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Module Five Unit Two The Environment 本单元在【跟踪检测】中没有涉及新高考的阅读简答题，但牵手课堂中有以此形式命题，与Unit 1和Unit 3 不统一有关系吗？ 【背景导学】 牵手课堂根据短文内容回答下列问题：The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most serious. Its bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.1. How many kinds of pollution are mentioned in this passage? _2. Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. What does “it” mean here? _3 For what reason is our world becoming much smaller? _ 4.Why is Air pollution the most serious kind of pollution ? _(no more than 10 words）1.Three 2. Noise pollution3.For science development 4.Because its bad for all living things in the world阅读导学根据短文内容，完成下面短文填空，每填一词。 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Mr.Li. That was an interesting speech. It is 1 that you are concerned about the present situation of our environment. 2 an economist, Im often seen as being against the environment .When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or a pipe pouring chemical waste 3 a river. They think of greedy businessmen hiding 4 their reponsibilities to the environment and only thinking about money. People often think that economic development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true. 5 Im here to say is that having working side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible 6 the same time. There are many factories and industries 7 control the amount of pollution they produce ,are are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause. The people 8 these factories are very concerned about the environment, We need to stop thinking of companies and money as the enemy.答案：1.obvious 2.As 3.into 4.from 5.What 6.at 7.which8. running【考点讲练】词汇通关：I.重点单词1. n 经济学 adi 经济的 n.经济学家 2. v 保护，保存 n. 保护，保存 3. n.环境. adj.环境的4. n.工业 adj.工业的 5. n. 毒 adj.有毒的6. v.污染 n.污染7. v.生产 n.生产 adj.生产的8. v. 有益于 n.利益，好处 adj.有益的 9. v.检查，视察 n. 检查，视察 10. _n.责任_adj有责任的, 负责的II.短语1.in _ 另外 2.wipe_ 扫除，消灭3._eggs下蛋 4.have a _effect on 对。有持久的影响。5.at the _time在同时 6.be _about 关心7.side_side 肩并肩 8.cut_on削减，缩减，减少 9.open the_自由发言 10.be seen_被看成.11.ask_四处打听 12.be _to do sth 愿意做。答案：1:重点单词：1. economy；economic；economist 2.preserve; preservation 3.environment; environmental 4.industry; industrial 5.poison;poisonous 6.pollute;pollution, 7produce; production productive 8.benefit; benefit; beneficial 9.inspect; inspection 10.responsibility;responsibleII:重点短语1.addition 2.out 3.lay 4.lasting 5.same 6.concerned7.by 8.back 9.floor 10. as 11.around 12.willing Parts1-2 Welcome to the unit Reading语句研习1.We are following our usual schedule for debate.(page 22, lines 6-7)我们将按我们一贯的辩论程序进行。debate 在此句做n：辩论。它还可做v：辩论，争辩Eg:A fierce debate on the tax cut is going on.一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈地进行着。We have been debating about current affairs recently.我们最近就时事问题一直在进行辩论。【思维拓展】debate about sth with sb 与某人争论。debate with oneself 独自考虑，心中 盘算beyond debate 无可争辩open a debate 展开辩论hold a debate 举行辩论a heated debate 一场激烈的辩论debate ,argue 和discuss的用法比较(1) debate 辩论的目的在于说服对方。(2) argue指条理清晰地陈述赞成或反对的理由。(3) discuss则从不同的观点出发与某人讨论某事【即时演练】用debate, argue 和discuss 的适当形式填空。（1） we_ for several hours before taking a vote.（2） Were here to _what we can do to prevent crime.（3） They were_ about how to spend the money.答案：（1）debated (2) discuss (3) arguing2.Then we will open the floor for discussion(page 22,line 8) 之后我们将展开自由讨论。句中the floor 意思 “（在会上的）发言权”【思维拓展】get/have/be given the floor取得发言权hold the floor 长篇大论地发言【即时演练】-I wonder whether the policy of the freedom of speech can be strictly carried out at the coming conference.-Of course. Everyone has the right to _for the debate.（B）A. compete B. take the floor C. voice D. take part解析:compete.vi.参与竞争是：compete in doing sth； take the floor(在会议上)发言；voice.vt,表达，直接接宾语；take part参加，不接宾语。根据题意，本题选B3.If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice them.（page22,lines8-9)如果大家有任何问题或评论，可以利用这个时间段来提问或者发表见解。（1） comment v & n 常与介词 on 连用 评论，议论Have you any comments to make on the recent developments?你对最近的事态的发展有什么评论吗？He commented on the weather.