医学考博英语作文

.考博英语作文一般分为45段1、 主题词要非常准确2、 首段、尤其是首句要非常优美，一般采用固定句式3、 时间安排：a) 5分钟，确定主题词，文章结构，分段（35段），组织每段内容，用序号标注，想好连接词，结构要严谨，段段相扣、句句相扣b) 15分钟，草稿，1215个句子，连词运用灵活多变，形容词副词运用恰当，名词使用准确，行文流畅c) 25分钟，正式抄写作文，书写工整，卷面整洁，行文流畅，没有错误d) 5分钟，检查：语法结构，主谓结构，时态，语序，词汇4、 翻译时的原则：a) 捡自己会写的翻译b) 平时脑中有自己的框架（整理出2030个备用句型，将作文题看作是选择填空题，考试时视情况选用）（长句，每句都应有12个亮点）c) 注意收集主题词首段的写法首句：概念：refers to、be defined as、meansLifestyle refers to a model of living activities of human being.开头陈述背景、事实：nowadays、with the development of、according to、开头强调：it goes without saying thatEssential as sth is，从句第二句：however, +句子最后一句：In the article、this essay、the authorintroduces、gives、discusses、focus on、several kinds of、several、some、advices、tips、principles、suggestions、methods、Here are several factors to be considered in physical checkup.So how to eat for health? Here are some tips.The essay briefly discusses this issue.Here are some advices from experts.Here is a discussion of the benefits.This essay briefly discusses this relation.The essay focus on the topic of 中间段：常用句式句型一：it 开头句&强调句It is thatIt goes without saying thatTheres no denying thatIt is known thatIt takes 4 stages to progress into an AIDS patient from a HIV carrier.Its the responsibility of the whole society to prevent AIDS.Its necessary to doIt has been proved that the channels of AIDS transmission include. 句型二：倒装句Only by doing so,Adj. /adv. as it is, 名词+从句Varying as it is in different societies, cultures and ages, social medical experts find it closely related to health and vice versa.Omnipresent in our daily food, salt is part of what the body needs.句型三：there be/the+名词 开头句 动名词做主语、不定式做主语There should not be too much sugar in their diet.However, too much salt is harmful to our health, causing hypertension and over-burdening the heart, blood-vessels and kidney.The best way to do is 句型四：从句（一定要搞清句子结构，句子成分不缺失）状语从句：黏贴多个短句Worrying that their routine medication might affect the result of exam, they withhold the medication before the exam.伴随：with the development of ,With the change of , Conclusively, as a new self-healthcare method, physical checkup目的：in order to do/to do同位语从句：黏贴多个短句结构：分句A, doing+分句B.分句A1, doing+分句B, 分句A2.including/which includecausing/which causeetc.定语从句：可用来展开描述, which/when/what/who/where/why插入语：连词，起补充、断句等功能as health experts suggest,最后一段：重复Only by doing soIn short、in summary、in conclusion、consequentlyTaking all these into account，weIt can be concluded from the discussion thatTo be short，change our diet radically for our health and longevity.In a world，eat less salt for our health.Conclusively，walking on a regular basis is important for diabetic patients to keep their diabetes under good control，in addition to dieting.Patients negative emotions about surgery can be preventable and controlled.Conclusively，reading books and newspapers can help reduce stress、increase concentration、slow memory loss、preventing aging and make life as a whole more interesting.Although there has been no medication for AIDS，it can be prevented.词汇一：饮食与健康饮食：diet、our daily diet、eating、breakfast、lunch、dinner、light diet、food safety、食品：bread、milk、fresh vegetables、fruit、eggs、meat、fish、carbohydrate food、porridge、dairy products、grains、potatoes、sauce、营养元素：sugar、fat、protein、vitamins、mineral substances、calcium、zinc、calorie、salt、phosphate、fiber、high-fiber food、nutrients、water、cholesterol、形容食品：fatty food、fried food、nutritious、synthetic vitamin、processed food and packaged food、salt food、表饮食习惯：balanced/unbalanced diet、overeating、eat moderately and have meals regularly、eat on time、eat various food、change the sequence of eating、eat high-fiber food and greater variety of food、adapt our diet according to seasonal change、5 grams of salt味道：flavor、small、color、seasoning、spacy、delicious、sweet、富含：rich in calcium、contain、have充足的：sufficient、substantial、abundant、be abundant in、缺乏：lack of、lacking in our diet表摄入、获取：intake、take in、obtain、acquire表消化、吸收、食欲：easy to digest、digestion、absorb、absorption、appetite、improve ones appetite、表提供、表补充、表满足需要：provide with、offer、supplement vitamin A and protein、to meet the need of、eat more than the body needs支持、保证：support、support their rapid body growth、guarantee sth.