工大英语翻译ericp.ppt

工大英语翻译例句,ERICPEI,Ihavehadgreatdealoftrouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学),keepingupwiththerestoftheclass.trouble可以用在句型havetroubledoingsth.做某事有困难中，这时，trouble可以用difficulty来代替。,keepupwith意为跟上，指并肩前进，并驾齐驱，不至落后、掉队。catchupwith意为赶上，指从后边追上或改变落后状。,2.Idontmindyour_(你延期做出决定)thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.,delayingmakingmind作及物动词，后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。Delay后接动词时，应该接动词的ing形式。Whyhavetheydelayedopeningtheschool?Wemustdelayourjourneyuntiltheweatherproves.,3.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelatives_(起着不可缺少的作用)inraisingchildren.,playindispensablerolesplayapart/rolein起着作用，饰演的角色。,4.Markoften_(试图逃脱罚款)wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.,attemptstoescapebeingfinedescape后面要接动名词形式。常与介词from搭配，如Hehasescapedfromthefire.,5.WhenI_(发现他骗我)Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.,caught/foundhimcheatingmefind/catch+宾语+宾补,如Ifoundhimstandingbytheriver.,6.Isuggestedhe_(使自己适应)hisnewconditions.,shouldadapthimselfto,suggest作“建议”时，其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型“suggestthatsb.(should)dosth.”结构;从suggest还可以联想到宾语从句中同样要用虚拟语气的相关动词如：insist，demand，order，ask，advise等。adaptoneselfto使自己适应或习惯于其他搭配：adaptfrom根据改写/改编Apartfromhisnosehesquitegood-looking.=exceptfor;independentlyofsthApartfromtheinjuriestohisfaceandhands,hebrokethelegs.=inadditionto,7.Whatalovelyparty!Itsworth_(牢记一生).,rememberingallmylifebeworthdoing/值得做某事,还有说法是worthsth.如：Heisworththepraise.Thethievesstole$1millionworthofjewellery.worthy=worthyofsth/todosth=deservingsthortodosthTheireffortsareworthyofyoursupport.astatementworthyofcontemptShesaidshewasnotworthytoacceptthehonortheyhadofferedher.,8.Ifyouwontagreetoourplan,_(他们也不会同意).,neitherwilltheyneither表示两者都不，表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装。如：Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.,9.Hisremarksleftme_(想知道他的真实目的).,wonderingabouthisrealpurposeleavesbdoing让继续处于某种状态;leavesbtodosth让某人干某事,10.Ifyouhad_(听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦),followedmyadvice,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法从句：if+主语+动词的过去式(be用were)+主句：主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形+,11.Thoughyoustayintheseaforweeks,youwillnot_(失去联系)theoutsideworld.,losecontactwithlosecontactwith/losetouchwith与失去联系,12.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_(正在研制)andperfectednow.,arebeingdeveloped“bebeingdone”现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。Youarebeingridiculous.,13.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_(有很强的影响)thecharacterofthechildren.,hasastronginfluenceon/effectoninfluence/effect作名词(常与on连用)对有影响力。