八年级开学摸底考试英语卷及答案.doc

八年级开学摸底考试英语试卷姓名 班级 得分 卷I（选择题，共65分）一. 单项选择 （共20小题，每小题1分，计20分）( )1. Look! They _ the soccer match on TV. A. watch B. are watching C. watched D. watching( )2. Please _ in class, boys and girls. Lets begin our class. A. eat B. not talk C. dont talk D. not sing( )3. His dog was lost, that made him _. A. feel sad B. to feel sad C. feel happy D. to feel happy( )4. We went to the beach _ Sunday afternoon last week. A. on B. in C. / D. at( )5. I would like to have fish for lunch_ it is very delicious. A. but B. if C. when D. because( )6. There _ some money in the wallet. A. have B. are C. is D. has( )7. We are happy music in class. A. to listen to B. to listen C. listen to D. listen( )8. She learns piano every afternoon. A. a B. an C. the D. x( )9.There are _rules for us at school. And we always have _work to do. A. too many, too many B. too many , too much C. many too, much too D. too much , too much( )10. We go to the palace every Sunday.A. children B. childrens C. childrens D. childrens( )11. The little boy up and says he cant this TV show. A. stands; stands B. stands; stood C. stands; stand D.stand; stands( )12. The hotel is the market and the bank. A. both B. in C. next to D. between( )13. -Can I help you? -_ _. A. Yes, you can B. No, you cant C. Id like a pizza D. I like a pizza( )14. _ _ you _ _ soccer on the weekend? Yes, I did.A. Did, played B. Do, played C. Did, played D. Did, play( )15. Its cold outside. Please your coat. A. have B. put on C. wear D. puts on( )16. We order two for lunch. A. bowl of rice B. bowl of rices C. bowls of rice D. bowls of rices( )17. Last weekend, the students had great fun _on the beach.A. to play B. playing C. played D. plays( )18. _ is this pair of pants? Its 80 yuan.A. How much B. How long C. How many D. How often( )19. Get up, its time _ school. A. for B. to go C. at D. go to( )20. We dont have a gym class today, so we wear sports shoes.A. dont have B. cant have to C. have not to D. dont have to二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。Guilin is in the south of China. It is very beautiful. It is really a good place_ 21 . I went to Guilin 22 May 1st and _ 23_ yesterday. The weather was hot 24 humid there. I went into the caves, I _ 25 _ it was cool in the caves and it made me _26_ good. There were many different _ 27 stones in the caves. Some were big, some were thin, some were straight, some looked like shy girls, some looked like cute penguins, some looked like big mushrooms. They were very _28 _. The people there were _29_ and Chinese food was delicious, too. I _30_ there. I love Guilin.