定语从句高考点例析.ppt

定语从句高考点例析,授课人：2008-11-24,Proverbs,Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。Alliswellthatendwell.结局好，一切都好。Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknowuntilitislost.真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。,RevisionAttributiveClause（定语从句）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词/关系词,引导词,关系代词:whowhomthatwhichwhose,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,Summary关系代词用法,关系副词的用法,Attributiveclause1.Agoodfriendissomeone_makesmehappy.2.Youhavetosurvivewithoutfriendsandallthethings_youuseinyoureverydaylife.3.Chuckisabusinessman_isalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.4.Heisasuccessfulmanagerinacompany_sendsmailallovertheworld.5.Chuckdevelopsafriendshipwithanunusualfriend-avolleyball_hecalledWilson.,who/that,that,who/that,that/which,that/which,Dothefollowingexecises.,6.Isthereanything_isnotcleartoyou?8.Therearemorethan42countries_themajorityofthepeoplespeakEnglish9.Thenumberofpeople_learnEnglishasaforeignlanguageismorethan750million.10.InchinastudentslearnEnglishatschoolasaforeignlanguage,exceptforthoseinHongkong,_manypeoplespeakEnglishasafirstorasecondlanguage.,that,where,Who/that,where,Haveatry,指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.(),主语宾语定语宾语,Haveatry,5.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(),定语介宾宾语状语,考点一：that和which,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.,考点一：that和which,3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,考点二：连接词which的用法,Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,BB,Good!,考点三：介词+关系代词,*“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which,D,D,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,关系代词前介词的确定,4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,关系代词前的介词的确定,5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,从2007年高考题看定语从句的考查热点,典型考题：3.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.（2007山东）A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen析：答案为D。sincewhen=since1946。句意为：这本书写于1946年，从那年开始教育制度经历了很大变革。4.Weshouldntspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_arehealthy.（2007北京）A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom析：答案为D。mostofwhomarehealthy是一个非限制性定语从句，相当于mostofpeoplearehealthy。5.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.（2007安徽）A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom析：答案为D。根据句意可知，这两个人都不想买这栋房子，因此选neitherofwhom。neither“两个都不”。,从2007年高考题看定语从句的考查热点,6.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.（2007重庆）A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich析：答案为B。本题是根据先行词的需要来选择介词的。todegree“的程度”。句意为：人类和动物的面部表情的区别在于他们能够有意识地控制表情的程度不同。7.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.（2007四川）A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich析：答案为D。,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,考点四:关系副词的运用,在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。e.g.1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,BD,考点五：as与which引导的定语从句,as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的意思，但两者在用法上是有区别的。as引导的非限制性定语从句常用来表示说话人关于某事的依据、态度、解释或评论等，含有“正如”的意思，可放在主句的前面、中间或句末。而which引导的非限制性定语从句，一般表示某事的状况或结果，只能放在主句的后面。两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.,GoonPlease!,3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.,Goonplease!,4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等。位于句首时成为一种固定用法：asisknowntoall,ashasbeensaidbefore等；如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.,从2007年高考题看定语从句的考查热点,典型考题：8.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.（2007湖南）A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that析：答案为B。which引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句。,考点六：考查定语从句和其他从句或句型的区别,英语中的复合句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句统称为名词性从句）。在高考英语试题中，复合句占有较大的比例，同学们在解题时应该注意弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法以及各从句的特点及区别。,从2007年高考题看定语从句的考查热点,典型考题：9.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?Thats_thebestjobsare.（2007浙江）A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why析：答案为A。where在这里引导表语从句。10._mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.（2007全国卷II）A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which析：答案为A。What引导的是主语从句。句意为：学习英语的关键在于充足的练习。11.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright_isofimportance.（2007重庆）A.whichB.itC.thatD.this析：答案为C。这是由“itis+强调部分+that”构成的强调结构，强调部分为notwhoisrightbutwhatisright。句意为；重要的不是谁是对的，而是什么是对的。,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.ThosethathaventbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.,in,when,_,who,_,(that/which),Correctthesentences:,9.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correctthesentences:,13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.,as,who,_,_,_,gives,why,Correctthesentences:,17.Itistheoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.18.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.19.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.20.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,Correctthesentences:,21.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.22.ThestudentwhosbookIhadborroweddidntcometoschooltoday.23.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.24.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.,as,_,Whose,_,that,_,on,_,Homework:2008高考定语从句试题,1.(2008安徽26)Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily._theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that2.(2008全国216)Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.itB.whatC.whichD.that3.(2008北京28)Illgiveyouyfriendshomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where4.(2008上海春季37)Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry._therewontbemuchworkA.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich5.(2008上海卷38)Wewentthroughaperiod_communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich6.(2008重庆21)TheywillflytoWashington,theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when,Homework:2008高考定语从句试题,7.(2008四川4)Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,_NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich8.(2008浙江8)Yesterdayshesoldhercar,_sheboughtamonthago.A.whomB.whereC.thatD.which9.(2008福建31)Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich10.(2008湖南31)thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat11.(2008江西35)Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which12.(2008山东26)Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when13.(2008江苏24)TheScienceMuseum,_wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondonstouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where,Thanksforattention!Goodbye!,