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TOEICVocabulary1-AdsforJobvacancy空位 leave休假 headoffice总公司 branchoffice分公司salesdepartment业务部accountingdepartment会计部promotion升迁demotion降级signup签雇用合约dismissal解雇president董事长superviso总管aletterofrecommendation推荐信bonus分红commute通勤Applicationsmustarrivenolaterthan申请函必须在之前到达Applicationsshouldbepostmarkednolatterthan申请函上邮戳在之前有效inflation-linkedpayincrease通货膨胀连动型调薪ispreferred认为比较好 isrequired是必须的isnegotiable是可商谈的labormanagement劳工管理labormarket劳工市场MasterofBusinessAdministration工商管理学硕士namesofreference保证人opening空缺part-timeposition兼职工作priorexperience过去的经历renewableforonlyonce仅可延长一次的合同salaryiscompetitive高薪transit中转 the positionis un-renewable此职位无法延长（合同）short-listedapplicants初审合格者inter-officememo公司内部便条billboard告示牌TOEICVocabulary-Announcement&Informationspecialoffer特卖farechange价格变动arrivalofaguest贵宾来访across-the-broad全盘的admissionfee入场费airfare航空费用assembly议会attraction吸引人之物claim主张collapse瓦解condition条件状况 currentfare现行价格deficit-ridden受举债之苦的evidence证据explicitly明确指出地farehike价格波动warrant权限inconclusively味觉状态的waterrates水费farereduction降价harbinger预兆implicitly暗含的roomcharge住房费scapegoat替罪provisional暂时的tentativelyrequirement必要条件reveal损失，透露TOEICVocabulary-BusinessLettersaccount交易对象closeadeal成交makeacontract签约breakacontract毁约exhibition展示会presentation发布会bilateraltrade双边贸易carshipment汽车出口collapse决裂dumping倾销embargo禁止通商fiscalyear会计年度gaincompliance获得承认grant无偿帮助importduties进口关税makeconcession让步margin盈余officialstatistics官方统计references照会对象self-restraint自我设限terms支付条款tradedeficit贸易赤字tradesurplus贸易盈余untiedloan自由融资WorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织telephonebill电话账单TOEICVocabulary-Contractaffiliation附属annualwageincrease年薪调升callfor要求 collectivebargaining集体交涉contract合同convention大会coordination协调employee雇员employer雇工labor劳工laboraccident劳工灾害laborcontract劳工合同labor-managementstruggle劳资斗争penalregulation惩罚规则proposal提议protest抗议reachanagreement达成协议stageastrike发起罢工termsofcontract合同条款wage实施theJapaneseTradeUnionConfederation日本劳工团体联盟therighttostrike罢工权therighttowork工作权wagedispute薪金争议workinghours工作时间TOEICVocabulary-Invitationwritesomeoneover请人来thank-younote致谢函get-together亲朋好友的聚会cocktailparty以喝酒为主的聚会dress-upparty必须盛装赴会的宴会acceptancespeech（提名之）接受演说after-dinnerspeech餐后演说awardceremony颁奖仪式dedication献辞deliveranaddress发表演说expressonescondolenceover悼念farewelladdress告别演说inauguralceremony就职演说nominationspeech提名演说openingceremony开幕仪式partyconvention当大会payatributeto向致赞美之词pianorecital钢琴演奏会publicationparty出版招待会weddingbanquet婚宴welcomeparty欢迎会yourecordiallyinvitedto竭诚欢迎您的光临 TOEICVocabulary-NewspaperArticle