( )21. A. to have fun B. to have a fun C. to have time D. to have a time( )22. A. in B. at C. on D. to ( )23. A. come B. come back C. came D. came back( )24. A. or B. and C. also D. but( )25. A. am feel B. feel C. felt D. was feel( )26. A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling( )27. A. kind of B. kinds of C. kind D. kinds( )28. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests( )29. A. friends B. friend C. friendly D. more friendly( )30. A. had a good time B. have a good time C. has a good time D. am having a good time三. 阅读理解（共35分）A)阅读判断 根据短文判断正误（正确写T,错误写F）每小题1分, 共5分Mr. Black looks young, but he is 56 years old . He has three children. One of his sons is a doctor. The other one is studying in England. His daughter is working with him in China now.Mr. Black teaches English in a middle school near here. He likes working in China. He says Chinese people are very friendly and Chinese food is very good, too. He can speak a little Chinese. So he goes to Chinese classes on Thursday evening, and he studies Chinese every Thursday. He doesnt think Chinese is easy. He says he must study very hard. ( )31、Mr. Black is a young man .( )32、One of his sons is with him in China now.( )33、Mr. Black speaks English very well. ( )34、 He learns Chinese every Thursday .( )35、 He likes China because he likes Chinese people and food.B)阅读选择 从每小题 所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选择最佳选项（每小题2分，共30分）A Mrs. White doesnt like fish at all, but Mr. White likes fish very much. He buys some fish and takes it home. Mrs. White sees the fish and she thinks, “Good! Ill ask my friends to have lunch and we can have the fish. They like fish very much.”Mr. White comes home in the evening. He cant find his fish. Mrs. White says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And she gives Mr. White some bread for supper. Mr. White is not happy at all. He takes the cat and Mrs. White goes to a shop. He says to her, “Now you see, my cat is one kilo and the fish is one kilo, too. The cat is here. But where is my fish?”( ) 36. Mr. White likes_ very much.A. bread B. chickenC. fishD. his cat ( ) 37. Does Mrs. White like fish very much? A. Yes, she does.B. No, she doesnt.C. Yes, she likes.D. No, she not likes.( ) 38. Mrs. White will ask_ to have the fish.A. Mr. WhiteB. the catC. her friends D. her mother( ) 39. Does the cat eat the fish? A. Yes, it does.B. Yes, he does.C. No, the cat doesnt.D. No, it doesnt.