资源描述
1英文文献翻译1.1 英文文献原文题目 Given the challenge to fill any kind of container with any kind of liquid, engineers have diligently researched hundreds of product applicationsfrom adhesives and sealants to coatings, and chemicals and lubricants to foods and beveragesin order to design machines that will fill containers rapidly and accurately. One critical specification needed in any industrial filling application is the viscosity of the liquid. Viscosity is the measure of a liquids ability to resist flow. Easy-flowing, water-like liquids have low viscosity, while thicker liquids have higher viscosities. Additional characteristics of industrial liquids include temperature, particle size, pH and degree of foaminess. Characteristics such as “lubricity” and “abrasiveness” are also taken into account to determine the best choice of nozzle configuration. The nozzle is the proprietary fixture (or “head”) that controls the flow of liquid as it streams into the container.NOZZLE TYPESPrecision-made nozzles of the correct size and materials are an important component of liquid filling machines. Ongoing technological innovation and continuous improvements are required to adapt to the wide range of liquid filling Applications. Examples of nozzles for filling industrial liquids include plug, vented cone, shower head and probe; they are designed to optimize the filling of virtually any liquid product. Nozzles for liquid filling machines need to be reliable, durable, corrosion resistant and easy to clean. The plug nozzle is designed for filling through a variety of F-style and screw-cap container openings. Plug nozzles fill thin to viscous products, provide drip control, and are available in a wide range of plug sizes as well as sanitary configurations (for foods). Recent improvements in plug nozzle technology eliminate leaking, which is especially problematic for high-lubricity liquids. Filling applications include adhesives, spackling, grout, peanut butter, fruit fillings and other food applicationsVented cone nozzles support both low- and high-viscosity filling applications where the containers open top diameter is large enough to accept the “cone-style” shape this nozzle produces. The cone shape of the liquid stream directs product flow to the inside diameter walls of the container, thereby reducing splashing. Vented cone nozzles are an excellent choice for various filling applications, including stains, inks, oils, putties, paint, chemicals and adhesives. Shower head nozzles with interchangeable plates are designed for rapid laminar flow filling of -pint to 6-gal open-top containers. Shower head nozzles allow for fast, uninterrupted, non-turbulent flow of the liquid product, thereby reducing splashing. Shower head nozzles handle low- to medium-viscosity products from light liquids such as solvents and stains to higher viscosity products such as adhesives and inks.The probe nozzle is designed to fill foamy products without the production of foam caused by the turbulence of standard top filling. Probe nozzles fill containers from the bottom up, thereby reducing the turbulence that causes certain products to foam. Probe nozzles typically handle a broad range of container sizes from small containers to drums and totes. Filling applications often include detergents, herbicides, solvents, hydraulic fluids, fertilizers and cleaners.FILL SYSTEMSMoving beyond traditional nozzle technology, the gravity-fed direct-fill system has been an important innovation in liquid filling. The liquid filling industry is in an economic environment where the current trend is to maximize efficiency, increase ROI, and make the most of capital investments. Whether an adhesive or sealant manufacturer is choosing to install new liquid filling systems that incorporate the latest technology or retrofit a legacy system to extend the life and productivity of existing equipment, the right decision on where to invest requires a full understanding of the proven fill technologies available today.Liquid filling technology has progressed in stages, from manual hand filling to funnel and hose filling, to nozzle filling and pressurized drum, and now gravity-fed direct filling. Alternative systems place product in a pressurized vessel. The disadvantages of pressurized systems include splattering of product when pressurized nozzles are opened, leaking, product loss and complicated disassembly for cleaning. Volumetric systems fill by volume and can be less accurate.Shower head nozzles allow for fast, uninterrupted, non-turbulent flow of the liquid product, thereby reducing splashing.The negative effects of outdated and poorly performing liquid filling machines or systems include slower fill rates, decreased accuracy, and higher maintenance and cleanup. This results in longer batch changeover times. Any product delivery system that creates excessive spilling wastes valuable product and erodes profitability.As mentioned previously, viscosity is a measure of