actionplan行动计划afterward-lookingposture后顾的姿态approveprotocol批准协议书assumeoffice就任bilateraltrade两国间的贸易coalitiongovernment联合政府economicsummit经济峰会forward-lookingposture前瞻的姿态infavorof支持incumbentpresident现任总统interpellation质询itinerary路线，日程表launch开始legalground法律依据mainstreamfaction主流派militarybuildup增强军备multi-lateralrelations多边关系Diet国会newsagency新闻通讯社oppositionparty反对党publicpledge公开宣言resumetalks重开会谈rulingparty执政党runinelection参选sectionalism派系主义tradefriction贸易摩擦troubleshooter调解纠纷的人withdraw撤退，取钱TOEICVocabulary-SportsMatchbaseball棒球football美式足球soccer英式足球tennis网球volleyball排球tabletennis乒乓球swimmingscubadiving潜水surfing冲浪sailing帆船比赛water-skiing滑水rowing划船sledding滑雪橇skating溜冰horsebackriding骑马hiking徒步旅行archrival劲敌contestant选手clearthequalifyinground通过预赛dope服兴奋剂consolationmatchtodecidethirdplace决出第三名的安慰赛dopingcheck药物检查elimination淘汰thefinalround决赛holdatournament举办大会home-town当地的makeareservation预约theopeninggame开场赛pacesettler领跑者play-off加赛preliminary预赛quarterfinals四分之一决赛record-breaking破纪录的runner-up亚军seed种子选手season-ticket赛季联赛securethesecondplace得第二名semifinals半决赛sportslottery体育彩票superpartisansupport超党派支持ticketagency售票处underdog败方winthecontest获胜goalkeeper守门员defense后卫jersey运动衫 TOEICVocabulary-StatisticalFigures bankaccountbalance银行的存款realestatetransaction房地产交易creditcard信用卡utilities水电气费currencyexchange货币兑换aslongas只要asmanyas多达asmuchas和一样多checkingaccount活期存款acute敏锐的affluent丰富的approvalrating支持率beontheincrease增加中deathof缺乏deathtoll死亡人数fastfading急速消失hamper阻碍，抑制long-standing经年累月的moneymarketingaccount利息高、每月开支票数有限制的存款账户mortgage抵押outofcontrol失去控制outofonesreach力所不能及之处preliminarystandard预选标准prestigious有名声的prospect预估recession衰退，不景气soar上升，突破short-term短期的surpass超越specialsupplement特别附录vicinity临近TOEICVocabulary-StatisticsGraph bargraph条线图linegraph曲线图piegraph扇形图opinionsurvey民意调查demographics人口统计exchangerate汇率变化birthrate出生率approvalrate支持率findings调查结果advancedage高龄alternative替代性amountto达到attheageof在岁时campaign活动covert秘密的，（反）overt公开的incontrastto与相反的juveniledelinquency少年犯罪prevalent盛行的priorto先于probe严密的调查problematic有问题的projections预测，推测registeradrop显现出下降情况replacement替代screening试镜successive相继的unstable不安定的suspension暂时中止tabulation表格takeapool进行民意调查widespread广泛普及的witness目击者tumultuous激昂的turnout集合的人群 TOEICVocabulary-Travelline铁路线passengercar客车厢freightcar货车厢diningcar餐车厢 conductor乘务员expresstrain快车 localtrain慢车junction列车枢纽站 transfer转乘on/behind/aheadofschedule准时/晚点/提前one-waytripticket单程票round-tripticket往返票 