组成、组分：element、ingredient词汇二：人人群：infants、children、adolescences、teenagers、adults、meddle-aged people、old people、elderly、elder、white-collar workers、blue-collar workers、mental/manual workers、people of different occupations、更年期：menopause、menopausal woman身体部位：bone、muscles、heart、lung、brain、renal、kidney、leg、arm、cardiovascular、stomach、liver、skin、tooth、ligament、fingers、wrist、neck、waist、cerebral、head、breast功能：circulation、respiratory system、immune system、active blood circulation、breathing、improve breathing、metabolic faction、metabolism system行为：inhale、exhale、take in、take out衰落的、衰减的、衰老的、恶化的：declining、declining health、deteriorate、deteriorating metabolism system、aging、cell aging词汇三：生活方式珍爱生命：cherish life、习惯于：be used to doing、be accustomed to、生活方式、生活节奏：lifestyle、unhealthy lifestyle、unsanitary lifestyle、living activities、habits、the pace of life不良行为：smoking、uncontrolled drinking、sedentary、inactive lifestyle、过劳、压力过大：overwork、excess stress、pressure意识：awareness、healthcare awareness、self-healthcare awareness、social awareness、the awareness of、realize、亚健康、肥胖：sub-health、obesity、overweight精力充沛的：energetic、cheerful mood、active、concentrate、actively、指标：blood pressure、blood glucose、blood lipid、abnormal blood lipid、表相关、关系：be related to、the relationship between A and B、the more the better. relationship between doctors and patients、运动、锻炼、读书、走路、体检与健康：sport、aerobic exercise、physical exercise、walk、jogging、swimming、riding、mountain-climbing、travel、running、reading、protecting the heart、adequate sleepiness、好行为的功能：reduce stress、keep health、improve work efficiency、slow down aging、enhance memory、relax the body体检、检查： physical checkup、check、examine表发现、追踪：detect、detection、find out词汇四：心理心理的：psychological factors、psychological stimulation、mental、emotion reaction、body and mind、mental disorders、mental diseases、表紧张、抑郁、焦虑、烦躁：a serious of negative emotions、such as anxious、depression、depressed、tense、nerve、fear、bored、irritable、disappointed、亚健康症状：dreaminess、insomnia、loss of appetite、表性格状况：weak will、defect in character、self-centered、表抚慰、解释、指导、安慰：explain、explanation、comfort、care、guide、caress、心理疗法：caress therapy、placebo、suggestive therapy仁慈的、同情的：mercy、sympathy、kind、humane、医生的语言、举止、行为：doctors speech、behavior and action缓解：alleviate、remove、relax、relief、relieve、词汇五：疾病表病：illness、disease、disorders、discomfort、表严重程度、类型、治疗效果、预后：serious、fatal、threating、infectious、terminal、contagious、curable、incurable、preventable、treatable、病种：chronic diseases、acute diseases、mental-caused disease、diet- and obesity-related diseases、relevant disease、lifestyle-caused disease、病名：stroke、coronary heart disease、diabetes、osteoporosis、cancer、stomach ulcer、hypertension、cerebral infraction、myocardial infraction、tumor、AIDS、bird flu、obesity、fatty liver、表病人：diabetic patient、HIV carriers、AIDS patients、infected person、victims、综合征、症状：syndrome、symptom、具体症状：faint、dizzy、pain、stomach pain、indigestion、nausea、vomit、insomnia、short breath、headache、drowsy、allergy、absent-mind、lose weight、病史：medical history、the family history、传播途径：transmit by air、channels of transmission、routes of transmission、insect-mediated、sex transmission、blood transmission and mother-infant transmission表消毒、感染、输血：strictly sterilize、disinfect、blood transfusion、infect、infection、have teeth pulled、爆发、流行、传播：break out、outbreak、explosion、spread、epidemic、global epidemic、epidemical、plagued by、患、易感的、危险因素：suffer from、susceptible to、factors、risk factor、表发病、发病率：incidence、high incidence、表死、死亡率：death rate、die of、die of ignorance、fatality、fatality rate、fatality from、sudden death、表先兆、暗示：imply、indication、sign、foreboding、hint预防：prevent disease、preventive measure、诊断：diagnosis、diagnose（v.）治疗：treatment、therapy、therapeutic method、medical care、chemotherapy、physiotherapy、psychotherapy、anti-HIV therapy、表用药：pill、drug 、tablet、medication、dosage、painkiller、antibiotic、vaccine、take/administrate/withhold medication、drug abuse副作用：side effect取得进步：make great progress、advances、词汇六：普通名词、医疗表数量、时间、频率：the number of、amount of、time、frequency of、问题、难题、挑战、威胁、危害：issue、big challenge、difficulty、the problem of、subject、threat、NO.1 killer、danger、公众、公共卫生事件：the public、the general public、public health emergency、the common people、福利、福祉、生计：well-being、happiness、livelihood城乡卫生体系：urban-rural health and medical system医疗改革：healthcare reform医疗保险：medical insurance个人和环境卫生：personal and environmental hydration安乐死、临终关怀：euthanasia、terminal care、hospice care伦理、道德、尊严：ethic、moral、morality、dignity表误解、错误观念：misconception、misgiving、医院：public、private、community、integrated、specialized、foreign hospital、Taiwan funded hospital、financial