( ) 40. Mr. White has _for supper.A. some bread.B. some fish.C. some jiaozi. D. some eggs.BFilm: SupermanDay: SaturdayTime: in the afternoon and in the evening (15:00-17:00; 18:00-20:00)Price: adult ：16 yuan; child ：half price（半价）Telephone: 62603941Basketball match: Changchun vs. ShenyangDay: SaturdayTime: in the morning (10:00)Place: Changchun StadiumTelephone: 70504266Concert (音乐会)Day: WednesdayTime: in the morning (10:30-12:00)Place: People TheatrePrice: 35 yuanTelephone: 99687241Swimming lessonDay: ThursdayTime: in the morning (8:00)Place: Great Swimming PoolTelephone: 58796324( )41. Where is the swimming lesson? A. Changchun Stadium. B. Great Swimming Pool. C. People Theatre. D. Great Garden.( )42. When is the concert? A. On Thursday (18:00-20:00).B. On Saturday (10:00).C. On Saturday (15:00-17:00).D. On Wednesday (10:30-12:00).( )43. If you want to ask something about the basketball match, you can call _.A. 62603941 B. 70504266 C. 58796324 D. 99687241( )44. On Saturday, you can _.A. watch the basketball match and have the swimming lessonB. see the film Superman and go to the concertC. have the swimming lesson and go to the concertD. watch the basketball match and see the film Superman( )45. Two adults（成年人） and one child will spend _seeing the film Superman.A. 87.5 yuan B. 40 yuan C. 8 yuan D. 16 yuanCMany people have to work on the weekend. Some people do not mind. Other people think it is terrible. Graham Coates thinks that working on the weekend can be dangerous. He works in an office in Brighton, England. On Saturday, May 24, 1986, he went to the office to do some work. When he got on the elevator(电梯), it stopped between floors. Mr. Coates could not get out of(从出来) the elevator. He started to shout, but no one heard him. Then Mr. Coates remembered it was a holiday in England. No one was going to come to work until Tuesday. There was nothing for Mr. Coates to do. He had to wait. With nothing to eat or drink, Mr. Coates had to sleep for most of the time. Early on Tuesday morning, his workmates came into work and found the elevator was not working. When the elevator was opened, Mr. Coates came out cold, weak, and tired. He was in the elevator for 62 hours.