高考英语专题汇总复习课件.ppt

山高水长，题象万千，非有老笔，清壮何穷。,单项填空题,2010年高考英语专题汇总复习课件,命题特征,解题技巧,专题练习,命题要点,单项填空的命题特征,知识覆盖面广语境地位突出交际性原则明确试题题干新颖迷惑性较大灵活性较高,单项填空的命题要点,连词、代词形容词、副词介词搭配惯用短语短语动词情态动词动词语态句子结构动词时态非谓语动词,解题技巧：,一.还原法题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。例如：,1.Toallofyou_thehonorforthesuccessAbelongstoBbelongtoCbelongsDbelong,分析：倒装句，还原后为：Thehonorforthesuccessbelongstoallofyou.,c,2.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof_ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns,分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为Weshouldmakegooduseoftime_ourlessonwell.,C,3.Whatmadehermothersoangry?_theexam.A.BecauseshedidnotpassB.HernotpassingC.ShedidnotpassD.Becausehernotpassing,分析；将题干改写为：_theexammadehermothersoangry.,B,将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。,解题决窍：,二.排除思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。例如：,1.ImsorryIcanthelp_theflooroftheclassroom.A.sweepingB.sweptC.tosweepD.tosweeping,C,3.Doyouhaveanyideaofthereason_hereferredto？AthatBwhereCwhyDwhen,A,A,4.Whatdothinkoftheplan?Ifeel_thatweoughttogiveitupatonce.A.stronglyB.strongC.strongerD.itstrong,A,2.MadameCurie，for_lifehadoncebeenveryhard，wassuccessfullaterAwhomBwhichCwhoseDthat,正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍：,三.克服汉英差异英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如:takepartinthecelebration,attendameeting,jointhearmy,takeanexam,joininadiscussion例如：,1.Itsgettinglate.ImafraidImustbegoingnow.-OK._.TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.Seeyou,D,3.Therewasonceacruelking_inthecastle.A.livedB.wholivesC.waslivingD.living,B,D,2.ThepopulationofChinais_thanthatofRussia.A.muchmoreB.muchlargerC.manymoreD.manylarger,留心英汉表达差异,平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。,解题决窍：,四.注意题干惯性此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。例如：,1.Alice.youfeedthebirdtoday,?ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didntyouD.dontyou,2.-YouhaventbeentoBeijing,haveyou?-_.HowIwishtogothere!A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,IhaventC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihavent,B,D,3.HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorningA.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone,c,1）补全对话；2）分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。,解题决窍：,五.区分形近义近词把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：,2.DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls?Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soIthemtowin.A.hopeB.preferC.expectD.want,C,1.ThefilmsmadebyDisney_allovertheworld.AareusedtoshowBareusedtoshowingCusedtobeshownDusedtoshow,3.Idliketobuyahousemodern,comfortable,and_inaquietneighborhood.AinallBaboveallCafterallDatall,B,C,1）明确词意所选答案要符合句子意思；2）归纳比较平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。,解题诀窍,六.弄清语言环境命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：,1.Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?Oh,Imterriblysorry.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticingD.Idontnoticing,2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,A,3.Mr.White_at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving,A,B,1）身临其境，揣摩意图特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；2）认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。,解题诀窍,1推敲体会为主近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说“磨刀不误砍柴工”，这有助于提高答题准确率。,2运用实践为主根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化语言实践的效果。,提高语境选择题解题质量的思考,3提高-精练为主单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。,解题的小窍门,从题干的格式上来判断选项AB如句子为此结构，且选项中的四个选项为连词则可以用这个窍门来解题第一步：看A句的第一个词Y和最后一个词X是什么，什么词性如Y=It，则B句是主语从句可能性大如X=vt，则B句是宾语从句可能性大如X=be动词，则B句是表语从句可能性大如X=抽象名词,则B句是同位语从句可能性大如X=普通名词，则B句是定语从句或状语从句可能性大,X,Y,名词性从句,名词性从句的解题思路,1.句子是否完整，如完整连词应是：thatWhether/if(是否）2.缺少什么就补什么，what是首选Iknow_youwant.Iknow_youwanttodoit.Iknow_youwanttodoitherenow.3.同位语从句就是that,what,why,that,限定性定语从句解题思路,先行词是人who,that,whose,whom先行词如是人+物，则用that先行词是物则用which,where,why,when,ofwhich如选项中是介词+连词，先排除错误选项：介词+that和介词+代词，然后再去思考先行词和哪个介词搭配能放在句子中当状语。