influence指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响,如:Influencedbyahigh-schoolbiologyteacher,hetookupthestudyofmedicine.effect指实现、达成,着重造成一种特殊的效果,如:Thisbookeffectedachangeinmyopinion.,14.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_(肯定没打扫过).,canthavebeencleaned“情态动词+havedone”表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。Can表示不可能，maynot表示可能不。如题中推测的为过去的事情，情态动词后则用完成形式。,15.Withtearsonherface,thelady_(看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室),watchedherinjuredsonsentintotheoperationroom.see/watchsb./sth.+done强调某动作的全过程，且宾语和动作间是被动关系,Heisbeingfunny（他在故意做出滑稽可笑的样子）通常意味着HeisonlyjokingDontbelievehim（他只是开玩笑，不要相信他）。Sheisjustbeingpolite（她只是做出有礼貌的样子）可能意指Sheisonlypretendingtoadmireyourcarclotheshouse等（她装做表示羡慕你的车子衣服房子等）。,Iwasntsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhe_polite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe,“be+being+形容词”强调某人在特定的某个时刻或时候的状况，而不是指这个人一直都是这样的。如果指某个人一直都是这样，就应把being去掉。例如：,Tomisbeingfoolish（汤姆此刻正在说傻话或做傻事）.本句意指主语此刻正在表现出这种特征。试把这个句子与Tomisfoolish（汤姆很愚蠢）相比较。后一句意指汤姆在言谈和行动上总是愚蠢的。,Heisbeingstubborn.他在这件事上是很固执的。Heisstubborn.他是一个固执的人(平常就很固执)。,有些形容词如stupid，difficult，funny，polite等用于进行式时，可以意味着主语有意这样做。例如：Youarebeingstupid（你有意装傻）可以意指Youarenottryingtounderstand（你不想努力弄懂）。Heisbeingdifficult（他故意犯别扭）通常意味着Heisraisingunnecessaryobjections.（他正在提出一些不必要的异议）。,英语否定句的译法,Noordinarystudentcansolvetheproblem.,一般学生无法解答这个问题。,Itisnoteasyforanyonewhohasnotbeeninsuchasituationtoimaginehowfrightenedandanxiouswewere.,不是处在那个情况下的人，不易想象当时我们的恐惧与焦虑。,NoneofthemisthemanIsawlastnight.,他们都不是昨晚我见到的那个人。,Theyneverdreamtthateverymovetheymadewasreportedtotheheadquartersofthesecretpolice.,他们怎么也想象不到，他一举一动都被报告给秘密警察总部。,Wemetnobodyonourwayhere,sowehavenoproofofourinnocence.,我们来此的路上并未遇见任何人，所以无法证明我们无罪。,Nothinglookssopeacefulasacountrysnowscene.,什么也比不上乡村雪景的安静、祥和。,Neitherroadwilltakeyoutothestation.,两条路都不通往车站。,部分否定英语的部分否定多半由表示“全体；完全”的词与否定词连用所形成的，通常译作“并非都”，所以“bothnot”不是“两个都不”，而是“并非两个都”；allnot不是“全部都不”，而是“不都是；不全是”。此外，常用来表示部分否定的习惯用语还有everynot“并非每个都”，notalways“未必”，notexactly不全是，未必就；notnecessarily（未必）；notaltogether并不全为。,Bothofthesistersarenothere.,姐妹俩没有都在这儿。,Allfoolsaresotsbutallsotsarenotfools.,笨人全都是酒鬼，但酒鬼并非都是笨人。,Everybodydoesnotbelievetherumor.,并非每个人都听信这个谣言。,ImnotalwaysathomeonSundays.,我未必每个星期日都在家。,Idontknowherageexactly.,我不确知他的年龄。,ItisnotnecessarilybecauseEnglishissuperiortootherlanguagesthatithasspreadmorewidelythanothers.,未必因为英语比其他语言优越而传播得广。,Thefaultisnotaltogethermine.,错不全在我。,双重否定,Todaywecannotwalkafewstepswithoutnoticingadvertising.,今日我们走几步路，一定会注意到两旁的广告。,Heneverletsaweekgobywithouttelephoninghisparentsinthecountry.,他没有一个星期不打电话给在乡下的父母。,Thereisnothingsodifficultthatitdoesnotbecomeeasybypractice.,没有一件事会难到经过练习还不能变容易的。,Notadaypassedbutsheprayedforherson.,她每天无不为她儿子祈祷。,Itneverrainswithoutpours.,不雨则已，一雨倾盆。