他就天气发表了自己的看法。批评，指责The results are a clear comment on government education policy.这些结果是对政府教育政策明显的批评。即时演练（1） The interviewers made a lot of helpful_ about his performance.（2009.湖北黄岗模拟题）A. complains B. explanation C. effects D. comments.句意为“面试者对他的表现作了很多有益的评价”complain 抱怨；explanation解释 ；effect效果； comment评论，评价答案 D(2) Some students volunteered to make a speech in the English class, and our teacher asked us to make some _on their performance.（2009.湖北重点中学联考题）A. comments. B opinions C. questions D. choices解析 make comments on sth:对某事作出评论答案 A（2）句中的voice 是及物动词，意思是“表达，表露（感情或意见）”。如：When finding they were deprived of the right to vote, they voiced their anger.当发现被剥夺了选举的权利，他们表达了自己的愤怒。voice 还可作名词，表示“看法，呼声，意见，发言权”。如：Since we were not present when the accident happened, we had no voice in it.因为事故发生时我们不在场，对它我们没有发言权。（3）sound.voice 和 noise 的区别sound 指人听到的物体振动所发出的声音。如：I cant hear a sound.我一点声音也听不到。voice 指“嗓音”尤指人的说话声或唱歌声，也可指电台之声或鸟的声音。I could hear voices in the next room.我能听到隔壁说话的声音。The birds voice is very beautiful.鸟的声音非常悦耳。noise 指不悦耳的声音，如噪音，杂音，吵闹声。如：Dont make any noise, children.孩子们，别再吵了。即时演练：用sound，voice或noise 的适当的形式填空。1.This is the _of America.2. I heard a strange_.3. He raised his _ in order to be heard.4. I dont like the _ of the city.5. He _his deep love for his mother.6. Before the plan comes into effect, Id like to hear the _ of you.答案：1.Voice 2.sound 3.voice 4.noises 5.voiced 6.voice4、I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.(page 22,lines 10-11)我今天跟你们谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而破坏的。（1）句中的the way +定语从句（way后面的关系代词可用that/in which或省略），表示“做。的方式、方法”。E.g: To my surprise, the boy I talked with yesterday walks the way (that/in which) his father does.注意：the way 后面还可以接to do sth or of doing sth作定语Eg：We still have a long way to go to solve all the problem concerning the Yangtze RiverIm not happy with this way of working.【思维拓展】all the way:一路上，自始至终by the way：顺便提一下by way of ：路经；经过in a way ：在某种程度上in the sbs way :妨碍；挡着。的路out of the way：不再挡路；不再碍事no way:不可能，决不；不行the other way round:相反，反过来under way：在进行中make ones way向前，一路前进feel ones way摸索着前进fight ones way拼、打出道路push ones way推挤着前行wind ones way蜿蜒向前force ones way out挤出去，冲出去push ones way in挤进去lose ones way:迷路【即时演练】1. Why not go to Xian _Beijing so that you can visit some places of interest in Beijing?（B）A. by the way B.by way of C.under way D.in a wayby the way顺便提一下;by way of路经,经过；under way 在进行中；in a way在某种程度上。根据句意，本题选B .2._, failure is more meaningful than success to a persons future.(D)A. In the way B. By way of C. Under way D .In a way解析: 根据句意，本题选D ,in a way:在某种程度上3.The construction of our new school is_(C)A. all the way B. on the way C. under way D. in a way解析: 根据句意，本题选C under way : ：在进行中（2）此句中的damage是做动词:损害，破坏eg. Smoking seriously damages your health.damage 还可做不可数名词和可数名词。不可数名词其意思是 “损坏，破坏；损害，伤害”Eg. The storm didnt cause much damage.暴风雨并末有造成严重损失。This could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.这可能对国家的经济造成严重破坏。可数名词其意思是：损害赔偿金。He was ordered to pay damages totalling $100,000.他被责令支付总额为十万美元的损害赔偿金。辨析damage, destroy, ruin, harm 的用法及区别（1） damage,是破坏，常常是局部的或可以修复的。E.g；The storm did a lot of damage(2) destroy 强调以具有摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉，不可修复。Why, you wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects.（3） ruin亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous rain.持续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些庄稼。（4） harm往往暗示 “不良后果”，所指 “伤害”往往是抽象或笼统 ，被损害的对象可以是抽象事物，如人的健康，权利等。Smoking seriously harmed his health.抽烟严重损害了他的健康。【即时演练】Iam afraid that you will _your bright future if you continue to be so casual on your work.( C )(2009)福州模拟题A. destroy B. harm C. ruin D. damagedestroy 是及物动词，指拆毁（如建筑物等）也可指精神上的摧毁（名誉，努力等），造成的是彻底的毁坏，不可以修复；harm 也是及物动词，表示“伤害，损害”，有时可与injure 换用，特指伤及一个人或其心智，健康、权利等；ruin为及物动词，表示“使成为废墟，崩溃”也可用来表引申意义如 “毁掉前程”；damage 只是造成局部的破坏，可以修复。根据题意，本题选C。2. The building was completely _by fire.(A)A. destroyed B. harmed C. ruined D. damaged解析同上，根据题意，本题选A5、The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.(page 22,line 13)由工厂制造出来的废物进入大气中，导致我们生病。（1）create 的用法vt 创造，创建，创造。 