( )46. Why could Mr. Coates not get out of the elevator? Because . A. it was broken(坏了) B. it was the weekend C. it was in an office D. it was a holiday( )47. In the elevator, there was no . A. food B. water C. telephone D. A, B and C( )48. What did Mr. Coates do in the elevator? . A. He shouted B. He waited C. He slept D. A, B and C( )49. How long was he in the elevator? . A. On Saturday B. Sixty-two hours C. The weekend D. Never( )50. Who helped him get out of the elevator? _. A. His mother B. His office C. His workmates D. The elevator卷（非选择题，共35分）四. 词汇 (10分)A)根据句意及道字母提示，补全所缺单词。51. Please dont talk l . The kids are sleeping.52. It is r outside. Take an umbrella with you.53. My uncle w shopping yesterday.54. She has long hair and is of medium b .55. We need some m to buy a computer. B)用所给词的适当形式填空。56. There are many (child) playing in the park.57. (run) is good for our health.58. Xiaoming is a good student . He (study) hard.59. Stop (talk). Its time for class.60. Tom wants (play)the guitar.五. 完成句子，每空一词。（10分）61. 卡罗尔在阅读。 Carol is reading.62. 他不必10点前睡觉。 He to be in bed by ten oclock.63. 你妈妈认为我的主意怎么样？What does your mother my idea?64. 银行在邮局后面，紧挨着超市。 The bank is behind the post office and the supermarket.65. 上周末我和父母一起去看望了祖父母！ I my grandparents my parents last weekend.六、完成对话 通读下令对话,然后根据上下文补全对话(每小题1分, 5分).A: Hi , Vera . How was your vacation ? B: It was great .A: where did you go ? B: _66_.A. Really ? Wow ! What did you do there ? B: Well , we went to a lot of museums .A: Oh , how were they ? B: They were really interesting ._ _67_.A: Did you go shopping ? B: Yes , I did .A: _68_ . B: Oh , they were very expensive .A: And how were the people ?_ _69_B: Yes , the people were really friendly . My parents have some Japanese friends, and we had dinner at their house .A: _70_ B: It was delicious . I love Japanese food !A. Did you meet any Japanese people ? B. How were the stores ?C. I went to Tokyo with my family . D. How was the food ?E. But they were also very crowded .七、书面表达（共计10分）根据下表内容，以“Toms Busy Day”为主题写一篇60词左右的小短文。 上星期天上午7：30起床 早餐前看英语 饭后 帮母亲做家务下午与母亲购物 与朋友打篮球晚上做作业 看电视 21：00上床睡觉_八年级学初考试 英语参考答案卷I（65分）1-5、BCAAD 6-10、CACBD 11-15、CDCDB 16-20、CBAAD 21-25、ACDBC 26-30、ABCCA 31-35、FFTTT 36-40、CBCDA 41-45、BDBDB 46-50、ADDBC 评分标准： 135小题，每小题1分，计35分；3650小题，每小题2分，计30分。 卷II（35分）书面表达： One possible version:Last Sunday Tom was very busy. He got up at half past seven (7:30) in the morning. He read English before breakfast. After it he helped his mother (to) do the housework. In the afternoon, he did some shopping with his mother. And he played basketball with his friends. After supper he did his homework and watched TV. At 21:00 he went to bed. How busy he was!评分标准： 计10分。赠送相关资料考试答题的技巧拿到试卷之后，可以总体上浏览一下，根据以前积累的考试经验，大致估计一下试卷中每部分应该分配的时间。