（祸不单行）,Thereisnomanintheworldwhodoesnotmakemistakes.,世界上没有人不犯错误。,Dontjustsaynothing.,不要什么都不说。,翻译的技巧和方法有很多，但是只有在构建了良好的句子结构的基础上，使用适当的技巧和方法才能起到画龙点睛的作用，为了帮助考生提高翻译能力，考试吧整理了以下“2010年12月英语四级考试翻译备考笔记”资料，供考生复习。1.根据上下文辨词义。(1)词义有轻重的不同例如表示“打破”的词break是最一般的用语，意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。crack是出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片。crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。destroy是完全摧毁，使之无法复原。shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。又如表示“闪光”的词shine照耀;指光的稳定发射。glitter闪光;指光的不稳定发射。glare耀眼;表示光的最强度。sparkle闪烁;指发射微细的光度。(2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同在一定上下文中，在agriculture，farming，cultivation，agronomy四个词中：agriculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程，所包含的范围最广。farming指农业的实践。cultivation指农业物的栽培过程。agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。,又如在empty，vacant，hollow这组同义词中，它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容：empty可以用来形容house，room，cup，box，stomach，head，words等词，表示“空的，一无所有。”vacant可以用来形容position，room，house，seat等词表示“没有人占用的，空缺的。”hollow可以和tree，voice，sound，cheeks等词连用，表示“空洞的，虚的，不实的，下陷的。”2.论褒贬，即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度。任何语言都有语体之分，有高雅的、通俗的、粗野的，还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中，作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征，更是常用的方法。翻译时，必须审其雅俗，量其轻重，这样，才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同。如“死”就有许多委婉的说法：toexpire逝世topassaway与世长辞toclose(end)onesday寿终tobreatheoneslast断气togowest归西天topaythedebtofnature了结尘缘todeparttotheworldofshadows命归黄泉togiveuptheghost见阎王tokickthebucket翘辫子tokickuponesheels蹬腿,又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法：Sheishavingababy.Sheisexpecting.Sheisinthefamilyway.Sheisknittinglittlebooties.Sheisinadelicatecondition.Sheisinaninterestingcondition.又如“警察”：policeman正式用语cop美国口语bobby英国口语nab美国俚语,价格；薪资=price;charge;cost;expense;fare;fee;wage;salary;pay,price和charge都是指被索求的金额，而不是实际支付的数额。这两个词的差别在于price指出售商品的价格，如thepriceofacamera（照相机的价格）；charge偏重于通讯、公用事业的费用，如thechargeofatelephonecall（话费）。,cost和expense则指实际支付的费用。换句话说，price和charge是从卖方角度订的金额，cost和expense则是买方原意支付的费用。以一次旅行的费用而言，车费是railroadfare，住宿费是hotelcharge，餐费是thecostoffoodanddrink,这些费用加上一些拉拉杂杂的买当地特产、娱乐等费用，合称为travelingexpenses（旅游费用）。,fare主要指搭乘交通工具所付的费用，如taxifare出租车费。fee主要指支付医师、律师、教师、艺术家等专门性职业人员的费用。而且fee是接受服务后按次付给的，有别于定期支付的wage,salary,pay等词。,wage主要指付给手工或劳力的工资，常以小时、日、周作为计算单位，而salary是指付给知识性或专门工作者，是比wage更为长期的固定薪俸（如月薪或半月薪）。pay与wage,salary意思大致相同，日常会话常以这个词来代替其他二词，如Whatsthepaylike?薪水多少？Oh,thepaysprettygoodbuttheworkisawful.喔，薪水很高，但工作很不轻松。军人的军饷也用pay表示。,汤姆：这台电视机价格多少？,Tom:WhatwasthepriceofthisTV?,乔：嗯，原来的价格是300美元，但老板和我是好朋友，所以只卖我270美元。,Joe:Well,theregularpriceis$300(dollars),butthestoreownerisafriendofmine,soitcostmeonly$270.,乔：然而换电视天线的方向又花了我一些钱。