lane车道turnpike收费高速公路shortcut捷径cutcorners抄近路trafficjam交通堵塞airturbulence乱流arrivals到达aviationsources航空信息来源backroundtripticket返程票crew机组成员cumulonimbus积雨云currencyexchange货币兑换departures处罚航班evacuate撤退gooffonatrip外出旅行havetirespunctured爆胎intersection交叉路口non-refundable不可退款的non-stop直达车onboard乘（船、飞机等）oppositeside相反方向out-of-courtsettlement庭外和解out-of-servicetrain回程车overbook超过既定预约人数passengerjetliners喷气式客机derail脱轨reconfirmation再确认servicecharge服务费subway地铁trespassinnationalairspace侵犯领空trek长途跋涉之旅TOEICVocabulary-TV&Radioallegedly据称astayofexecutive缓刑aviationhistory航空史breakoutin在发生casualty死伤者collidewith与冲撞crack龟裂crash坠机damages损害赔偿金defendant被告derail脱轨devastating破坏性的drawing抽签emergencylanding紧急迫降inheritance继承hasbeenmissing行踪不明hit袭击jolt晃动lottery彩票minor未成年人officialcommunique正式公报plaintiff原告，起诉者prosecution起诉property财产rock（地震等）前后摇晃runinto冲撞thesecondworstdisaster第二严重的灾难takeplace发生TOEICVocabulary-WeatherReportshower阵雨storm暴风雨rainstorm雨暴 rainfall降雨量raincatsanddogs倾盆大雨 hail冰雹lighteningrod避雷针 sleet雨夹雪heavysnowfall大雪blizzard大风雪breeze微风tornado龙卷风windvelocity风速temperature气温thermometer温度计humidity湿度 atmosphericpressure气压flood洪水avalanche雪崩Antarctic南极 Arctic北极bespawned发生（台风等） blastofcoldair冷空气来袭centralbarometricreading中心气压chill寒气的coldwave寒流crisp舒爽的exploration探险队heatwavebreaks热浪消失heavyfog浓雾MeteorologicalAgency气象局mildwinter暖冬raincloud雨云photochemicalsmog光化学烟雾scorching酷热的sizzling（水滚热时的）嘶嘶声taperoff逐渐停止tropicaldepression热带低气压typhoonarea台风圈visibility可见度warmcurrent暖流weatherstation气象台weatherperson天气预报员wintry冬天般的shapeup成型，发展fairsky美丽的天空spell意味着lightwind轻风muggy闷热的precipitation雨量TOEICVocabulary2AboutAccountingaccountantn.会计(员),会计师CPA:CertifiedPublicAccountantauditn.审计,稽核,查帐vt.稽核,旁听vi.查账auditorn.审计员,核数师financialstatements财务报表incomestatement(P/L)损益表profitandloss balancesheet(B/S)资产平衡表cashflowstatement(C/S)现金流量表closethebook结算表cut-offdate结算日transaction交易profit/loss利益/损失net净GDPsales销售grossmargin毛利，总利润generalandadministrativeexpense一般管理费 operatingincome营业利润earning收益revenue收入expense费用pre-tax税前taxprovison税金bottomline最终损益inventory库存accountsreceivable应收账款accountspayable应付账款depreciationn.贬值,减价,跌落,折旧amortizationn.摊销,摊还,分期偿付n.分期偿还writeoff注销，取消cashequivalents现金等价物asset资产liability负债stockholdersequity股东资产currrentasset/fixedasset流动资产/固定资产contingencyn.偶然,可能性,意外事故,可能发生的附带事件retainedearnings剩余资金offbalance不平衡，账外undervalue低估turnover周转accrualbasis发生制cashbasis现金制consolidated加固的；整理过的；统一的tax-effect征税效应windowdressingn.橱窗装饰AboutFinancefiscalyear财年quarter季度termn.学期,期限,期间,条款,条件,术语financialadj.财政的,金融的budgetn.预算vi.做预算,编入预算profitmarginn.利润率，利润profitableadj.有利可图的markup标高价格gain n.财物的增加,财富的获取,利润,腰槽,收获operatingexpense营业费用overhead一般管理费用purchasingexpense购买费用expenditure支出，经费rentofpremises企业租赁费billinginvoicing记帐retrenchvt.紧缩,节约,减少,删除,给.筑围墙vi.紧缩,节省directcost/indirectcost直接成本/间接成本unitcost单价debtn.债务,罪过principaln.负责人,首长,校长,主犯,本金adj.主要的,首要的interestrate利率defaultn.默认(值),缺省(值),食言,不履行责任,v.疏怠职责,缺席,拖欠,默认dividendn.被除数,股息,红利,额外津贴,奖金,年息return利润rateofreturn利润率loan-lossprovisions/bad-loanprovisions坏账准备AboutCompanypublic-heldcorporation上市公司 smalltomediumcompanies中小企业momsandpops家族企业 start-upcompany初创企业 angel个人投资者incubatorn.