God created the world.上帝创造了世界。 A novelist created characters and a plot 小说家创造了人物并设计故事情节。造成，引起，产生（感觉或印象）The company is trying to create a young energetic image.这家公司正试图塑造一个充满活力的年轻形象。（2）sick和ill的用法及区别sick和ill都有“生病的”意思 。此句中的sick也可用illEg: Having been sick for more than two weeks, my mother is too weak to go to hospital by herself.由于我老妈生病两周多，所以我老妈很虚弱，不能独自去医院。sick 可表示“厌恶的”； “想呕吐的”的意思，但ill 没有这些意思Being sick of waiting for buses now and then, my father decided to buy a car.由于厌烦不时等车，所以我老爸决定买一辆车。作前置定语时，sick 表示“生病的”，而ill 则表示“恶毒的，坏的，有害的”eg:The ill man really made it disgusting to treat so sick a woman in such a rude way.这个坏人以如此粗暴的方式对待如此病重的妇女，真让人气愤。ill可以作副词，意思是“坏地”相当于badly,而sick不可以作副词。Eg: What if you are constantly spoken ill of on different occasions?如果有人在不同的场合不断地讲你的坏话，你该怎么办？【即时演练】用sick 和ill填空1).The _mother left her _ daughter alone in the hospital and went home.2).Dont speak _of others答案：1）ill; sick 2)ill6. In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats.（page22,line16)此外，捕捞船正在将大量的海洋生物赶尽杀绝。addition. U 增加； C 增加物In addition 另外，此外In addition to sth./doing sth= as well as; besidesEg: Additions are made to the list from time to time.清单的内容不断有所扩充。There is, in addition, one further point to make.此外，还有一点要说。In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experiences.课程除了介绍一般的电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会即时演练：These new books are a very welcome _to the school library.( A )A. addition B. arrival C. attitude D. audience7. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving then time to lay eggs.(page 22,lines16-17)这些捕捞船不捞大量的鱼类，根本不让它们有产卵的时间。lie/lay(1) lie vi躺，卧；处于。状态；存在，位于。He is lying on the ground, looking at the sky.A map of china lies on the table.The answer lies in the research.Japan lies/is to the east of China.(2) vi.说谎He lied to me that he had a stomachache.(3)lay:放置；产卵，下蛋Please lay the book on the desk.The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds nests.杜鹃鸟在其它鸟巢中产蛋。注意：牢记 lie 与 lay 不同的词义，词性及四种基本形式：lie lay lain lying vi. 躺，卧；位于lay laid laid laying vt.放置；产卵 lied lied lied lying vi.撒谎【即时演练】The boy _on the ground _to me that he had seen the cock _ an egg,(A)A. lying,lied,lay B. lay, lied, layC.lay, lied, lying D. lying, lain, lay第一空填lying，lying on the ground表示“躺在地上”作后置定语，修饰the boy,第二空是作谓语的,lie to sb是对某人说谎，lie 的过去式，在其后直接加 “d”；第三空是see sb/sth do sth,下蛋:lay an egg/eggs所以填动词原形。此题选A8.The worlds population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800.(page22,lines 21-22)目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的6倍多(page 22,lines 20-21)（1）population 的用法询问人口的多少的提问时，。不用how much,而用what 或how large.如： What/How much is the population of Hunan? 湖南的人口是多少？表示人口的“多”或“少”，不用much 或little,而用large 或small.如：The population of China is much larger than that of America.中国的人口比美国的人口要多得多。population 常用作不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，但当主语表示“人口的几分之几是什么人”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：The population of China is more than 1.3 billion.中国的人口是十三亿多。80 percent of the population of China are peasants.中国人口的百分之80 是农民。表示“有。人口”，常用 “have a population of ”China has a population of about 1.3 billion.中国有大约13 亿人口。即时演练：1.The population of this city, forty percent of which _,_20% in the last three years.(答案为A)A. are Germans; has risen by B. are German; has fallen byC. is Germans; have increases to D. is Germans; have been reduced by2. The population of our village today is 70 percent as much as _before liberation.A. these B. those C. them D. that （答案为D）2.短语grow to 意思是“增加到”,可表示类似意思的短语还有increase to ,rise to climb toe.g: To make the population rise to a new level, the government tried various methods to encourage couples to have more children.注意：growth by,意思是“增加了”，类似表达还有 increase by rise by等e.g: Its really a wonder that the average income of the people in the city has grown by 60% in the last two years即时演练1） The number of the students in our school grew_ four thousand last year.A. to B. at C. by D. on2） The income of the farmers has increased _20% in the past two years.A. by B. with C. to D. on3) So far this year the amount of waste water that goes back into the river_30%, compared with the same period of last year.A. has risen by B. has raised to C. rose by D. has risen to答案：1）A 2）A 3)A（3）英语倍数巧表达英语中表达倍数常用once(一倍），twice(两倍），（three times (三倍）等。