a liquids ability to resist flow. Laminar flow, sometimes known as streamline flow, occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers with no disruption between the layers. In nonscientific terms, laminar flow is “smooth,” while turbulent flow is “rough.” Gravity-fed filling is best for water-thin liquid viscosities to liquids that are semi-viscous.The gravity-fed, direct-fill system is a liquid filling solution that delivers faster fill rates and improved accuracy, and reduces costs in liquid filling environments that handle products in the low- to medium-viscosity range. Gravity-fed liquid filling systems offer a new opportunity to expand the capabilities of any liquid filling machine, including the retrofit and upgrade of legacy liquid filling machines.Common liquids and their relative range of viscosities from thin to thick as measured in centipoise include water, turpentine, vegetable oil, SAE40 motor oil, varnish, glycerin, molasses, latex paint, honey, SAE70 motor oil, water-based paint, solvents and glue.BENEFITS OF A GRAVITY-FED DIRECT-FILL SYSTEMThe gravity head pressure process delivers more uniform filling for greater throughput. Balanced flow delivers faster fill rates (up to 35%), more consistent filling, and greater batch yields. A balanced flow lends itself to greater control of nozzle cut-off during the filling cycle for greater accuracy.The gravity head pressure process also eliminates splattering and reduces cleanup time. All surfaces on direct-fill systems can be easily accessed for more thorough cleaning. Fewer wetted parts allow a 50% reduction in cleanup and batch changeover time. Direct fill systems feature a welded reservoir tank with integrated nozzles that increase fill rates, improve uptime and reduce maintenance. The simple innovative design and fewer serviceable parts of a gravity-fed direct-fill system reduce operating costs and maintenance requirements, eliminating the need for surge tanks, hoses, valves, and surge dampeners.Gravity-fed filling is best for water-thin liquid viscosities to liquids that are semi-viscous.The main environmentally friendly attribute of gravity-fed direct-fill systems is the reduction of product residue. The result is lower hazardous waste and lower cleaning material needed for cleanup. Adjustment controls for rapid fill rate and dribble rate enable the filling of a variety of liquid industrial applications, including adhesives, coatings, inks and lubricants. Direct-fill systems can be configured with one, two, four, six or eight nozzles to complement a variety of filling machine nozzle configurations and deliver a wide range of container filling throughput rates. Selection of PLCThe former relay control mode has many disadvantages. With the combination of mature computer technology and virtual technology with relay control, the contact point of interference relay control is virtualized and used as internal relay or soft component of controller, and applied in industrial manufacture, that is, PLC system control. Therefore, according to the principle, PLC is the exclusive computer designed for the application in the industrial environment. Its composition and layout also have the advantages of the general computer: the central processing unit is taken as the core and executed under the management of the system program.The design requirements of the control system for liquid filling machine are as follows: accurate, stable, easy to adjust, strong anti-interference and so on, and according to the requirements of the control object of the filling machine, The control system selected in this thesis is Mitsubishi Motor Q series PLC, which usually acts on medium and large scale control system. The modules not only have more common power modules, such as CPU module, input module, output module, but also include positioning module, analog input module and so on. According to specific needs, other modules such as temperature adjustment module, high speed counter and so on can be selected. The Q series PLC can be assembled in the form of main substrates and extended substrates, not only by adding extended modules, but also by adding extended modules. The number of installations and the number of I / O available can also increase storage capacity.The programmable logic controller used here is Q06HCPU.It is usually used in medium, medium and large control systems. Compared with Q06HCPU, Q06HCPU has the advantages of strong execution, fast processing, small delay and large memory to meet the needs of large systems in multiple programs.I / O module is an input / output module whose specification and number are determined by the number of required points of the control system. The more the number of I / O modules is, but the maximum number of modules and the maximum number of points are determined by the selected CPU. The Q06HCPUs selected by the system are high performance Q series PLC CPUs. The maximum I / O control points of the system