注意where的模糊性先行词。,状语从句的解题思路,1.翻译2.关注as3.小心unless4.记住where,WhenIgottoNewYork,Ihadtoattendaschoolforstudents_firstlanguagewasnotEnglish.（海）A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whereYoulookstupid!Thewayyouwearis_annoysmemost.（西）A.whichB.whereC.howD.whatIneedtocallmyfriendDavid_coatIwalkedoffbymistakeyesterday.（西）A.inwhoseB.inthatC.withwhichD.withher,TheMekongRiverCommissionhasfoundnoevidencethedamsontheupperreacheshaveaninfluenceonthewaterflowdownstream.（崇）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whatItisstillunclear_thelittleboygottheCDplayertowork.（朝）A.whereB.whatC.thatD.howYoushouldexploreyourtalentssoastofindout_yourrealinterestslie.（朝）A.whatB.whereC.whichD.how,2._A_,_B_设B句为完整句，A也为句子结构1.A,B句为并列句：连词为and,but,so,for2.A句为祈使句，则B句时态为将来时，且B句的第一个词为and/or反之，B句将来时，且第一词为and/or,则A句的第一词应为动词原形。3.A句如能翻译为：正如。，则第一词为As4.A句为状语结构时，一定注意主将从现的用法,X,3._A_,_B_设B句为完整句，A是非谓语B句中的第一个词X是解题的关键如X=物，A部分应为：tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone.如X=人，A部分的动词和其是主动关系，则A部分为：todo,doing,havingdone,如X=人，A部分的动词和其是被动关系，则A部分为tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone.,X,Tobedone将要被完成（其实还没有做）Beingdone正在被完成（其实还没有完）Done已经被完成Havingbeendone已经被完成（强调先后，这件事情完成了，另句中的事情才能做。Todo将要做（其实还没有做）Doing正在做（还没有做完）Havingdone已经完成（强调顺序）,4._A_,_B_设A句为完整句，B句也为句子结构。B句可能为非限定定语从句或状语从句A句为完整句，B句是非谓语，A句的第一个词是解题的关键。如X=物，B部分应为：tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone.如X=人，B部分的动词和其是主动关系，则B部分为：todo,doing,havingdone,如X=人，B部分的动词和其是被动关系，则B部分为tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone.,X,Dontgiveupregardlessofdifficultyandfailure,_youllneverachieveyourgoals.（海）A.andB.butC.orD.so_awrittenpermission,hehadtowriteanotherlettertothepresidentoftheuniversity.（海）A.NotgivingB.NothavingbeengivenC.HavingnotgivenD.Havingnotbeengiven,Balletisamazing;_yougo,youarelikelytofindyourselfgoingagainandagain.（西）A.asB.onceC.unlessD.while_thetwodesigns,andyouwillfindwhatproblemthereiswithyours.（西）A.ComparingB.ComparedC.TocompareD.Compare_threetimesinarow,theboxerdecidedtogiveupfighting.（西）A.HavingdefeatedB.TohavedefeatedC.HavingbeendefeatedD.Tohavebeendefeated,PutyourselfinsituationswhereyoureforcedtocommunicateinEnglish,youllseemoreprogressovertime.（崇）A.untilB.orC.butD.andinfourdifferentcountries,Jessieisatypicalthirdculturekid,thetermofwhichreferstochildrenwhospendaperiodoftimeinoneormorecultures.（崇）A.BringupB.HavingbroughtupC.BringingupD.Broughtupallhiscourage,heinvitedCelinetogetoffthetrainwithhim.（崇）A.TogatherB.GatheredC.GatheringD.BeinggatheredBeijingtookstepstolimitthekindsofhigh-riskofborrowingmoneyfromthebanksthatcancreatethehighpriceofhousing,happenedintheUnitedStates.（崇）A.asB.thatC.howD.what,_theaddress,Tomsenttheemailtohisteacher.（东）A.HavingcheckedB.CheckedC.BeingcheckedD.TocheckIusuallydothewashingupandleavethecookingtomywife,_shesabettercookthanme.（宣）A.unlessB.asC.eventhoughD.incaseLivinginthedesertinvolvesalotofproblems,_watershortageistheworst.（宣）A.ofwhichB.whenC.ofwhoseD.which,Heraisedhisvoice,_westillcouldnthearanything.（朝）A.soB.orC.butD.asTheymadeagreatefforttopreparetheexhibition,_toachieveabigsuccess.（朝）A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hopeMydogmadeamessinthelivingroom,_reallyannoyedme.（朝）A.whoB.whenC.thatD.which_colorfulchartsandgraphs,heloadedanewsoftwaretohelphim.（朝）A.CreateB.CreatedC.CreatingD.Tocreate,HaveatryThecarisalreadyfull,sothereisno_forthecomputer.A.roomB.placeC.spaceD.areaLiLincame_intheEnglishspeakingcontest.A.thesecondB.secondC.asecondD.secondsWemadeTom_monitorofourclassand_monitorofClass3isMike.A./;aB.the;theC.the;aD./;theLucy,aswellasherfriends,_thisbookbefore.A.havereadB.hasreadC.readsD.readEachboyandeachgirl_readingattentivelyinthereadingroom.A.isfoundB.arefoundC.isfoundtoD.arefoundto-Look,thispenisniceanditwriteswell.-OK,Iwanttobuy_.A.itB.thatC.oneD.theone,7.Thisissodifficultaquestion_almostnoonecananswer.A.whichB.thatC.asD.but8.Dontbeafraidtoaskforhelp_itisneeded.A.butB.thoughC.sinceD.when9.-CanIstayinBeijingforaweek?