培养的器具,孵卵器,早产儿保育器 corporation企业 enterprise企业firm公司affiliatecompany关联企业headquarters总部subsidiary子公司wholly-owned全资的branch分部arm分店，子公司parentcompany父公司holdingcompany控股公司conglomerate联合体jointventure合资企业franchisern.经销商,代销商consortiumn.社团,协会,联盟departmentn.部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部division部门foundv.建立,创立,创办,使有根据,铸造,熔制incorporateadj.合并的,结社的,一体化的articlesofincorporation企业条款sectorn.部分,部门,计扇区,地区,象限,扇形globalreachadj.球形的,全球的,全世界的multinationaladj.多国的,跨国公司的,多民族的n.多国籍公司,跨国公司localpartner当地合作伙伴belocatedin位于leadingadj.领导的,第一位的,最主要的AboutManagementcompetitiveedge竞争优势keyplayer核心选手，主力monopolyn.垄断,垄断者,专利权,专利事业collaborationn.协作,通敌productportfolio产品目录rangen.山脉,行列,范围,射程strategyn.策略,军略tacticsn.战术,策略targetmarket目标市场corebusiness核心业务corecompetence核心能力synergy(=synergism)协同,配合,企业合并后的协力优势或协合作用alliancen.联盟,联合mergersandacquisitions(M&A)并购takeovern.接收；接管TOB(Takeoverbid)股票公开买卖MBO(managementbuy-out)买下产权，买下管理权viableadj.能养活的,能生育的,可行的profitableadj.有利可图的break-evenpoint平衡点lucrativeadj.有利的turnaround扭转，翻转streamlineadj.流线型的realignmentn.重新排列,再结盟consolidationn.巩固,合并rationalizev.合理化restructurevt.更改结构,重建构造,调整,改组diversifyv.使多样化,作多样性的投资spinoffn.将子公司股票分配给母公司股东disclosuren.揭发,败露,败露的事情accountabilityn.有责任,有义务,可说明性solventadj.溶解的,有偿付能力的,有溶解力n.溶媒,溶剂,解决方法collapsen.倒塌,崩溃,失败,虚脱vi.倒塌,崩溃,瓦解,失败,病倒gobust失败破产完蛋ailingadj.生病的,境况不佳的liquidatev.清算shutdown关闭commercen.商业feasibilitystudyn.可行性研究duediligence资产调查letterofintent意向书AboutBoardMembersboardofdirectorsChiefOperatingOfficer(COO)ChiefFinancialOfficer(CFO)ChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO)chairpersonn.主席presidentn.总统,会长,校长,行长managementdirector经理vicepresident副总统，副会长executive执行者，管理人员controllern.管理员,控制器seniormanager高级经理supervisorn.监督人,管理人,检查员,督学,主管人hierarchyn.层次层级flat扁平的corporateladder企业职阶bureaucracyn.官僚,官僚作风,官僚机构tenuren.(土地等的)使用和占有,(官职等的)保有,任期,(土地)使用期限deputyn.代理人,代表incumbentadj.职责所在的,负有.义务的entrepreneurn.企业家,主办人tycoonn.企业界大亨,将军decision-makingn.决策adj.决策的AboutInvestmentventurecapital风险资本shareholder股东majoritystake占大股institutionalinvestor/buyer机构投资者investorrelations(IR)投资者关系brokeragehouse经纪行stockexchange股票交易所boursen.交易所dividendn.被除数,股息,红利,额外津贴,奖金,年息yieldv.出产,生长,生产n.产量,收益IPO(initialpublicoffering)首次公开募股Stock股票share股份securitiesn.有价证券equitiesn.公平,公正,公平的事物,资产净值,律平衡法ordinaryshare普通股votingrights投票权perferenceshare优先股bluechips蓝筹股bond债券commoditiesn.日用品期货warrantsn.授权,正当理由,根据,证明,凭证,委任状,批准,许可证derivativesadj.引出的,系出的futuresn.期货speculationn.思索,做投机买卖insidertrading内部人员交易fraudn.欺骗,欺诈行为,诡计,骗子,假货manipulationn.处理,操作,操纵,被操纵nosedive（飞机）俯冲，急降gain=boost,surge/balloon/soar/spurt/upsurge/jump上升reboundn.