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.管理会计作业（chapter16-20）Chapter 16 P757 16.5Aa.(1)Direct materials purchased $ 410,000 (2)Direct materials used:Materials inventory, beginning of year $ 22,000 Add: Purchases of direct materials 410,000 Cost of direct materials available for use $ 432,000 Less: Materials inventory, end of year 26,000 Cost of direct materials used $ 406,000 (3)Payments of direct labor payrolls $ 189,000 (4)Direct labor cost assigned to production $ 192,000 (5)Total manufacturing costs:Direct materials used part a (2) $ 406,000 Direct labor cost 192,000 Manufacturing overhead 393,600 Total manufacturing costs $ 991,600 (6)Cost of finished goods manufactured:Work in process inventory, beginning of year $ 5,000 Add: Total manufacturing costs part a (5) 991,600 Cost of all goods in process during the year $ 996,600 Less: Work in process inventory, end of year 9,000 Cost of finished goods manufactured $ 987,600 (7)Cost of goods sold:Beginning inventory of finished goods $ 38,000 Add: Cost of finished goods manufactured part a (6) 987,600 Cost of goods available for sale $ 1,025,600 Less: Ending inventory of finished goods 25,000 Cost of goods sold $ 1,000,600 (8)Total inventory:Materials inventory $ 26,000 Work in process inventory 9,000 Finished goods inventory 25,000 Total inventory $ 60,000 b.HILLSDALE MANUFACTURING CORP.Schedule of the Cost of Finished Goods ManufacturedFor the Year Ended December 31, 20_ Work in process inventory, beginning of year $ 5,000 Add: Manufacturing costs assigned to production:Direct materials used part a (2) $ 406,000 Direct labor 192,000 Manufacturing overhead 393,600 Total manufacturing costs 991,600 Cost of all goods in process during the year $ 996,600 Less: Work in process, end of year 9,000 Cost of finished goods manufactured $ 987,600 Chapter 16 P761 16.4Ba.Purchases of direct materials $ 360,000 b.Cost of direct materials used:Materials inventory, beginning of year $ 18,000 Add: Purchases of direct materials 360,000 Cost of materials available for use $ 378,000 Less: Materials inventory, end of year 14,000 Cost of direct materials used $ 364,000 c.Direct labor payrolls paid during the year $ 225,000 d.Direct labor costs assigned to production $ 230,000 e.Overhead costs during the year $ 400,000 Units in the activity base (direct labor costs) 230,000 Overhead stated as a percentage of direct labor costs ($400,000 $230,000)174% f.Direct materials used (part b) $ 364,000 Direct labor costs assigned to production 230,000 Manufacturing overhead applied to production 400,000 Total manufacturing costs charged to work in process $ 994,000 g.Costs of finished goods manufactured:Work in process inventory, beginning of year $ 20,000 Add: Total manufacturing costs (part f) 994,000 Cost of all goods in process during the year $ 1,014,000 Less: Cost of work in process inventory, end of year 25,000 Cost of finished goods manufactured $ 989,000 h.Cost of goods sold:Beginning inventory of finished goods $ 98,000 Add: Cost of finished goods manufactured (part g) 989,000 Cost of goods available for sale $ 1,087,000 Less: Ending inventory of finished goods 110,000 Cost of goods sold $ 977,000 i.Total inventory at year-end:Materials inventory $ 14,000 Work in process inventory 25,000 Finished goods inventory 110,000 Total inventory $ 149,000 Chapter 17 P802 17.3Aa.Department One overhead application rate based on machine-hours:Manufacturing Overhead=$420,000 =$35 per machine-hourMachine-Hours12,000Department Two overhead application rate based on direct labor hours:Manufacturing Overhead=$337,500 =$22.50 per direct labor hourDirect Labor Hours15,000 b.Job no. 58:Dept. OneDept. TwoTotal Direct materials $ 10,100 $ 7,600 $ 17,700 Direct labor 16,500 11,100 27,600 Manufacturing overhead:750 machine-hours $35 per hour 26,250 26,250 740 direct labor hours $22.50 per hour 16,650 16,650 Total cost of job no. 58 $ 88,200 c.General Journal Cost of Goods Sold 88,200 Finished Goods Inventory 88,200 To record cost of goods sold (job no. 58) to City Furniture. Accounts Receivable (City Furniture) 147,000 Sales 147,000 To record revenue from sale to City Furniture. d.Dept. OneDept. Two Actual manufacturing overhead for January $ 39,010 $ 26,540 Manufacturing overhead applied to jobs:1,100 machine-hours $35 per hour 38,500 1,200 direct labor hours $22.50 per hour 