-No,notthatlong.Justa_ofdays.A.numberB.dozenC.fewD.couple10.Withtheman_us,wefinishedtheworkontime.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helped11.Intheiropinion,thisfilmis_onethantheothertwo.A.thebestB.thebetterC.abestD.abetter12.-Whydidntyoustudymedicine?-Idesired_intotrade,butlaterIdecidedtostudyEnglish.A.goingB.tohavegoneC.togoD.togoing,阅读理解题型及技巧,一、细节理解题：1、直接事实题：2、间接事实题：,先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。,需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。,细节判断题题干常见的问句形式多种多样,WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas?Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor?Howmany？What/who/when/where/how/why?,ManyAmericanpresidentsinthe19thcenturywereborninpoorfamilies.Theyspenttheirchildhoodinlittlewoodenrooms.Theygotlittleeducation.WashingtonandLincoln,forexample,neverwenttoschoolandtheytaughtthemselves.Lincolnoncedidjobsofaworker,shop-keeperandpostofficerinhisearlyyears.AlargenumberofU.Spresidentshadexperiencesinthearmy.ThetwobestknownwereUlyssesGrantandDwightD.Eisenhower.GrantwasageneralintheAmericanCivilWarandEisenhowerwasaherointhesecondWorldWar.IthappenedthattheygraduatedfromthesameschoolWestPointMilitaryAcademy(西点军校),1,Q:PresidentEisenhowerbecamewell-known.A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWarC.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarII.,EisenhowerwasaherointhesecondWorldWar.,InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.,2,However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing，singing，making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.“Itsreallyahardjobforme.Iwontenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，IdlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.,Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,MissAsiaof1991,BorninShanghai,designedbytheAsiaTVStation,二、主旨判断题：,题干形式：1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5)Thebesttitleforthisnewspaperarticleis_.,技巧：剔除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句（topicsentence）,范围一般包括：短文标题、主题（Title）；大意或段落大意（Mainidea）,Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyandastheygrowuptheynormallylearntocontroltheiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforcertainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthatdonotbelongtothem.Withmedicalhelptheymaybecomenormalcitizensagain.Theythingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.Theyoftengiveawaywhattheyhavestolenorcollectobjectswithoutusingthem.,3,Q:Whatisthetopicofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C.ReasonsforStealingD.ANormalChildsActions.,TopicSentence:Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.,Boston-ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBI(美国联邦调查局)andthemuseumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordanWilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUnivercitysFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.”,4,Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?A.ATheftTookPlaceinBostonB.ArtworksstolenbyThievesC.MajorWorksD.Investigationintothetheft,TopicSentence:ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.,5,Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.HowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams,TopicSentence:Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth,Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillittakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately(精确),withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat“being”inthezone.”Educatorscallit“automaticity(自动).,6,Q:Thefirstparagraphtellsus_.A.whatautomaticityisB.howaccuracyisacquired(获得)C.howachildlearnstowalkD.howanathleteistrained.,TopicSentence:Educatorscallit“automaticity,InAmericawehaveHalloween.InMexicotheyhaveTodosSantos,whichmeans“AllSaints”.Thisisthedayinwhichpeoplerememberfamilyandfriendswhohavedied.Theyvisitthecemeteryinsteadofgoingouttotrick-or-treat.Buttheydohavepicturesofskeletonsandghostshangingaround.Theyalsohavemanycandyskullstoeat.,7,Q:Whatdoesthestorymainlytells?A.WhatholidaysarelikeB.WhatHalloweenislikeinMexicoC.WhathappensduringTodosSantosD.WhatwedoonHalloween,三、推理判断题：,题干形式：(1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_.