高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解九月精编（五）1

河南卫辉市2017高考英语阅读理解一轮（九月）精编（五）阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A lot of us lose lifes tough battles by starting a frontal attack-when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about the job. Although there was a good reason for Sams being late-serious illness at home-he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldnt work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech.Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room; everyone was hard at work. Sams supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. How do you do! he said. Im Sam Maynard. Im applying for a job, which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?The room exploded in laughter, except that the supervisor had to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job-with the only tool that could win, a laugh.Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying no, criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, its the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum.1. Why was Sam late for his job?A. Because he was seriously ill at home.B. Because he received an ultimatum.C. Because he was busy applying for a new job.D. Because he was caught in a traffic jam.2. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humor.B. Humor is important in our lives.C. Early bird can get the worm.D. Humor can solve racial discriminations.3. The phrase clamp off in Paragraph 3 means_.A. try to hold back B. pretend to set C. send off D. give out4. Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage?A. Many lose lifes battles for they are always late.B. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.C. It wasnt the first time that Sam came late for his work.D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.1、答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。由第一段第二句话 “, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about the job.”可知，Sam迟到是因为交通堵塞，故答案为D。2、答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨大意题。 结合文章第一段首句 “A lot of us lose lifes tough battles by starting a frontal attack-when a touch of humor might well enable us to win.”和最后一段首句 “Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.”可知，本文是阐述幽默在生活中的重要性。故答案为B。3、答案解析：答案为A。本题为词义推断题。结合划线部分的前后文，Sam屡次迟到，最后一次要被主管炒鱿鱼的时候，他进办公室却用幽默的方式和主管讲了个冷笑话“您好！我是Sam Maynard，我想申请一个35分钟之前空出来的位置，请问早到的鸟儿有虫吃吗？” 这个笑话惹得办公室的人哄堂大笑，由 “except that the supervisor had to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office.” 可知，除了主管不得不强忍着微笑回到自己的办公室，以维护自己的尊严。故答案为A。4、答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第一段第二句话 “Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about the job.”可知，Sam刚接到了老板的最后通牒后，却又遇到了交通堵塞，可以推断他经常迟到。故C选项正确。由第二段 Sam说的话“Im Sam Maynard. Im applying for a job, which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago.”可推断，35分钟前老板开除了他，因为没按时到岗，而他在9:35到达办公室，故可推断上班时间是9:00。故B选项错误。A选项未提及，D选项太绝对，均不选。【2014届高三英语摸底测试模拟试题】Turning left under a bridge in Beijing, Hu Xingxin, 24, suddenly braked to a stop in front of a yellow light at a busy crossroad.“According to the new traffic regulations, running a yellow light is equal to running a red one,” said the Beijing-based IT technician. “Since the new rules came into effect Im always ready to hit the brakes to avoid a penalty.”Authorities have since changed the rules and running a yellow light no longer results in a 6-point punishment.New traffic regulations are the latest measure to improve road safety, which has become a problem in China. Experts say that to achieve better road safety, various and comprehensive methods are needed. Updating the rules are only part of the story.According to the WHO (World Health Organization), traffic accidents kill more people around the world than malaria and are the leading cause of death for young people aged 5 to 29 - especially in developing countries. Each year up to 1.3 million people are killed and more than 50 million injured in traffic accidents around the world.The economic consequences are also significant: according to a study by the World Bank and Harvard University, traffic accidents on average cost a country 1 to 3 percent of its annual Gross National Product.The newly revised regulations impose much heavier punishment on drivers who violate traffic rules. Under the new regulations, 52 different violations result in penalties, up from 38 under the previous system.Eleven kinds of violations now result in the deduction of 12 points, compared to six points under the previous regulation. These violations include drunken driving and using fake license plates, as well as driving without a valid license.But traffic regulations are only one aspect of many regarding problems with road safety in China. Other components of road safety include technology and urban design.43. What is true according to the passage? A. Traffic accidents leads to very serious economic consequences. B. Malaria causes more deaths every year than traffic accidents. C. Running a yellow will result in a 6-point deduction. D. Most violators of the new traffic rules will end up in prison.44. The main reason of the new traffic regulations is _ A. to reduce economic loss. B. to limit the sale of alcohol. C. the requirement of the WHO. D. to make the road safer.45. Which violation will not lead to a deduction of 12 points? A. Drunken driving. B. Running a red light. C. Using fake license plates. D. Driving without a license.46. Which measure is not mentioned in the passage to improve road safety? A. A better design of the city. B. Proper application of advanced technology. C. More involvement of the government and organizations such as the WHO. D. Stricter traffic regulations.