回弹v.回弹bottomout底部割肉recovervt.重新获得,恢复,使改过regainground收复失地sell-off/dump倾销，廉价卖光fluctuatevi.变动,波动,涨落,上下,动摇vt.使动摇,使波动,使起伏rallyv.重整旗鼓,给予新力量,(使)恢复健康,力量,决心,集结n.集会profit-taking获利了结bull牛 erraticadj.无确定路线,不稳定的,奇怪的volatileadj.飞行的,挥发性的,可变的,不稳定的,轻快的,爆炸性的bumpyadj.(道路等)颠簸的,崎岖不平的downturn/upturn低迷/好转consecutiveadj.连续的,联贯的AboutcompensationandBenefitsbeentitledto有资格的beeligibleto/for有资格的minimumwage最低工资paycheck薪水payroll薪水册，工资名单remunerationn.报酬performance-relatedpay根据业绩的工资制度hourlypayroll/hourlywage时薪retirementallowance退休津贴severancepayment辞退工资raise加薪incentiven.动机adj.激励的awardn.奖,奖品vt.授予,判给healthinsurancebenefits健康保险补贴fringebenefits小额补贴benefitpackagewelfare福利allowance津贴，补助subsidizedcanteen伙食补助maternityleave产假maternitypay育儿期工资paidholiday/paidleave带薪假期AboutProductioninnovationn.改革,创新laboratoryn.改革,创新benchmark计基准patentn.专利权,执照,专利品intellectualpropertyrights知识产权royaltyn.皇室,王权infringev.破坏,侵犯,违反stateoftheart一流的cutting-edge最新的，最尖端的sophisticatedadj.诡辩的,久经世故的ubiquitousadj.到处存在的,(同时)普遍存在的gadgetn.小器具,小配件,小玩意,诡计manufacturingn.制造业productn.产品,产物,乘积outputn.产量,输出,输出量plantn.植物,庄稼,工厂,车间,设备vt.种植,栽培,培养,安置vi.种植operationn.运转,操作,实施,作用,业务,工作,手术,军事行动rotationn.旋转capacityn.容量,生产量,容量,智能,才能,能力,接受力,地位shortagen.不足,缺乏assemblyline装配线defectiveadj.有缺陷的,(智商或行为有)欠缺的n.有缺陷的人,不完全变化动词lemon次品facilityn.容易,简易,灵巧,熟练,便利,敏捷,设备,工具inspectionn.检查,视察turnovern.翻覆,翻折,半圆卷饼,流通量,营业额,周转duplicaten.复制品,副本vt.复写,复制,使加倍,使成双vendorn.卖主suppliern.供应者,补充者,厂商,供给者procurev.获得,取得subcontractn.转包合同in-house内部的componentn.成分adj.组成的,构成的rawmaterials原材料modulen.模数,模块,登月舱,指令舱BTO(BuildtoOrder)订单式生产AboutContractterminatev.停止,结束,终止termsandconditions条款signaturen.签名,署名,信号sealn.封铅,封条,印,图章,密封vt.封,密封n.海豹,海豹毛皮SEAL简明英汉词典=Sea,Air,andLand海,空,陆takeeffect生效expirev.期满,终止,呼气,断气,届满waivev.放弃offendv.犯罪,冒犯,违反,得罪,使.不愉快breachn.违背,破坏,破裂,裂口vt.打破,突破secureadj.安全的,可靠的,放心的,无虑的draftn.草稿,草案,草图vt.起草,为.打样,设计statutoryadj.法令的,法定的complywithvi.顺从,答应,遵守apply适用fulfill履行，完成executevt.执行,实行,完成,处死,制成,律经签名盖章等手续使(证书)生效Executevt.-cuted,-cuting执行；实行obligationn.义务,职责,债务restrictvt.限制,约束,限定disclosevt.揭露,透露grantvt.同意,准予,承认(某事为真)exclusiveadj.排外的,孤高的,唯我独尊的,独占的,唯一的,高级的inaccordancewith/pursuantto与一致stipulatev.规定,保证providefor准备referto提到interestedparty/partyconcerned感兴趣方said上述的saiditemsaidpersonshall/may将/会licensorn.认可证颁发者deemv.认为,相信liableadj.有责任的,有义务的,负有责任的liabilityn.责任,义务,债务,负债,与assets相对settlementn.沉降,解决,结算,殖民,殖民地AboutBusinessTripuprightpositionadj.垂直的位置，正确的位置fastenvt.扎牢,扣住,闩住,拴紧,使固定,系,集中于,强加于vi.扣紧,抓住carry-onluggage随身携带的行李stowv.装载personalbelongings个人物品refreshmentsn.点心,饮料,精力恢复,爽快aisleseatn.走廊,过道turbulencen.骚乱,动荡,(液体或气体的)紊乱headsetn.戴在头上的耳机或听筒crewn.全体人员,(工作)队blanketn.毯子vt.覆盖toiletriesn.化妆品stub存根altituden.