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welcometoourclass,墙角数枝槑（梅），凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，只能说你呆。,Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?,Ignorethemandcontinuereading,Lookthemupinthedictionary,Guessthemeaning,猜测词义读懂文章,-高三英语阅读指导,猜测词义：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上。但事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。,猜测词义题目类型,对考纲外生词的猜测,ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_.”,通晓数种语言的人,使模糊，混淆，搅浑,Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched,对句义的猜测,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Theword“”ismostlikelytomean_.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“”means_.5.Theword“”isclosestinmeaningto,语境法Contextclues,构词法Wordformation,猜测词意,2011高考阅读理解专题,WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向),supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建),Canyouguesstherightmeanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),1.(10福建卷)In2005,afterthefalloftheTaliban（塔利班）,whichhadoutlawedTV,1in5Afghanshadone.2.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?3.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.,Word-formation,（合成词）,（词性变化）,（合成法，转化法，派生法）,（词的派生）,1.(10福建卷)In2005,afterthefalloftheTaliban（塔利班）,whichhadoutlawedTV,1in5Afghanshadone.A.allowedB.bannedC.offeredD.refused2.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?3.Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.,Word-formation,toimagineortodescribe,adj.无法通行的,无法通过的,pass,passable,impassable,1.定义描述,3.因果关系,2.同义反义,4.举例归纳,5.生活常识,6.上下文推测,语境猜测词义,Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.,动物学家,牧羊人,语义学,1、定义描述,定义或释义关系常由定语从句或becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示；或由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。,小结,2.同义词Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion.Theyareunanimous.,圆胖的,灌溉,一致同意的,反义词ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.,污秽的,天生的,混乱,由and或or，like,asas,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，incontrast,onthecontrary等。,小结,3、因果关系Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.,贫穷的,混浊的,独断专行的,精明的,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,sothat,suchthattherefore等)表示前因后果。,小结,4、举例归纳法Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,家禽,装置,民俗,Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany-forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes-Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.A)pleasuresB)conveniencesC)dangersD)equipment,常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。,小结,Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.,波纹,涟漪,颤抖,症状,5、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理,小结,根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。,6.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义,例题：Tomcantfindhissneakers.C.shoes,Tomcantfindhiswhitesneakers,Tomcantplaytennisnowbecausehecantfindhiswhitesneakers.,A.money,B.bowls,Whatdoes“inthepubliceye”mean?A.公众熟悉的,出名的Tips:inpublic在公众场合thepublic大众eye眼睛,Guess,B.在群众的眼里C.公开的D.令人眼热的,MrZhangoftenappearsinpublic.Butheisnotfamousheisnotinthepubliceye.,(2006年安徽卷)精品解析英语Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”intheparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeat,C,小结,所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。,Inquiry-basedActivities(I)探究活动(1),1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever2.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱,小试身手,4.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者,5.Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.Theword“jeopardize”means_inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stop,6.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDadscarisbiggerthanyourDads,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚,Inquiry-basedActivities(II)探究活动(2),Passage12010高考真题精品解析英语（福建卷）Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Theunderlinedword“inform”probablymeans“”.AaffectBchangeCdisturbDreject,A,Passage22010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefathersname.English-speakingpeopleaddedsorson.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamilysancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheODonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“descendants”probablymean?A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors,A,Passage32010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）WelcometoWindsorCastle,theoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworld.Windsorisoneoftheofficialresidences（住所）oftheQueen,whosometimesstayshere.AsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairport-stylesecuritychecks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaone-waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.Theunderlinedpart“aworkingroyalpalace”referstoone_.A.stillbeingconstructedB.stillusedbytheroyalfamilyC.wheretheQueenusuallyworksD.whereworksofartareonshow,B,Passage42010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷）Onemorningmorethanthirtyyearsago,IenteredtheTrackKitchen,arestaurantwhereeveryonefromthehumblest(卑微的)tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast.Inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly,unshavenman,wholookedsomewhatdisheveled.Hewaswearingaworn-outhatandwasalone.IaskedifImightjoinhim.HeagreedquietlyandIsatdowntohavemybreakfast.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disheveled”mean?A.Unfriendly.B.Untidy.C.Gentle.D.Kind.,B,Passage52010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试IhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword“relish”inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryon,B,Passage62010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over-consumption”referto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.,D,Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?,2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度。,抓主旨明细节猜词义做推断,Readingmakesafullman;,Enjoyreading!,Unfamiliarwordsarejustlikesetbacksinourlife.Youcanchoosetoignoreitorturntoothersforhelp,butmostoftimeyouWillhavetoovercomeitonyourown.Nomatterwhatdifficultyyoucomeacrossinyourlife,rememberthataslongasyoudontloseheart,youaresuretofindawayout.,Homework,1.Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod.2.Finishthegivenexercisesonguessingmeanings.,EnjoyEnglish,Enjoylife!Bye-bye!,
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