are 4096 points and the number of controllable modules can reach 64 blocks. If the number of I / O controls required is more, the extended I / O modules can be selected to increase the control number.Motion control module is one of the most popular motion control modules in Mitsubishi PLC intelligent function module. It is used in combination with step motor or servo motor in order to complete complex speed and positioning control. According to the number of control axes, the motion control module has one axis, two axes, four axes and eight axes, which not only completes the linear control and interpolation, but also has the functions of circular arc interpolation, spiral interpolation, multi-origin regression and so on. The QD70P8 positioning module which can be used in 8 axis control is selected here to control the speed of filling servo motor and commutating step motor. 7:.The determination of input and output points: tables 3.1 and 3.2 are the distribution tables of input points and output points of liquid filling machines respectively.selection of actuatorsAccording to the above described control system selection of the executive mechanism, this part of the control of filling and capping servo motor, commutation step motor, the system of the working motor and stopper and cover electromagnet selection, analysis of the characteristics, The connection control method is further explained.Selection of stepping MotorStepping motor is also a common executive element in electrical system. It converts electric pulse into angular displacement or linear displacement and drives other components to rotate and position precisely. When a pulse is input, the fixed angle of rotation is defined as a step angle or step distance. Step angle is an important basis for motor selection. After the motor is selected, the step angle and the number of subdivision are determined. The ratio of the step angle to the fine fraction is the movement amount of the step motor when each pulse is input, which is called pulse equivalent, which determines the motion accuracy of the step motor. The function of step motor is to realize the rotation of servo pump and fixed angle in a very short time. According to the design, Each commutation, servo pump, according to the requirements of the accurate rotation of 120 degrees, and there can be no cumulative error. The existence of cumulative error will interfere with the position relationship between the servo pump and the two filling heads because of the persistent operation of the system, resulting in the whole filling can not be carried out. The system is composed of stepping motor and driver DCH-30806 series driver of Changzhou Dechang. The output current range is 0.4A0. 6A and the output current range is 0.4A0. 6A. The output current is adjusted by different combinations of the drive side board 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 four-bit switch. A total of 16 current values are available.The speed of step motor is controlled by the input of pulse signal, and the fifth position switch of the side plate of the driver can choose either monopulse mode or double pulse mode. In monopulse mode, the step pulse is connected by the pulse port, and the direction of the motor is determined by the level of the direction port. In the dual pulse mode, the driver receives the positive turn pulse from the pulse port and the reverse pulse from the direction port. Both single and double pulses take the optical root from cutoff to conduction as an effective reception signal.When the off-line signal is input, the driver will cut off the electric current of each phase of the motor to make the motor shaft free, and the step pulse will not be responded at this time. This state can effectively reduce the power and temperature rise of the drive and motor. After the off-line control signal is revoked, the drive automatically returns to the phase sequence before the offline and restore the motor current. When no need for this is needed When the offline end is suspended, when the motor stops moving, the stepping motor shaft is in the stop state when the motor stops moving. When the off-line signal is input, the motor shaft is in free state after the motor is stopped and the motor can be rotated manually.The direction and speed of the stepping motor are set by QD70P8 module to make the motor move according to the predetermined curve.Key Technology of liquid fillingNo. 