,Joe:However,therewasasmallchargeforchangingthedirectionofmyantenna.,乔：此外，我还得付从家里到店里的来回出租车费。,Joe:Inaddition,Ihadtopaythetaxifaretothestoreandbackhomeagain.,汤姆：喔，买台电视还要附带许多许多花费，你怎么有能力负担呢？,Tom:Oh,therearealotofexpensesconnectedwithbuyingaTV.Howcanyouaffordsomuchmoney?,乔：嗯，虽然我没有固定的薪水，但是病人却付给我这医生一大笔看病的费用呢！,Joe:Well,Idonthaveafixedsalary,butmypatientspaymebigfeesformyserviceasadoctor.,拒绝=reject;refuse;decline;deny,这一组词的前三个-reject,refuse,decline虽然都是“拒绝”的意思，但是严厉的程度有所不同。decline是对招待、提议、请求等的婉拒，语气郑重而礼貌，在这三者中最为温和，如Hedeclinedmyinvitation.他婉拒了我的邀请。refuse强调肯定的拒绝，不会对这个决心产生怀疑（也就是断然的拒绝），如Herefusedtogowithme.他拒绝和我一起去。但是对于好意的招待，如果使用这个词，则会显得失礼。reject指断然拒绝别人所提、所请、所给的事儿，或断然拒绝相信、聆听等，比refuse更强调否定或敌意，如Herejectedmyfriendlyadvice.他拒绝了我善意的劝告。此外在用法上，reject之后不能接to+原形动词，只能接名词或以被动的方式出现，decline和refuse则三种用法均可。deny这个词，在（Hedenieshissonnothing.他从不拒绝他儿子的要求。）的句子里，可以用reject,refuse代换，但是它的基本含义是对某个事实、意见的否认或否定。,我受邀参加结婚喜宴，但我谢绝他们，婉拒了这邀请，因为新娘是我以前的女朋友。,Iwasinvitedtotheweddingreception,butasthebridewasanoldgirlfriendofmine,Ideclinedtheinvitationwiththanks.,他的老板给他许多善意的劝告，但他全部都拒绝了，依旧我行我素。,Hisbossgavehimlotsofgoodadvicebutherefuseditallandkeptongoinghisownway.,男孩子邀简开车兜风，但她拒绝了。,TheboyaskedJanetogoforadrivewithhimbutsherefusedtogo.,有人说“人不为己，天诛地灭。”但我不赞同这种说法，它全然错误。,SomesaypeopleneedonlythinkofthemselvesbutIrejectthatideaascompletelywrong.,约翰否认他做的，他说是你。你也否认吗？,Johndeniesthathediditandsaysyoudidit.Doyoudenyit,too?,旅行=travel;journey;trip;tour;excursion,提到了“旅行”这个词的英译，大多数人都会首先想到travel，其实travel是个不大好使用的词。Travel一词虽然也出现在辞典里，实际上不常用。单数形式的travel一般当作不可数名词，如Heisfondoftravel.他喜欢旅行。(b)复数名词的travels是指国外旅行或长途、长时间的旅行。(c)Travel也可用作动词，而且作动词的最多。Journey用于指至某一地方有一定目的的长途旅行，或是甚为困顿的陆上旅行，常和laborious,hard,tough等形容词连用。Trip是一般用语，指较短的旅行，通常是因公事或旅乐而进行的旅行。Trip和tour都含“回到启程地”之意，如HetookatriptoHonolulu.他到檀香山旅行。Tour不同于trip，tour指因观光、考察而进行的长时间旅行。Excursion指远足、游览等，是为了游乐，多人一起所进行的短暂之游，尤指搭火车或乘船的旅行。,Travelbroadensthemind.,旅行能扩大心胸。,汤姆时常演讲旅游见闻。,Tomoftengivestalksabouthistravel.,他已旅游过全球千万英里路。,Hehastravelledthousandsandthousandsofmilesallaroundtheglobe.,由南线到欧洲旅程漫长。,ItsaverylongjourneytoEuropebythesouthernroute.,汤姆经常到香港出差。,TomoftengoestoHongKongonbusinesstrips.,在我们国家，公共汽车公司常举办海滨一日游。,Inourcountry,thebuscompaniesoftenrundayexcursionstotheseaside.,你可以每次到不同的地方，游遍这附近美丽海滨。,Bygoingondifferentones,youcanmakeatourofallthenicebeachesaround.,before的物种译法Beforeshecamehere,sheworkedasawaitressinarestaurant.,她未来此之前是在一家餐厅当服务生。（之前）,Beforeheknewwherehewas,hewasledtoanotherroom.,他尚未认清身处何处，又被带到另一个房间去。（尚未）,Ihadnotwaitedlongbeforehecame.,我没有等多久他就来了。（before不译出）,Itwillbeyearsbeforewemeetagain.,我们再见面可能要几年以后了。（以后）,IwilldiebeforeIsubmit.,我宁死不屈。（宁可）,notbecause译法Because用在否定句时，否定词not可能修饰动词，也可能修饰because索引导的状语从句。同样一句话，却又两种不同的含义。如：Youshouldnotdespisehimbecauseheisonlyachild.,1.你不应该轻视他，因为他只是个小孩。