不论用何种句型都包括它本身的基数在内，可译为“是。的。倍”或“增加到。倍”。句型如下：（1） 整数+times +比较级+than.The box is five times bigger than that one.(2) 整数+times +as +原级+as.Asia is four times as large as Europe(3) 整数+times +名词（the size/width/length/height/.of.This hall is five times the size of our classroom.(4) “整数+times +what 引导的从句”The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.即时演练1） Americans eat _vegetables per person today as they did in 1910。A. more than twice B. as twice as manyC. twice as many D. more than twice many2) Our factory produced _tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twiceC. twice as many D. twice many as3) The town is _than it was before.A. three times as large B. larger three times C. as large three times D. three times larger4) I want to buy a rope which is _this one.A. twice as longer as B. as twice long asC. twice the length of D. as twice as答案：1）C 2) C 3) D 4) C9.The figure is now approaching 6.5billion people (page22,line 21)这个数词现在已接近65亿。approach. V.靠近，接近；着手处理（事物，难题等） n.接近，靠近；通道，道路；方法。手段。As we approach this lamp I saw a man coming towards us.当我们接近这盏灯时，我看到一个人朝我们走来。He is rather difficult to approach.他是一个很难接近的人。We need a new approach to teaching.我们需要一种新的教学方法。Im not very good at making approaches to strangers.我不是很善于跟陌生人接触。思维拓展：the approach of summer 夏天将至diplomatic approach 外交途径A new approach to cancer treatment 治疗癌症的新方法make approaches to sb 设法接近某人approach sb.on/about sth 为某事与某人打交道be easy of approach即时演练：He is a good player, but doesnt _ the international standardA. approach B. reach at C. near D. arriveA 项可以指空间、时间、质量、数量等接近；B项指距离或范围等达到，为及物动词，不用介词at； C相为介词；D项为不及物动词，不可直接接宾语。答案：A10.It would be beneficial to expand our recycling industry, and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living.发展我们的环保回收工业，教育人们有关环保生活方式将是很有益的举措。expand: vi.扩大；增加；增强；伸展；vt.使变大；使增强Why not try to expand your story into a novel?为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？The company has expand its operation in Scotland by building a new factory there.这家公司 通过在苏格兰建立新厂，从而扩大了其经营范围。Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。Heat causes the expansion of gases.热使气体膨胀。思维拓展expansion n.扩展；扩大；发展；展开expansive adj,扩展性的，有膨胀力的expand on sth.阐述或详述某事contract.收缩，使缩小（反义词）即时演练：Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.A. exploded B. exposed C. explored D. expandedexplode爆炸，爆发；expose使暴露，使曝光；explore探险，探测；expand膨胀，扩展。本句意是：19世纪时许多欧洲人去非洲大陆探险。答案：C11.They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to the environment他们就会联想到贪婪的商人躲避自己对环境的责任。responsibility 责任I accept that the responsibility for this lies squarely at my door.我接受这件事情的责任完全由我承担。He has no sense of responsibility.他丝毫没有责任感。Parents are responsible for their childrens safety.思维拓展：have/take/accept shoulder the responsibility for 承担。责任avoid/escape the responsibility 回避责任on ones own responsibility 自作主张地，自负全责地take full responsibility for对。负完全责任a sense of responsibility 责任感，责任意识 be responsible for sth。对某事负责be responsible to sb 对某人负责即时演练：The headmaster decided to have a word with whoever is _this matter.A. responsible for B. in the charge ofC. operated D. connected for根据句意和短语搭配选择be responsible for “对。负责”答案：A12.My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy(page 22,line22-23)我的建议是，我们应当尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。1、句中suggestion 的意思是“建议”，其后所接的从句谓语动词一般用should +动词原形，从句的should 可省略。E.G:He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the plan for the spring outing.类似地，当动词suggest 表示“建议，提议”的意思时，后接的宾语从句谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气。Eg:I suggest that we should go to the park by bus.注意：需在从句中使用虚拟语气的动词和由动词派生出的名词还包括：advise, advice劝告、建议，require/requirement需要demand、demand强烈要求，insist坚持，要求等。The workers in the factory made the requirements that their working conditions should be improved and that their salaries should be raised.
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