(尤指海拔)高度,高处longtitude经度latitude纬度boundfor:开往，飞往TheflightboundforMilan.stopovern.中途停留runwayn.飞机跑道,斜坡跑道,河道departure/arrival启程/到达disembarkationn.起岸,登陆immigrationn.外来的移民,移居入境immigrationformn.外来的移民,移居入境quarantinen.检疫,隔离,(政治或商业上的)封锁,检疫期间vt.检疫,使在政治或商业上孤立metaldetector金属探测器baggageclaim行李申领carouseln.喧闹的酒会lostandfound失物招领处duty-free免税的itineraryn.路线faren.费用,旅客,食物souvenirn.纪念品jetlag时差consulaten.领事,领事馆,领事任期,领事的职位、权力和职责expatriatevt.逐出国外,脱离国籍,放逐vi.移居国外n.亡命国外者islandhopping岛屿旅行accommodationsn.住处,膳宿conciergen.看门人,门房receptiondesk咨询台，前台wake-upcall叫醒电话服务AboutIndustrialSectorsmachineryn.总称机器,机械aerospacen.航空宇宙aviationn.航空宇宙NASAconstructionn.建筑,建筑物,解释,造句generalcontractorn.总订约人,总承包人civilengineering民用工程petroleumn.石油pharmaceuticaln.药物adj.制药(学)上的cosmeticsn.化妆品adj.化妆用的beveragen.饮料distillern.蒸馏酒者,蒸馏器retailn.零售logisticsn.后勤学,后勤outplacementservice职业服务telecommunicationn.电讯,长途通讯,无线电通讯,电信学publishingadj.出版的,出版业的advertisingn.广告业,广告adj.广告的amusement/entertainmentn.娱乐,消遣,娱乐活动tradingfirmn.贸易公司insurancen.保险,保险单,保险业,保险费healthcaren.卫生保健fisheryn.渔业,水产业,渔场,养鱼术forestryn.林产,森林地,林学agro-industryn.(化肥制造、仓库建筑等)农用工业AboutCommutingandTrafficcommute:通勤tramn.有轨电车,电车轨道,煤车,吊车v.乘电车transfern.迁移,移动,传递,转移,调任,转帐,过户,转让freeway高速公路expresswaytollbooth交费处tollgateoverpassn.天桥,陆桥vt.胜过,通过,忽视intersectionn.数交集,十字路口,交叉点median中间隔离带deadend死胡同detour绕路crosswalkn.人行横道(供行人穿越道路用)gasstation加油站unleadedadj.无铅的，不含铅的（汽油）fillitup加满油jammedvt.挤进,使塞满,混杂,压碎,使堵塞vi.堵塞,轧住,拥挤bumper-to-bumper一辆接一辆的vehiclen.交通工具,车辆,媒介物,传达手段automobilen.交通工具,车辆,媒介物,传达手段passengervehiclen.乘客,旅客pick-upn.提取,搭便车SUV(sport-utilityvehicle)越野车tow-truck拖车wreckerfront-wheeldrive前轮驱动hoodn.头巾,兜帽,车蓬,引擎罩v.用头巾包裹,给.加罩,覆盖rear-viewmirror反光镜，后视镜steeringwheel方向盘windshieldn.挡风玻璃turnsignal转向灯horn喇叭fuel-cell-powered以燃料电池为电源的hybridn.杂种,混血儿,混合物adj.混合的,杂种的mileagen.英里数,英里里程flattire爆胎skidn.刹车speedingn.超速行驶collisionn.碰撞,冲突rollover翻车hit-and-run肇事逃逸AboutInsuranceandPensionmedicalbenefits医疗保险制度dentalplans医疗保险制度premiumn.额外费用,奖金,奖赏,保险费,(货币兑现的)贴水coveragen.覆盖contributionn.捐献,贡献,投稿medicalinsurance医疗保险damageinsurance伤害保险insurern.保险业者,保险公司insuredn.被保险者,保户adj.加入保险的recipient接受方paid-upadj.已付的claimn.要求,要求权,主张,要求而得到的东西vt.要求,认领,声称,主张,需要spousen.配偶(指夫或妻)dependentadj.依靠的,依赖的,由.决定的,随.而定的deductionn.减除,扣除,减除额,推论,演绎incometax所得税AboutMarketingbanneradvertising横幅广告pop-upads弹出广告billboard公告板spams垃圾邮件frontpage首页tag-line收尾语high-profile高调recognitionn.赞誉,承认,重视,公认,赏识识别awarenessn.知道,晓得attractiveadj.吸引人的,有魅力的sessionn.说明会surveyn.测量,调查,俯瞰,概观,纵览,视察questionnairen.调查表,问卷respondentadj.回答的n.回答者consumerpanel消费者协会focusgroup关注人群segmentn.段,节,片断v.分割differentiationn.区别upstreamadv.向上游,溯流,逆流地adj.溯流而上的CS(customersatisfaction)消费者满意度consumern.消费者niche
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