27,000 Underapplied manufacturing overheadDept. One $ 510 Overapplied manufacturing overheadDept. Two $ 460 Chapter 17 P805 17.8Aa.Budgeted manufacturing overhead $ 24,600 Budgeted direct labor hours (DLH) 2,500Manufacturing overhead application rate $ 9.84 per DLHManufacturing overhead allocated using DLHBasic ChunksCustom Cuts50,000 bags 0.01 DLH per bag $9.84 per DLH $ 4,920 20,000 cases 0.10 DLH per case $9.84 per DLH $ 19,680 b.Percent of cost driver assigned to each product lineBasic ChunksCustom CutsKilowatt hours: Basic Chunks (90,000 KWH 100,000 KWH)90% Custom Cuts (10,000 KWH 100,000 KWH)10%Machine hours: Basic Chunks (160 MH 200 NH)80% Custom Cuts (40 MH 200 MH)20%Square feet occupied: Basic Chunks (60,000 Sq. Ft. 80,000 Sq. Ft.)75% Custom Cuts (20,000 Sq. Ft. 80,000 Sq. Ft.)25%Direct labor hours: Basic Chunks (500 DLH 2,500 DLH)20% Custom Cuts (2,000 DLH 2,500 DLH)80%Manufacturing overhead allocated using ABCBasic ChunksCustom CutsUtilities cost pool (using KWH as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (90% $8,000) $ 7,200 Custom Cuts (10% $8,000) $ 800 Maintenance cost pool (using MH as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (80% $1,000) $ 800 Custom Cuts (20% $1,000) $ 200 Depreciation cost pool (using Sq. Ft. as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (75% $15,000) $ 11,250 Custom Cuts (25% $15,000) $ 3,750 Miscellaneous cost pool (using DLH as a cost driver): Basic Chunks (20% $600) $ 120 Custom Cuts (80% $600) $ 480 Total overhead allocated to each product line using ABC $ 19,370 $ 5,230 c.Total manufacturing costs allocated to each product lineBasic ChunksCustom CutsDirect Labor: Basic Chunks (50,000 bags $12 per DLH 0.01 DLH) $ 6,000 Custom Cuts (20,000 cases $12 per DLH 0.10 DLH) $ 24,000 Direct Materials: Basic Chunks (50,000 bags $2 per bag) $ 100,000 Custom Cuts (20,000 cases $4 per case) $ 80,000 Manufacturing Overhead (allocate using ABC): Basic Chunks (from part b) $ 19,370 Custom Cuts (from part b) $ 5,230 Total cost allocated using ABC $ 125,370 $ 109,230 d.The Custom Cuts product line is very labor intensive in comparison to the Basic Chunks product line. Thus, the companys current practice of using direct labor hours to allocate overhead results in the assignment of a disproportionate amount of total overhead to the Custom Cuts product line. If pricing decisions are set as a fixed percentage above the manufacturing costs assigned to each product, the Custom Cuts product line is overpriced in the marketplace whereas the Basic Chunks product line is currently priced at an artificially low price in the marketplace. This probably explains why sales of Basic Chunks remain strong while sales of Custom Cuts are on the decline.e.The benefits the company would achieve by implementing an activity-based costing system include: (1) a better identification of its operating inefficiencies, (2) a better understanding of its overhead cost structure, (3) a better understanding of the resource requirements of each product line, (4) the potential to increase the selling price of Basic Chunks to make it more comparable to competitive brands and possibly do so without having to sacrifice significant market share, and (5) the ability to decrease the selling price of Custom Cuts without having to sacrifice product quality.Chapter 18 P835 18.1B. Ex. 18.1a.job costing (each project of a construction company is unique)b.both job and process costing (institutional clients may represent unique jobs)c.job costing (each set of equipment is uniquely designed and manufactured)d.process costing (the dog houses are uniformly manufactured in high volumes)e.process costing (the vitamins and supplements are uniformly manufactured in high volumes)Chapter 18 P841 18.3APart I. Physical FlowTotal Units Inputs: Beginning WIP -0- Started4,000Dishwashers to account for4,000 Outputs: Units completed4,000 Ending WIP -0-Dishwashers accounted for4,000Part II. Equivalent UnitsDirect MaterialsConversion Costs Based on monthly input: Beginning WIP -0- -0- Units started4,0004,000Equivalent units of input4,0004,000 Based on monthly output: Units completed4,0004,000 Ending WIP -0- -0-Equivalent units of output4,0004,000Part III. Cost Per Equivalent UnitTotal Unit CostDirect Materials Conversion CostsCosts from Tub Department$150,000$30,000 Costs from Motor Department 96,000 24,000 