【参考答案】43-46 ADBC 阅读理解。Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a companys environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is tickingwe dont have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said. ( ) 1. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers environmental awareness.( ) 2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.A. affect B. change C. disturb D. reject( ) 3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissionsB. should buy carbon allowances for shoppersC. are required to make up for their carbon emissionsD. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere( ) 4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .A. have a strong desire to reduce costsB. use the same logo in their marketingC. gain advantages by taking early actionD. attract more shoppers by storing goods【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。现在顾客购物已经开始考虑环保的问题。面临顾客环保的心理需求，企业只有主动采取措施，减少排放，才会更好地赢得顾客的信赖，进而获得更好的收益1.答案 D。【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns”及最后一段第一句可知，企业因购买者的环保意识而去减排。故选D项。2.答案 A。【解析】词义猜测题。由本段中“while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy”可知，现在三分之二的顾客在购物时对环境的考虑比一年前程度加深了。因此A项符合句子意思3.答案 A。解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand”可以推断出：商业会受益于减排。因此A项符合文章。4.答案 C。【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers”可知，早采取行动减排的企业可以更好地吸引顾客。因此可以推断出C项。阅读理解。Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪)on its wings when young .They build their homes about 4.6m above the river ,an important feature(特征)for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside .The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip .Using these four claws ,together with the beak(喙),they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.( ) 1. What is the text mainly about? AHoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. BThe relatives and enemies of hoatzins. CPrimitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. DThe appearance and living habits of hoatzins.( ) 2. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that Athey look like young cuckoos Bthey have claws on the wings Cthey eat a lot like a cow Dthey live on river banks( ) 3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? AThey had claws to help them climb. BThey could fly long distances. CThey had four wings like hoatzins. DThey had a head with long feathers on the top.( ) 4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? ATo find more food. BTo protect themselves better. CTo keep themselves warm.DTo produce their young.1.选D。考查文章主题大意。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是hoatzin麝雉，这种鸟类的外貌以及生活习性。2.选B。根据第一段has claws(爪)on its wings when young,和第三段可知，hoatzin在幼年期是有爪子的，而长大学会飞之后就没有了。3.选A。关键是primitive“原始的，早期的”的意思。第三段第二句话。4.选D。最后一段最后一句话。【2014届高三英语摸底测试模拟试题】The works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth are boosters to the brain and better therapy than some guide books, researchers say this week.Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of the Bard and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind, catches the readers attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. Using scanners (扫描仪器), they monitored the brain activity of volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T.S Eliot and others.They then “translated” the original texts into more “straightforward”, modern language and again monitored the readers brains as they read the words.Scans showed that the more “challenging” essays and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the much plainer versions.Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it was “activated” as the readers encountered unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentence structure.This “activation” of the mind lasts longer, shifting the brain to a higher speed, encouraging further reading.The research also found that reading poetry, in particular, increases activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, helping the reader to reflect on their own experiences, which they compare with what they have read. This, according to the researchers, meant that the classic works were more useful than guide books.Philip Davis, an English professor believes The research shows the power of literature to shift thinking patterns, to create new thoughts, shapes and connections in the young and adults alike.”47. What does the underlined “it” stand for in paragraph 5? A. Each word of the literary works. B. A certain difficult sentence structure. C. The scanner. D. Brain activity. 48. How was the experiment carried out? The classics were rewritten in simpler languages. A readers brain activity was recorded when reading original Shakespeare. Compare the electrical activities of the brain. A readers brain activity was recorded when reading the revised versions.A. B. C. D. 49. What is the possible benefit of reading classic works according to the study? A. It would help increase the sale of Shakespeare plays. B. It helps readers learn more difficult grammar. C. It inspires regular readers to think out of the box. D. It forces readers to train the left hemisphere of their brain. 50. What might be the authors attitude towards reading classics as therapy? A. Doubtful B. Positive C. Indifferent D. Opposing【参考答案】47-50 DDCB