安排答题顺序关于考试时答题顺序，一种策略是按照试卷从前到后的顺序答题，另外一种策略是按照自己总结出的答题顺序。无论采取哪种策略，你必须非常清楚每部分应该使用的最少和最多的答题时间。按照自己总结的答题顺序：先做那些即使延长答题时间，也不见得会得分更多的题目，后做那些需要仔细思考和推敲的题目。例如，数学先做会做的题目，再做难题，所谓难题，就是你思考了好几分钟仍然无法做出的题目。再例如，英语和语文，你可以先把填空、选择、作文等题目做完，然后再做阅读题目。数学处于高级阶段的贾甲在某次考试时，做到第5题时，实在做不出来，于是就先不做，继续往下做，到了第10题时，又做不出来了，心里有点着急，就暗自对自己说，“平静”、“平静”，于是隔过去往下做，到了第15题，又做不出来了。于是就回头做第5题，想了几分钟后，仍然做不出来，于是就再做第10题，想了一会儿，突然想到了解题思路，于是就很快的做出来了，这时心情已经平静下来了，然后接着做第15题，想了一大会儿，只是想出了某一步骤，于是就把这一步骤写在试卷上，并猜了个答案写上，然后再回头做第5题，想了一会儿就做出来了。然后，他用了几分钟检查了所有题目，发现没有大的错误后，他就再做第15题，他在脑子里把与这道题目相关的知识点和解题技巧逐一回忆，由于他已经形成了比较完整的知识体系，所以，回忆了几遍之后，他终于想出了第15题的解题思路，于是就很快的做出来了。一、答题原则大家拿到考卷后，先看是不是本科考试的试卷，再清点试卷页码是否齐全，检查试卷有无破损或漏印、重印、字迹模糊不清等情况。如果发答题时，一般遵循如下原则：1从前向后，先易后难。通常试题的难易分布是按每一类题型从前向后，由易到难。因此，解题顺序也宜按试卷题号从小到大，从前至后依次解答。当然，有时但也不能机械地按部就班。中间有难题出现时，可先跳过去，到最后攻它或放弃它。先把容易得到的分数拿到手，不要“一条胡同走到黑”，总的原则是先易后难，先选择、填空题，后解答题。2规范答题，分分计较。数学分I、II卷，第I卷客观性试题，用计算机阅读，一要严格按规定涂卡，二要认真选择答案。第II卷为主观性试题，一般情况下，除填空题外，大多解答题一题设若干小题，通常独立给分。解答时要分步骤（层次）解答，争取步步得分。解题中遇到困难时，能做几步做几步，一分一分地争取，也可以跳过某一小题直接做下一小题。3得分优先、随机应变。在答题时掌握的基本原则是“熟题细做，生题慢做”，保证能得分的地方绝不丢分，不易得分的地方争取得分，但是要防止被难题耗时过多而影响总分。4填充实地，不留空白。考试阅卷是连续性的流水作业，如果你在试卷上留下的空白太多，会给阅卷老师留下不好印象，会认为你确实不行。另外每道题都有若干采分点，触到采分点便可给分，未能触到采分点也没有倒扣分的规定。因此只要时间允许，应尽量把试题提问下面的空白处写上相应的公式或定理等有关结论。5观点正确，理性答卷。不能因为答题过于求新，结果造成观点错误，逻辑不严密；或在试卷上即兴发挥，涂写与试卷内容无关的字画，可能会给自己带来意想不到的损失。胡乱涂写可以认为是在试卷上做记号，而判作弊。因此，要理性答卷。6字迹清晰，合理规划。这对任何一科考试都很重要，尤其是对“精确度”较高的数理化，若字迹不清无法辨认极易造成阅卷老师的误判，如填空题填写带圈的序号、数字等，如不清晰就可能使本来正确的失了分。 另外，卷面答题书写的位置和大小要计划好，尽量让卷面安排做到 “前紧后松”而不是“前松后紧”。特别注意只能在规定位置答题，转页答题不予计分。二、审题要点审题包括浏览全卷和细读试题两个方面。一是开考前浏览。开考前5分钟开始发卷，大家利用发卷至开始答题这段有限的时间，通过答前浏览对全卷有大致的了解，初步估算试卷难度和时间分配，据此统筹安排答题顺序，做到心中有数。此时考生要做到“宠辱不惊”，也就是说，看到一道似曾相识的题时，心中不要窃喜，而要提醒自己，“这道题做时不可轻敌，小心有什么陷阱，或者做的题目只是相似，稍微的不易觉察的改动都会引起答案的不同”。碰到一道从未见过，猛然没思路的题时，更不要受到干扰，相反，此时应开心，“我没做过，别人也没有。这是我的机会。”时刻提醒自己：我易人易，我不大意；我难人难，我不畏难。二是答题过程中的仔细审题。这是关键步骤，要求不漏题，看准题，弄清题意，了解题目所给条件和要求回答的问题。不同的题型，考察不同的能力，具有不同的解题方法和策略，评分方式也不同，对不同的题型，审题时侧重点有所不同。1选择题是所占比例较大（40）的客观性试题，考察的内容具体，知识点多，“双基”与能力并重。对选择题的审题，要搞清楚是选择正确陈述还是选择错误陈述，采用特殊什么方法求解等。2填空题属于客观性试题。一般是中档题，但是由于没有中间解题过程，也就没有过程分，稍微出现点错误就和一点不会做结果相同，“后果严重”。审题时注意题目考查的知识点、方法和此类问题的易错点等。3解答题在试卷中所占分数较多（74分），不仅需要解出结果还要列出解题过程。解答这种题目时，审题显得极其重要。只有了解题目提供的条件和隐含信息，联想相关题型的通性通法，寻找和确定具体的解题方法和步骤，问题才能解决。三、时间分配近几年，随着高考数学试题中的应用问题越来越多，阅读量逐渐增加，科学地使用时间，是临场发挥的一项重要内容。分配答题时间的基本原则就是保证在能得分的地方绝不丢分，不易得分的地方争取得分。在心目中应有“分数时间比”的概念，花10分钟去做一道分值为12分的中档大题无疑比用10分钟去攻克1道分值为4分的中档填空题更有价值。有效地利用最好的答题时间段，通常各时间段内的答题效率是不同的，一般情况下，最后10分钟左右多数考生心理上会发生变化，影响正常答卷。特别是那些还没有答完试卷的考生会分心、产生急躁心理，这个时间段效率要低于其它时间段。在试卷发下来后，通过浏览全卷，大致了解试题的类型、数量、分值和难度，熟悉“题情”，进而初步确定各题目相应的作答时间。