TOTAL$246,000$54,000 Divide by equivalent units 4,000 4,000 Costs per equivalent unit$75.00 $ 61.5$ 13.50Part IV. Total Cost AssignmentTotal CostsDirect MaterialsConversion Costs Costs to account for: Cost of beginning WIP $ -0- Cost added during the period 300,000Total cost to account for$300,000 Costs accounted for: Cost of goods transferredBeginning WIP last period $ -0- $ -0- $ -0-Beginning WIP this period -0- -0- -0-Started and completed 300,000 246,000a 54,000bTotal cost transferred$300,000 $246,000 $54,000 Add ending WIP -0- -0- -0-Total cost accounted for$300,000 $246,000 $54,000 a4,000 EU $61.50 = $246,000b4,000 EU $13.50 = $54,000Chapter 18 P845 18.2Ba.(1)$49 ($192,000 + $48,000 + $54,000) 6,000 units(2)$109 ($480,000 + $108,000 + $66,000) 6,000 units(3)$158 ($49 + $109)(4)$32 ($192,000 6,000 units)(5)$18 ($108,000 6,000 units)b.In evaluating the overall efficiency of the Engine Department, management would look at the monthly per-unit cost incurred by that department, which is the cost of assembling and installing an engine ($109 in part a).Chapter 20 P918 20.1Aa.Required contribution margin per unitBudgeted operating Income $ 260,000 Fixed costs 540,000 Total required contribution margin $ 800,000 Number of units to be produced and sold 50,000 Required contribution margin per unit ($800,000 $50,000 units) $ 16 Required sales price per unit:Required contribution margin per unit $ 16 Variable costs and expenses per unit 84 Total required unit sales price $ 100 b.Break-Even Sales Volume (in units) =Fixed CostsContribution Margin per Unit=$540,000 $16 =33,750 units c.Margin of safety at 50,000 units:Sales volume at 50,000 units ($100 50,000 units) $ 5,000,000 Less: Break-even sales volume ($100 $33,750 units) 3,375,000 Margin of safety $ 1,625,000 Operating Income at 50,000 units:Margin of safety $ 1,625,000 Contribution margin ration ($100 - $84) $100 .16Operating Income ($1,625,000 .16) $ 260,000 d.No. With a unit sales price of $94, the break-even sales volume in units is 54,000 units:Unit contribution margin = $94 - $84 variable costs = $10Break-even sales volume (in units)=$540,000 $10 =54,000 unitsUnless Thermal Tent has the ability to manufacture 54,000 units (or lower fixed and/or variable costs), setting the unit sales price at $94 will not enable Thermal Tent to break even.Chapter 20 P918 20.2Aa.Sales price per unit:Budgeted cots $ 2,250,000 Add: Budgeted operating income 900,000 Budgeted sales revenue $ 3,150,000 Sales price per unit ($3,150,000 30,000 units) $ 105 b.(1)Total fixed costs:Manufacturing overhead ($720,000 75%) $ 540,000 Selling and adminstrative expenses ($600,000 80%) 480,000 Total fixed costs $ 1,020,000 (2)Variable costs and expenses per unit:Direct materials $ 21 Direct labor 10 Manufacturing overhead ($24 25%) 6 Selling and administrative expense ($20 20%) 4 Total variable costs per unit $ 41 (3)Unit contribution margin:Sales price per unit $ 121 Less: Variable costs per unit from (2) 41 Unit contribution margin $ 80 (4)Number of units required to break even:Fixed costs from (1) $ 1,020,000 Contribution margin per unit from (3) $ 80 Number of units required to break even ($1,020,000 $80) 12,750 Chapter 20 P920 20.6Aa.Variable costs per unit before 15% increase in the cost ofdirect labor$ 60 Increase in cost of direct labor, 15% of $20 3 Variable costs and expenses per unit after 15% increase in the cost of direct labor$ 63 Because the contribution margin ratio of 40% is required,the variable costs of $63 per unit must equal 60%of sales price after the wage increase.New sales price, $63 .60 $ 105 Sales price before increase 100 Required increase in sales price per unit$ 5 b.Unit contribution margin:Sales price per unit $ 100 Less: Variable costs per unit following 15% increase in direct labor cost (part a) 63 Unit contribution margin$ 37 Sales volume required to maintain current operating income:Sales Volume=Fixed Costs + Target Operating IncomeUnit Contribution Margin=$390,000 + $350,000= $20,000 units$37 c.CurrentAfterCapacityExpansion(20,000 Units)(25,000 Units)Total contribution margin ($37 per unit) $ 740,000 $ 925,000 Less: Fixed costs 390,000 530,000* Operating income at full capacity $ 350,000 $ 395,000 *$390,000 + additional depreciation per year on new machinery, $140,000 (20% of $700,000).
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