not修饰despise,2.你不应该因为他是个小孩子就轻视他。Not修饰because,IdidnotmarryherbecauseIlovedher.,我没和她结婚，因为我爱她。Not修饰marry,我并不是因为爱她而和她结婚。Not修饰because.,但有些句子可依句意看出一种含义是合理的。例如：Hedidnotcomebecausehewantedtoseeme.他并非因为要见我而来。（not修饰come,译为“因为他要见我，所以没有来”，显然是不合理的句子。,Sheeatsuntilshessick.Herteethandtonguearecoatedingrease.,她吃呀吃，吃出病来了，牙齿和舌头上挂着一层脂腻。,Thediseaseinwhichthebonesbecomebrittleandbreakeasilyisoftenassociatedwitholderwomen.,这种病会使骨头变脆、易折，易患人群为年长的妇女。,摸摸,tofeel,拍拍,topat,toclap,逛逛,totakeastroll,看看,tohavealook,Choosetherightwordsorexpressioninthebracketstocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences:,1.Theprofessorlookedoverourpaperswithahasty.,sight,glance,2.Beforeorderingtheirdinner,theyconsideredthemeritsofchickenandroastbeef.,relevant,relative,3.Thelittleboysconstantnoisehisfather,whowasbusywritingapaperforasymposium.,exhilarated,exasperated,4.Isntittoliveinacitywithsomanyvehiclespassingdayandnight.,wholesome,noisome,5.Hewasborninasmalltownbyabout500people.,lived,inhabited,6.Herdeskwasallwitholdpapers,strings,andotheroddsandends.,jumbled,cluttered,7.Hethinkstheyareextremely,foralltheirpragmatism.,idealistic,ideal,8.Shemadeonelasttoherfatherforpermissiontogototheparty.,attraction,appeal,9.Dontoverlookthejobofasecretary.Itbetweenfailureandsuccessforthecompany.,10.Thenewly-launchedsatelliteisexpectedtoobtaindataonsolarradiation,skybrightness,andotherimportant.,11.HowcanyoubecontenttodosuchtasksaswashingdisheshereintheStates.,12.Aisajudgmentformedbeforeexaminingtheevidence.,13.Wealllistentomusicaccordingtoourcapacities.,15.Knowledgewillalwaysoverignorance.,16.WhenthiscorporationenteredtheChinesemarket8yearsago,itaimedtooccupyalargermarketsharetomakeprofitintheshortrun.,17.Ofalltheanimal,theapeisasthemostforgivinganimal.,ratherthan,register,thinkof,awareof,predominate,insteadof,liebehind,prejudice,menial,separate,makethedifference,phenomenon,phenomena,1.Hisstoryofhavingdiscoveredthetreasureburiedbysomepiratesseemedtoeveryone.,incredible,incredulous,2.“Butthepianoisoutof,”shesaidinadisappointed.,tune,tone,3.Herfriendsexpressedgreattoherwhenhermotherdied.,sympathy,empathy,4.Theyarenowenjoyingashortattheseashore.,vocation,vacation,5.Apersonisonewhoishappywithwhathehas.,content,contented,6.Allthestreetswillbetomorroweveningforthecelebration.,eliminated,illuminated,7.Herinwearingthatold-fashionedhatsurprisedherhusband.,perseverance,persistence,8.Theeffectoftheofficersspeechwassuchthatthearmyrecovereditsatonce.,moral,morale,Wedontseeeachotherveryoften,butonceinawhilewearrangetohavelunchtogether.,2.PleasegivethebooktoNancyandaskhertogiveittoDavidwhensheisthroughwithit.,3.HisdaysinThailandwerefullofimportantevents.,4.Villageenterpriseshaveappearedoneafteranotherinthisareaandtheyhavebroughtthepeasantsmanyjobopportunities.,5.ManychildreninthatAfricancountryhavediedbecausetheyhavenothadenoughtoeat.,6.Sinceancienttimes,thesesmallislandshavebeenpartofChina.,7.Morewindbreaks(防护林)arebeingbuiltinNorthwestChinatostoptheexpansionofthedesert.,8.Sometimeswehearthemexpressingdissatisfactionabouttheirlibraryservice.,1.