24 filling head is at No. 1. When filling, the filling head and bottle one-to-one correspondence for filling. Press the start button, the filling wheel starts to rotate and fill. Position 1 is the start of filling, 9 is filling stop, 17 is out of bottle. For each filling head, its work flow is as follows: 1 work station begins filling-9 station filling end-17 position out of bottle.The biggest feature of the liquid filling machine is that one servo pump corresponds to the continuous filling of two filling heads, and the two filling heads controlled by the same servo pump are installed at 180 degrees. Take No.1 servo pump as an example, control 1 filling head and 13 filling head, 1 filling head and 13 filling head carry out the above filling one stop one bottle out action, respectively, so each servo pumps work flow is as follows: filling liquid, sucking liquid and sucking liquid.Arrangement of sensorsSensor layout, No. 1 as a reset sensor, its main role is: press the reset button, filling the main motor drive system rotation, when the reset sensor 1 detects the filling head 1 rotation to this position, PLC control filling main motor stop, The main motor reset is completed, the purpose is to make the No. 1 filling head stop at the starting position of filling before each start operation. 3 is the detection sensor with or without bottle. When the bottle is detected, the sensor sends the detection signal to PLC so that the corresponding servo pump can be started. Perform filling action; if there is no bottle, the corresponding servo pump does not act, thus realizing the function of no bottle without filling. The sensor, when the filling head rotates to this position, stops filling. This is also the filling mark position. 5- 16 sensor is the limit position detection sensor on the filling pump, and the 17-28 sensor is the limit position detection sensor under the filling pump. The filling pump moves up and down in a straight line with the servo motor driving the fixed stroke. Normally, the sensor 5- 28 will not be outside the motion stroke. At the same time, when the servo motor is reset, the servo motor drives the ceramic pump to the lower limit position. Ensure that all ceramic pumps are at the bottom before filling begins, so sensor 17-28 is also a reset sensor for servo motors Apparatus.Sensor 29 is a bottle cap sensor. The filled bottle enters the cap assembly through the III. If the sensor 29 detects that the work station has no bottle, then the cap electromagnetic body moves, so that the corresponding rotary cap head has no cover, so that the bottle without cap is realized. Improve the use rate of lid and automation level of filling machine, at the same time can prevent the remaining cover from falling into the filling system to cause mechanical failure. Sensor 30 as position detection sensor, when the cover head drops to this position, The sensor transmits the signal to the PLC, then controls the capping servo motor to stop, and the capping action is completed.changing-overThe biggest feature of the filling machine is the control of two filling heads by the same servo pump and continuous filling. In addition, as the servo pump is to control two filling heads, the ceramic pump needs to be converted between three openings in the filling cycle, and the change of the ceramic pump has a stepper motor to achieve. There are three 120 degrees on the outer side of the ceramic pump. The opening is for the inlet, the outlet 1 and the outlet 2, and the two outlet ports are connected with two 180 degrees of filling head. The inner rotation range is based on the inlet (middle), and turns 120 degrees.Gravity and Pressure FillersThe Gravity and Pressure/Gravity Fillers are suitable for bottling virtually any water-thin to medium consistent viscosity liquid. Gravity fillers are ideally suited for thin, foamy products where pressure/gravity fillers handle heavier viscosity products.Pump FillersE- PAK offers several different types of pump fillers to accommodate a wide variety of products. They provide an accurate and versatile method for filling low, medium and high viscosity liquids into a wide range of containers. E-PAK uses a variety of pumps including progressive cavity pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, rotor pumps or whichever is best for the application. We work with each customer to choose the right pumps, valves, and fittings for each application.Gravity, Pressure & Vacuum Overflow Bottle Fillers Overflow Fillers provide the same cosmetic fill level, making them ideal for filling transparent containers that must have a consistent fill level. Gravity and pressure overflow fillers are designed to handle thin to medium viscosity products. The E-PAK Vacuum Overflow Filler is used for specialty filling applications and is typically used to fill small volume glass containers with low viscosity liquids.Piston Filling SystemsPiston fillers are another great option for packaging liquids. They offer fast and accurate fill rates, versatility with the ability to handle many different types of products, and theyre gentle on products. Theyre ideal for viscous liquids including batters, sauces, pastes, icing, chunky fillings, and certain aerated products. Generally, these liquid packing machines are used to fill liquids that are squeezed through pastry bags or similar packaging.Net Weigh Bottle FillersNet weigh liquid filling systems are great for making sure that each container you fill contains the same amoun
展开阅读全文