资源描述
SentenceElements,Stephanie,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.,Definition,主要成分,次要成分,主语Subject(S),谓语Predicate(V),表语Predicative(P),宾语Object(O),定语Attribute,状语Adverbial,补足语,句子成分,ObjectComplement(Oc),句子成分详解表,是一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语不放于句首，而位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。,主语Subject,1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular。2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.,（主语从句）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词或动词词组在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,谓语Predicate,1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的各种变形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致（主谓一致）。,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。,宾语Object,1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.,只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedtolendmehisbike.只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同stop,mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。,用以说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。,表语Predicative,1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）,6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）,用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态等。,系动词（Linkingverb),状态系动词,持续系动词,表像系动词,感官系动词,变化系动词,终止系动词,1）状态系动词:表示主语状态,beeg.Heisateacher.2）持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,standeg.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.3）表像系动词:表示“看起来像”这一概念，seem,appear,lookeg.Heseems(tobe)verysad.,4）感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,tasteeg.Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样，become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runeg.Hebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作，表达“证实”，“变成”之意，prove,turnouteg.Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,宾语补足语Objectcomplement,1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语常由形容词，分词，名词,代词，不定式短语，动名词，介词短语或从句担任。,定语Attribute,1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）,5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）8.Farmerswhosawusstaredatusasifwearewalkingskeletons.(定语从句),修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。常由副词，介词短语，句子充当。,状语Adverbial,1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.,（分词短语）,（名词）,（状语从句）,1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,10种状语,6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,同位语（Appositive）:对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.插入语（Parenthesis）:对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等Tobefrank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.,（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.,S.,Attribute,O.,Predicate,Adverbial,Attribute,Adverbial,Adverbial,Exercises,6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.,Attribute,Predicative,O.,Predicate,S.,Predicate,S.,Predicative,Predicate,O.,Adverbial,AO.,RO.,14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.,O.,Attribute,Parenthesis,O.,Adverbial,Adverbial,AS.,Predicative,O.C.,O.C.,Predicative,指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分：Ontheleftofmyhouseisanoldchurch.Whycouldtheboilingpointofwaterbeloweratthetopofamountain?3.Iamnotgoingtoworktoday.4.Thisthingisforpeelingpotatoes.5.Whattimewillyouarrive?6.TheGeniepromisedthatifanyoneshouldcomeandsethimfree,hewouldmakehimveryrich.7.Whatnationalityareyou?,S.,S.,V.,Prep.O.,Adv.,O.C.,Predicative,8.Icouldntunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.9.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.10.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.11.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.12.IllbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.13.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.14.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesntgrowontrees.,Adverbial,V.,O.C.,O.,O.C.,S.,O.,(二)划分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.,9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.Iveorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.AprilDayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.,17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?,25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.,33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedtome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.,ByeBye,
展开阅读全文