperatures(8)capital(9)energy(10)methaneandwater(11)carbondioxide(12)gasstream(13)shiftreaction(14)methane(15)3:1,3.PutthefollowingintoChinese:sodaash（苏打灰或纯碱）refractory（耐火的）silicate（硅酸盐）chromatography（色谱）mercury（汞或水银）alkaline（碱性的）desulphurisation（脱硫）membrane（膜）anode（阳极）cathode（阴极）contaminate（污染）inert（惰性的）,4.PutthefollowingintoEnglish:电解(electrolysis)分解(decomposition)复分解(metathesis)还原(reductionorrestoration)沉淀(precipitationorsedimentation)结晶(crystallization)过滤(filtration)吸收(adsorption)溶解度(solubility)溶度积(solubilityproduct)放热的(exothermic)平衡(equilibriumorbalance),SupplementaryMaterial5:EnglishVocabularyfromLatinPrefixesandRoots(2),Choosethecorrectanswerwhichhassimilarmeaningtotheexpressioninitalicsfromeachofthefollowingquestions._C_1.painfulinterlude(A)delay(B)dispute(C)interval(D)intermediary,_B_2.deeplyimplicated(A)sorry(B)involved(C)indebted(D)hurt_D_3.countertoexpectationlookforward(B)respond(C)appeal(D)contrary_A_4.exclusiveowner(A)sole(B)wealthy(C)rightful(D)principal,_B_5.nearlyexcised(A)inserted(B)removed(C)inscribed(D)repaired_C_6.evokedprotestsdisregarded(B)contradicted(C)elicited(D)banned_D_7.intrinsiccharacterinclusive(B)extraneous(C)unusual(D)essential,_C_8.uninhibitedresponse(A)untruthful(B)angry(C)unrestrained(D)thoughtful_B_9.impendingdownfallrecent(B)imminent(C)noteworthy(D)disastrous_A_10.notimpelled(A)forced(B)intercepted(C)explained(D)expelle,_C_11.immaculaterecord(A)imperfect(B)dispassionate(C)faultless(D)unbeatable_C_12.irrevocablemistake(A)minor(B)natural(C)unforgivable(D)pastrecall_B_13.easilydistracted(A)upset(B)diverted(C)abused(D)averted,_C_14.incessantchatter(A)worthless(B)noisy(C)unceasing(D)illogical_D_15.benevolentdespot(A)lavish(B)inhospitable(C)wise(D)kind_A_16.withoutdeviating(A)straying(B)seceding(C)stopping(D)hurrying,_B_17.widediscrepancy(A)reduction(B)variation(C)increase(D)agreement_C_18.inflexiblestand(A)immature(B)pliable(C)obstinate(D)defenseless_D_pletelyderanged(A)enervated(B)demolished(C)unnerved(D)demented,_C_20.neversecure(A)indanger(B)separate(C)safe(D)obtained,ExerciseforLesson6:UnitOperationsinChemicalEngineering(fromtheTextBookUnit13),Completethesummaryofthetext.Cplex2.unitoperations3.identical4.A.D.Little,5.fluidflow6.membraneseparation7.crystallization8.filtration9.materialbalance10.equilibriumstagemodel,3.PutthefollowingintoChinese:lixiviation（浸提）filteraid（助滤剂）flammability（易燃性）isotope（同位素）sedimentation（沉积）settling（沉降）correlation（相关性）funnel（漏斗）baffle（挡板）agglomeration（附聚或凝聚）configuration（构造）tangentially（成切线）droplet（小滴）vortex（漩涡）drag（拽力）holdup（滞留量）,4.PutthefollowingintoEnglish:溶解(dissolution)溶液(solution)溶质(solute)溶剂(solvent)平衡级(equilibriumstage)不互溶的(immiscible)浸取(leaching)过滤(filtration)提纯(purification)板框压滤机(plateandframepressingfilteringextruder),旋风分离器(cycloneseparator)逆流(countercurrent),ExerciseforSupplementaryMaterial(6)PrefixesfromAngloSaxABriefReviewofEnglishWordsfromGreekRoots,1.Chooseonewordwhosemeaningisirrelevanttootherthreeineachquestion.