(不论演奏过多少回)，theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.,Nomatterhowfrequentlyperformed考查nomatterhow“无论如何”引导的状语从句。,Nomatterwho,what,where,=whoever,whatever,whereverDontopenthedoor,nomatterwhocomes.Donttrusthim,nomatterwhathesays.,2.Whenyougetmenintothatstateofanger,_(他们很容易出麻烦).,theyareapttomaketroublebeaptto表示“易于做某事”，指人的机体或精神上的固有的或习惯的倾向等;maketrouble表示“惹麻烦”。,beapttodosth=likelyorhavingatendencytodosth:Iamapttobeforgetful,careless,quick-temperedasIamadvancinginage.Mypenisratherapttoleak.aptatdoingsth:quickatlearningShessmartandveryaptatprogrammingacomputer.,3._(尽管我很崇拜他是个作家),Idontlikehimasaman.,MuchasIadmirehimasawriter让步状语从句：muchas表示“尽管”，as引导的让步状语从句，其主要结构为：形容词/副词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语，much表示程度;admirehimasawriter译为“崇拜他是作家”。,notmuchofa=notagood(sth)Hesnotmuchofacricketer.Imnotmuchofacorrespondent,ieIrarelywriteletters.notsomuchsthassth=notonethingbutrathersthelse:Shesnotsomuchpoorascarelesswithmoney.与其说他穷不如说他花钱大手大脚。,4.Hiseyeswerereadingbooks_(脑子却在胡思乱想).,whilehismindwaswanderingwhile表示“却”;mindwaswandering表示“胡思乱想”。,while=usedtoshowacontrastIdrinkblackcoffeewhileheprefersitwithcream.EnglishisunderstoodallovertheworldwhileTurkishisspokenbyonlya,fewpeopleoutsideTurkeyitself.,5.Onlyinthisway_(我们才能在毕业之后很快适应社会).,canweadapt(ourselves)tothesocietyquicklyafterwegraduate本题考查对倒装句、adapt的用法以及after引导的时间状语从句的掌握。only引起的状语位于句首时，句子须部分倒装。本题中要将情态动词can提前。adapt作“适应”解时常用于adapt(oneself)tosth.的结构。,adaptoneselftosth=becomeadjustedtonewconditionsOureyesslowlyadaptedtothedark.Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothenewclimate.only=wereitnotforthefactthat:Hewouldprobablydowellintheexaminationonlyhegetsverynervous.,6._(他真正希望得到的东西)isencouragementfromhisparentsandteachers.,Whathereallyhopesfor本题考查主语从句。例如：Whatmatterstousishowtomakeourcampuslifemeaningfulandfruitful.对我们来说，重要的是如何让我们的校园生活有意义、有收获。,7.Itwasadvisedthat_(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).,moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式。,a)用在decide,decree,demand,insist,move（提议）,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中。Heorderedthatallthebooksbesent(shouldbesent)atonce.Weproposethatsomebodyneutraltakethechair.（担任主席）Sheinsistedthatshegotothesouthforherholiday.Congresshasdecided/voted/decreedthatthepresentlawbemaintained.Thedoctorinsistedthathenoteatmeat.,b)用在advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等形容词后的that分句中。Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay.Ithoughtitadvisablethatanarmedguardstandinreadiness.Itwasappropriatethatthistaxbeabolished.Itisimportantthatthismissionnotfail.,Heorderedthatthebooksbesentatonce.=Heorderedthatthebooksshouldbesentatonce.=Heorderedthebookstobesentatonce.Itisimportantthatshebeplacedinanappropriatejob.=Itisimportantthatsheshouldbeplacedinanappropriatejob.=Itisimportantforhertobeplacedinanappropriatejob.,8.Whydidntyoutellmeyoucouldlendmethemoney?I(本来不必从银行借钱的).,neednthaveborroweditfromthebank本题考查虚拟语气的用法，neednthavedone的结构是“本不必这样做而做了”的意思。,Hemustbethere.=Imsure(that)heisthere.Ourteammightwintherace.=Itispossiblethatourteamwillwintherace.Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.=Imsurethatheisworkinglateattheoffice.Hemustbecallingtonight.=Imsurethatheiscallingtonight.情态动词之后的不定时若为非完成体形式则表示现在时间或将来时间。,Hemusthavegone.=Imsurethathe,hasgone.,went.,Hemayhavecomelastyear.=Itispossiblethathecamelastyear.,Theycanthavebeenwaitingsolong.=Icantbelievethattheyhavebeenwaitingsolong.Hemusthavebeendozing.=Imsurehewasdozing.,情态动词之后的不定时若为完成体形式，则表示过去时间。,现在完成进行体也可以是过去进行体，需视上下文而定。,9.(正是由于她太没有经验)thatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.,Itisbecausesheistooinexperienced没有经验可以用一个形容词来翻译，即inexperienced。,10.I(将在做实验)fromthreetofivethisafternoon.,willbedoing/conductingtheexperiment本题考查将来时态的用法，“做实验”既可用doexperiment也可用conductexperiment。,will/shall+不定时进行体，表示将来某一时刻或时段里进行的动作。IwillbeworkinginGenevaduringMay.Willyoubedrivingacar?Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrowmorning?will/shall+不定时进行体，带有“自然要发生”的含义，不包含说话人主观看法：Thetrainwillbearrivingattwooclock.Ishallbewritingtoyousoon.Hewontbecomingtothepartythisevening.,11.Itisnotyetknown_(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).,whether/ifrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvisionwhether/if引导后置的主语从句,12._(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他),thecomedianalwayshadaquick,sharpreply.,Howeverhardsomepeopleintheaudiencetriedtoupsethim表示为难，此处用upset，当然我们也可以用madesb.inadifficultposition，或embarrasssb.,13.Hisremarksleftme_(想知道他的真实目的).,wonderingabouthisrealpurposeleavesb.doing让继续处于某种状态;leavesb.todosth.让某人干某事,14.Ifyouhad_(听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦).,followedmyadvice,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法。从句：if+主语+动词的过去式(be用were)+主句：主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形+,15.Thegovernmentwasaccused_(没能实现其改善城市交通状况的承诺).,offailuretofulfillitspromisetoimproveurbantrafficconditions/offailingtofulfillitspromisetoimproveurbantrafficconditions本题考查对accuse的用法及短语fulfillonespromiseto的掌握。Accuse“指责、控告”常用于accusesb.ofsth./doingsth.的结构，所以wasaccusedof之后用failure和failing都可以。“实现的承诺”用fulfillonespromiseto表示，to后接动词原形。,