(2)Fromthetextweknowthat_.(3)Thestoryimpliesthat_.(4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_.(5)Thewritersattitudetowardis_.,技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。,Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“ImmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”,8,Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment，itwas_.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects,Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK，theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.MrNeffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.MrNeffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesntaskquestions；heanswersquestions.Heneversays，“Idontknow.”,9,Q：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewritersattitude（态度）towardsMrNeff?A.HefindsMr.NeffhardtounderstandB.HethinksMr.NeffwonderfulC.HefeelspityforMr.NeffD.HedoesnotlikeMr.Neff,四、猜测词义题解题技巧,掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。这种题常见的提问方式有：Theword“”inparagraphcanbestbereplacedbyTheunderlinedword“”mostprobablymeans.Bysaying“”,theauthormeansTheexpression“”isclosesttoAccordingtothepassage,thephrase“”suggestsTheunderlinedpart“”(inPara.)means.做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。,1、针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。例如：Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）asitsown.（04浙江卷B段）Greenbuildingmeans“reducingtheimpact(影响)ofthebuildingontheland”.由定义我们可以推断这里Greenbuilding指的是什么。,由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。,2根据复述推测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词义提供依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致“义域”（意义范围）。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。同位语复述：在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。同位语前常有or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say,i.e.等。例如：（05浙江卷B段）Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today,由同位语anendangeredwildcat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。,3.根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。例如：（04辽宁卷C段）Thecoursegivesyouchancestoknowgreatpowerpolitiesbetweennationstates.ItwillprovidemorespacetostudyparticularissuessuchasrelationshipamongcountriesintheEuropeanUnion,thirdworlddebt,localandinternationaldisagreement,andtheworkofsuchinternationalbodiesastheUnitedNations,theEuropeanUnion,NATO,andtheWorldBank.,根据suchas后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue是指“议题”。,4.根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句。例如：（NMET2002E篇）Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean?apartydesignedbyspecialistsaplanrequiringcarefulthoughtasituationcausingdifficultyortroubleademandmadebyguests,根据对比关系，这里hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。,5.根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly,like,justas,also,aswellas等。例如：Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.,该句中副词similarly表明短语lovestotalk和loquacious之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。,6.通过构词法在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。例如：（05江西卷E段）Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?,根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。,五、篇章结构题解题技巧,首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。这类题经常用到的提问方式是：Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?常见的段落结构有如下几种情况：,图1表明：（Paragraph1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），、段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。同样我们很容易理解图2、3、4所示的段落结构的意义。,要求把标有A-F的句子或段落插入到文章中标记的适当位置，使文章意义完整，结构连贯。做好这一类题，要先理解全文的意义和结构，然后理解段落的意义和结构，分析句与句之间的关系，句与段落的关系。一般说来，文章中空格的地方主要是三类的句子或者段落：一是段落的主题句；二是和段落主题密切相关的细节句；三是段落或句子之间的过渡句/段。所以学会了分析句与句、句与段、段与段之间的关系做这类题并不难。下面我们来具体看一个例题：,