(1)-D-(A)careful(B)alert(C)wary(D)upstart(2)-B-(A)approaching(B)foreshadowing(C)forthcoming(D)upcoming(3)-A-(A)undeceived(B)beguiled(C)misled(D)misinformed,(4)-B-(A)biased(B)underprivileged(C)prejudiced(D)unfair(5)-B-(A)unmask(B)ungag(C)expose(D)unveil(6)-C-(A)abridged(B)incomplete(C)uncut(D)shortened,(7)-A-(A)released(B)shackled(C)restrained(D)confined(8)-C-(A)withdraw(B)unresponsive(C)underdeveloped(D)unsociable(9)-D-(A)destroy(B)eradicate(C)uproot(D)unscramble,(10)-C-(A)underscore(B)underline(C)understudy(D)emphasize(11)-C-(A)ancestor(B)forefather(C)descendant(D)forebear(12)-D-(A)outlived(B)survived(C)outlasted(D)outwitted,(13)-C-(A)principal(B)foremost(C)latest(D)chief(14)-B-(A)misgiving(B)blunder(C)foreboding(D)presentiment(15)-A-(A)overcast(B)overburden(C)overload(D)overtax,(16)-A-(A)luck(B)foresight(C)prudence(D)forethought(17)-C-(A)output(B)yield(C)surrender(D)product(18)-D-(A)misfortune(B)mishap(C)mischance(D)mistrust,(19)-A-(A)overbearing(B)beguiling(C)deluding(D)misleading(20)-D-(A)prediction(B)prophecy(C)forecast(D)fortune2.Matchtheleftcolumnwiththerightoneforthenextpage.,ExerciseforLesson7:ChemicalIndustryandEnvironment(fromtheTextBookUnit21),1.Completethesummaryofthetext,bychoosingNoMoreThanThreeWordsfromthepaasageforeachanswer.(1).knowledgeofchemicaltransformation(2).straptosphericozonelayer(3).acidrain(4).environmentallyfriendlyproducts,(5).biodegradable(6).harmfulby-products(7).efficiently(8).morethanonepollutant(9).plastics(10).recycledordisposed(11).acidwastesolutions(12).organiccompounds,(13).membranetechnology(14).biotechnology(15).microorganisms3.PutthefollowingintoChinese:stratosphere（平流层）troposphere（对流层）CFC（chlorofluorocarbon)(氯氟碳化物或氯氟代烃）bombardment（轰炸）,devastate（毁坏）remediation（补救）on-site（现场的）microbe（微生物）insecticide（杀虫剂）coax（哄骗）domain（领域）retrenchment（紧缩）ubiquitous（无处不在的）pervasive（弥漫的）serviceability（实用性）prevail（奏效）,4.PutthefollowingintoEnglish:紫外的(ultraviolet)臭氧(ozone)可生物降解的(biodegradable)烷基苯磺酸盐(alkylbenzenesulfonate)污水(wastewaterorsewage)温室效应(greenhouseeffect)污染(contaminationorpollution)膜分离(membraneseparation),气力输送(gaseoustransport)粉煤灰(flyash)辛烷值(octanerating)氢脆(hydrogenembrittlement),SupplementaryExercise7:AcomprehensivereviewofEnglishvocabulary,Choosethecorrectanswerwhichhassimilarmeaningtotheexpressioninitalicsfromeachofthefollowingquestions._D_1.quiteunperturbed(A)agitated(B)upset(C)unrelated(D)calm,_B_2.actincollusion(A)discord(B)conspiracy(C)expectation(D)harmony_D_3.furtherprocrastinate(A)progress(B)haste(C)complaint(D)delay_C_4.precludesmyjoining(A)comesbefore(B)postpones(C)prevent(D)makespossible,_A_5.provokedthevoters(A)incensed(B)perplexed(C)obsessed(D)impeded_B_6.circumventedourplan(A)deferred(B)frustrated(C)projected(D)advocated_B_7.presumedguilt(A)limited(B)supposed(C)obvious(D)proved,_A_8.obviatedtherepetition(A)madeunnecessary(B)prolonged(C)erased(D)hindered_D_9.incoherentstatement(A)profuse(B)relevant(C)stickingtogether(D)illogical_B_10.prominentadvocate(A)adept(B)notable(C)prudent(D)extravagant,