support、nonprofit institution、医护人员：doctor、nurse、physician、surgery、medical staff/workers、medical/health experts、花费相关：comparatively lower price 、rebate of expense、reimbursement of medical expense、pay for、be paid for by、revenue come from、donation、表医患关系、模式：model of healthcare、ideal model、co-operative model、选择：an ideal option/choice 词汇七：动词表降低、减少：reduce、reduction、descend、fall、come down、decrease、decreasing、decrease the risk of、less and less、表增长、上升：rise、ascend、increase、increasing number of、more and more、表提高、表促进、表改进：improve、improve medical technique、promote、enhance、accelerate、表实施、应用：implement、apply to、undertake、employ、be employed、adopt、take up表破坏、伤害、损伤：damage、damage humans immune function、destroy immune system、harm、do harm to our health、shorten lifespan、表保持健康、延长寿命：maintain good health、brings endless happiness、lengthen ones longevity、lengthen ones life、提供：provide with sth. for 、provide people more and better medical service、影响：affect、have an affection /impact on、has an immeasurable effect on ones health、have a big influence on、认为、被认为、被视作：believe、be viewed as、be seemed as、be treated as指出、建议、坚持：point out、suggest、advice、imply、remind、assert、导致：result in、induce、bring damage to、produce a result表注意：pay attention to、take care of、watch out of、what calls for special attention is that、表根据、依赖：depends on、relay on、according to、表分类：divide into 5 kinds、be grouped into 3 classes表吸引：attract、to keep patient、谓语动词：seems、sounds、不能：fail to do、unable to do、cannot情态动词：may、might、should、ought to、表威胁、危害：threaten ones health、threaten the society、表避免：avoid sth.、keep from doing、表变化、多样：change、various、vary、vary according to、a variety of、varied among、表替代、代替：replace、replace the role of、instead、instead of、substitute for、substitution、alternative、词汇八：形容词、副词表重要、必不可少的：be essential to、critical、crucial、be indispensable to、significant、important、nothing is more important than、whats far more important is that、equally important is、ranks NO.1、表合适的、合理的、适当的、适度的：reasonable、proper、moderate、controlled、sensible、rational、a good control of、表不当的：improper、uncontrolled、unreasonable、irrational、表有用、有利的：good、beneficial、be benefic to、have benefit to、helpful、useful、pay important role in、advantageous、advantage、disadvantages、take advantage of、表有毒的、有害的：harmful、toxic、bad、harmful to health、有效的、有用的、起作用的：efficient、effectively、efficiently、表广泛、综合、全面、深远、复杂、极端的：comprehensive、profound、extensive、intricate、instructive、complex、complicated、extreme、表根本地、彻底的、巨大的：radically、all-round reform、tremendous表大量的：a large number of、a large scale of、numerous、on a large scale、表主要的：prominent、prominently、dominate、dominating、primary、main、staple、major、表剧烈的、费力的、持续的：extensive、persistent、insistent、exhausted、vigorous、strenuous表客观的、准确的、具体的：objective、accurate、specific迅速的、快速的、直接地：immediate、directly、表神奇的、微妙的：magical、subtle effect明显的、潜在的：obvious、apparent、visible、potential、invisible表容易、表方便、舒服的：convenient、economical、easy、simple、comfortable表不同、相反：different from表进一步：future、deeper词汇九：连词表顺序：first、second、third、forth、fifth、sixth、to start、for the first、another、on top of that、thenFinally、lastly、last but not least、The former、whereas the latter表另外、同样、也：in addition、on the other hand、moreover、meanwhile、with respect to、as well as、as well、not onlybut also、its equally important to do、and vice versa、表同时、表一起：whereas、while、at the same time、together with表转折：on the contrary、besides、however、表让步：although、in spite of the fact that、表总结：in conclusion、in short、in summary、to sum up、举例子：for example、for instance、such as A、B and C、a case in point is、表原因、由于、因为：because、lies in、result from、for、for the reason that、for the fact that 、ascribe to、be attributed to、表结果：therefore、thus、consequently、as a result时间：over the years、in the long run、nowadays、annually、during the 19th century、no longer、表通常、经常：usually、on a regular basis、frequently表尤其、独有：especially good for、unique to、表是否：whether or not、不幸的是、幸运的是：unfortunately、fortunately如前所述：as stated in the previous paragraph、as has been mentioned above、表倍数：five times as many as、参考、引用、专家建议according to、Experts、medical research、a recent surveys、some recent research done by sb.、clinical studies、shows that 、indicate、prove that、find that、reveal that、reach the conclusion that、give advices onaffects mans life by 50%55%、WHO-recommended daily salt intake is less than 6 grams.However，experts suggest that we rigidly control our daily intake of fat and salt.