资源描述
1,ContrastsBetweenThreePrinciplesofYanfuandThoseofTytler,2,Tytlerstranslationtheory,Tytler(1747-1813)wasaScottishadvocate,judge,writerandhistorianwhoservedasProfessorofUniversalHistory,andGreekandRomanAntiquitiesintheuniversityofEdinburgh.HisworkEssayonthePrinciplesofTranslation,likeallofhiswork,isbland,inoffensive,unoriginal,butextremelyaccessible,andisoftencitedasthelastexpressionoftheEnlightenmentspiritinthetheoryoftranslation.,3,Tytlerstranslationtheory,EssayonthePrinciplesofTranslation,isthemostimportantworkofTytler,inwhichheputsforwardthreeprinciplesoftranslation,whichisfirstintroducedinChinaintheperiodofMaytheFourthNewCultureMovementbyZhengZhenduo.InthebookofThreeIssuesonTranslatingLiteraryWorks(译文学书的三个问题）,thesecondquestionisaboutthemethodoftranslation,inthispaperheintroducesTytlersworkEssayonthePrinciplesofTranslationandhisthreeprinciplesoftranslationtoChinesetranslatorssystematically.,4,Tytlerstranslationtheory,（I）Thatthetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.（2）Thatthestyleandmannerofwritinginatranslationshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal.（3）Thatthetranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoforiginalcomposition.（1）译作应该完全复写出原作的思想；（2）译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质；（3）译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。,5,theadvantages,1.Themostinfluentialconceptinthewesterntranslationtheoryisword/meaningdichotomy,whichcouldnotbesolvedinthetraditionaltranslationtheory.However,Tytlerspareshisefforttoavoidthisword/meaningdichotomy,andnottousetheterm,likeliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,whichcouldcausecontroversy.2.Heclarifiesanddeepensthemetaphorcognitionthetranslatorisapainter.Headvocatesthatthetranslatorshouldusehisownwritingstyle,notjustimitatetheauthorsone.,6,thedisadvantages,1.Histranslationtheoriesarejustonthebasisofhisowntranslationpracticesandhisobservations.EssayonthePrinciplesofTranslationcontainsmanytranslationskills,likeadding,deleting,revisingandpolishing.2.Histhreeprinciplesoftranslationisnotoriginal.BeforeTytler,GeorgeCampbell,aBritishtranslationtheoristhasalreadyputforwardthreeprinciplesoftranslation.Thefirstprinciplethatthetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork,whichissimilarwithCampbellsfirstprinciplereplicatetheoriginalthoughtsclearly.Moreover,Tytlerquotestoomanytheoriesfromothertheorists.,7,YanFustranslationtheory,YanFu,hiscourtesynameisJiDao,heisaChinesescholarandtranslator,mostfamousforintroducingwesternideas,includingDarwinsnaturalselection,toChinainthelate19thcentury.YanFustudiesattheFujianArsenalAcademy(福州船政学堂)inFuzhou,FujianProvince.In18771879hestudiesattheNavyAcademyinGreenwich,England.Duringthistime,hebeginstoreceivecapitalistideology.UponhisreturntoChina,heteachesattheFujianArsenalAcademyandthenBeiyangNavalOfficersSchool(北洋水师学堂)atTianjin.,8,YanFustranslationworks,AfterChinalosesitsFirstSino-JapaneseWar,YanFubecomesfamous.Heiscelebratedforhistranslationworks,includingThomasHuxleysEvolutionandEthics,AdamSmithsWealthofNations,JohnStuartMillsOnLibertyandHerbertSpencersStudyofSociology.,9,YanFustranslationtheory,InthetranslationofThomasHuxleysEvolutionandEthics,heputsforwardthemostfamoustranslationtheoryinmodernChina,thatisthreeprinciplesoftranslation,whicharefidelity,expressivenessandelegance.YanfustranslationtheorycouldbeseeninthetranslationofBuddhistscripturesintoChinese,hecitesConfucianclassicbookTheBookofChanges易经andwordsofConfuciusashisargument.So,wemayclearlyseethatChinastranslationtheoriesarerootedinChinesetraditionalculture.,10,fidelity:Thiswordisnotonlyfaithfultotheoriginalcontent,butalsotothelanguagestructureoftheoriginal.However,translatorshouldnotpursuefidelityunconditionally,andthedegreeoffidelitydependsonthepurposesoftranslation,understandingsoftheoriginal,andreaders.expressiveness:Thiswordreferstonotonlyfluency,butalsothecontent,thespiritandthestyleoftheoriginaltextthatshouldbefullyexpressedinthetranslatedone,whichcouldensurereadersunderstandingsoftheoriginalmeaningoftheoriginaltext.elegance:Headvocatestheusesofwords/sentencesbeforetheHanDynastytoachievetheeffectsofelegance.,11,Astheprincipleofelegance,YanFuadvocatestheusesofwords/sentencesbeforetheHanDynasty,topursuetheeffectofelegance.Hesaysthattheusesofwords/sentencesbeforetheHanDynastyiseasytohelpachieveexpressiveness,whiletheusesofvernacularlanguageishardtoachieveexpressiveness.(用汉以前字法句法，则为达易;用近世利俗文字,则求达难）However,weshouldbeartwopointsinmind.1.Targetedtranslation:Vernacularlanguageisnotsuitabletoexpressjingliweiyan(精理微言）ofwesternsocialscience.2.Targetedreaders:YanFustranslatedworksaremostlyreadbyChinesescholar-bureaucrats.,theprincipleofelegance,12,thesameness,1.ThefidelityinYanFustranslationtheoryissimilarwiththefirstprincipleofTytlerstranslationtheoryTranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork,inotherwords,bothofthememphasizethattranslatedtextshouldbefaithfultooriginalone.2.TheexpressivenessinYanFustranslationtheoryissimilarwiththethirdprincipleofTytlerstranslationtheoryTranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoforiginalcomposition,inotherwords,bothofthememphasizethefluencyoftranslatedtext.,13,thedifferences,1.ThereisaleveldifferencebetweenthreeprinciplesofYanfuandthoseofTytler,YanFusthreeprinciplesfocusonfidelity,inanotherword,YanFusfidelity,expressivenessandelegancearecarriedoutaroundfidelity,andthelattertermsservefortheformerone.WhileTytlersthreeprinciplesareparallelled,whichemphasizethetranslatedtextshouldbefaithfultooriginalonefromthreedimensionsthatarecontent,styleandfluency.,14,2.YanFuselegancediffersfromthesecondprincipleofTytler.YanFuadvocatestheusesofwords/sentencesbeforetheHanDynasty,topursuetheeffectofquaintelegance.HeuseancientwordinthetranslationofwesternscienceworksintoChinese,thestyleoforiginaltextistotallydifferentfromthetranslatedone.Sothereisnorelationbetweeneleganceandoriginaltext.WhilethesecondprincipleofTytlerthestyleandmannerofwritinginatranslationshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal,whichputoriginaltextanditsauthorasthecentralpoint.,15,3.TraditionalChineseculturehasadeepinfluenceonChinesetranslationtheory,thatis,Chinesetranslatorsarenotwillingtomakegeneraltheoriesinseparatebooks,YanFuputsforwardhisthreeprinciplesinhistranslatedwork.Whilewesterntranslatorsaregoodatmakinggeneraltheories,theyoftenwriteabooktoexpresstheirtranslationviews,whicharelogicandsystematic.,16,4.ThreeprinciplesofYanFuandthoseofTytlerhavedifferentvalues.YanFuputsforwardthreeprinciples,whichareusedtoexpresstranslationisahardwork.Histhreeprinciplesjustconcernpractice,nottheory.WhileTytlerputsforwardfidelityfromthreedimensions,andexpressesitstepbystep,whichshowswesterntranslationtheoryislogicandsystematic.,17,thereasonsofdifference,1.Chineseandwesternacademiccriclehasdifferentvalues,thatistheyhavedifferentviewsonapplicabletheoryandpureone.Chineseacademiccricleemphasizespractice,whilewesternworldemphasizespuretheory,thatiswhythatTytlerstranslationtheoryislogicandsystematical.,18,thereasonsofdifference,2.Chineseandwesternthinkingmodesaredifferent.Chineseemphasisonsavvy(悟性)leadstothefactthatChinesetranslationtheoryisfuzzyandimplicit.Forexample,Yanfusthreeprinciplesoftranslationareshortandunclear,whichcausesagreatdebate.Whilewesternphilosophyischaracterizedbytheabsoluteoppositebetweenhumanandnaturalworld,whichexertsagreatinfluenceonwesterntranslationtheory.Foratranslationtheory,nomatterhowperfectornot,westerntranslationtheoristssparenoefforttomakeitclear.,
展开阅读全文