通常一般水平的考生，解答选择题（12个）不能超过40分钟，填空题（4个）不能超过15分钟，留下的时间给解答题（6个）和验算。当然这个时间安排还要因人而异。在解答过程中，要注意原来的时间安排，譬如，1道题目计划用3分钟，但3分钟过后一点眉目也没有，则可以暂时跳过这道题；但若已接近成功，延长一点时间也是必要的。需要说明的是，分配时间应服从于考试成功的目的，灵活掌握时间而不墨守最初安排。时间安排只是大致的整体调度，没有必要把时间精确到每1小题或是每1分钟。更不要因为时间安排过紧，造成太大的心理压力，而影响正常答卷。一般地，在时间安排上有必要留出510分钟的检查时间，但若题量很大，对自己作答的准确性又较为放心的话，检查的时间可以缩短或去除。但是需要注意的是，通常数学试卷的设计只有少数优秀考生才可能在规定时间内答完。五、大题和难题一张考卷必不可少地要有大题、难题以区分考生的知识和能力水平，以便拉开档次。一般大题、难题分值都较高，遇到难题，要尽量放到最后去攻克；如果别的题目全部做完而且检查无误，而又有一定时间的话，就应想办法攻克难题。不是每个人都能得150的，先把会的做完，也可以给自己奠定心里优势。六、各种题型的解答技巧1选择题的答题技巧（1）掌握选择题应试的基本方法：要抓住选择题的特点，充分地利用选择支提供的信息，决不能把所有的选择题都当作解答题来做。首先，看清试题的指导语，确认题型和要求。二是审查分析题干，确定选择的范围与对象，要注意分析题干的内涵与外延规定。三是辨析选项，排误选正。四是要正确标记和仔细核查。（2）特值法。在选择支中分别取特殊值进行验证或排除，对于方程或不等式求解、确定参数的取值范围等问题格外有效。（3）反例法。把选择题各选择项中错误的答案排除，余下的便是正确答案。（4）猜测法。因为数学选择题没有选错倒扣分的规定，实在解不出来，猜测可以为你创造更多的得分机会。除须计算的题目外，一般不猜A。2填空题答题技巧（1）要求熟记的基本概念、基本事实、数据公式、原理，复习时要特别细心，注意记熟，做到临考前能准确无误、清晰回忆。对那些起关键作用的，或最容易混淆记错的概念、符号或图形要特别注意，因为考查的往往就是它们。如区间的端点开还是闭、定义域和值域要用区间或集合表示、单调区间误写成不等式或把两个单调区间取了并集等等。（2）一般第4个填空题可能题意或题型较新，因而难度较大，可以酌情往后放。3解答题答题技巧（1）仔细审题。注意题目中的关键词，准确理解考题要求。（2）规范表述。分清层次，要注意计算的准确性和简约性、逻辑的条理性和连贯性。（3）给出结论。注意分类讨论的问题，最后要归纳结论。（4）讲求效率。合理有序的书写试卷和使用草稿纸，节省验算时间。七、如何检查在考试中，主动安排时间检查答卷是保证考试成功的一个重要环节，它是防漏补遗、去伪存真的过程，尤其是考生如果采用灵活的答题顺序，更应该与最后检查结合起来。因为在你跳跃式往返答题过程中很可能遗漏题目，通过检查可弥补这种答题策略的漏洞。检查过程的第一步是看有无遗漏或没有做的题目，发现之后，应迅速完成或再次思考解法。对各类题型的做答过程和结果，如果有时间要结合草稿纸的解题过程全面复查一遍，时间不够，则重点检查。选择题的检查主要是查看有无遗漏，并复查你心存疑虑的题目。但是若没有充分的理由，一般不要改变你依据第一感觉作出的判断。对解答题的检查，要注意结合审查草稿纸的演算过程，改正计算和推理中的错误。另外要补充遗漏的理由和步骤，删去或修改错误或不准确的观点。计算题和证明题是检查的重点，要仔细检查是否完成了题目的全部要求；若时间仓促，来不及验算的话，有一些简单的验证方法：一是查单位是否有误；二是看计算公式引用有无错误；三是看结果是否比较“像”，这里所说的“像”是依靠经验判断，如应用题的答案是否符合实际意义；数字结论是否为整数、自然数或有规则的表达式，若结论为小数或无规则的数，则要重新演算，最好能用其他方法再试着去做八、强调的一点是草稿纸，这是考试时和试卷同等重要的东西。同学们拿到草稿纸后，请先将它三折。然后按顺序使用。草稿纸上每道题之间留空，标清题号。字迹要做到能够准确辨认，切不可胡写乱画。这样做的好处是：1. 草稿纸展现的是你的答题思路。草稿纸清晰，答题思路也会清晰，最起码你清楚你已经做到了哪一步。如果草稿混乱的话，这一步推出来了，往往又忘了上一步是怎么得到的。2. 对于前面提到的暂时不会，回头再做的题，由于你第一次做本题时已经进行了一定的思维过程。第二次做时如果重头再思考非常浪费时间。利用草稿纸，可以迅速找到上次的思维断点。从而继续攻破。关键结论要特殊标记。3. 检查过程中，草稿纸更是最好的帮手。如果连演算过程都可从草稿纸上清晰找到的话，无疑会节省大量时间。选择题并不难，题目当中有答案，特值排除找方法，数形结合作对它；填空题很容易，最简结果要牢记，区间开闭不分离，多选题目想仔细；解答题也容易，基础大题莫放弃。摆明条件讲道理。步骤规范记心底。别人难 我不易聚精会神审题意多写步骤和推理，分步得分来做题。别人易 我不难，防止粗心是关键，千方百计做答案，时时刻刻细计算。在初中数学几何学习中，如何添加辅助线是许多同学感到头疼的问题，许多同学常因辅助线的添加方法不当，造成解题困难。以下是常见的辅助线作法编成了一些“顺口溜” 歌诀。人人都说几何难，难就难在辅助线。辅助线，如何添？把握定理和概念。还要刻苦加钻研，找出规律凭经验。图中有角平分线，可向两边作垂线。角平分线平行线，等腰三角形来添。角平分线加垂线，三线合一试试看。线段垂直平分线，常向两端把线连。三角形中两中点，连接则成中位线。三角形中有中线，延长中线等中线。平行四边形出现，对称中心等分点。梯形里面作高线，平移一腰试试看。平行移动对角线，补成三角形常见。证相似，比线段，添线平行成习惯。等积式子比例换，寻找线段很关键。直接证明有困难，等量代换少麻烦。斜边上面作高线，比例中项一大片。半径与弦长计算，弦心距来中间站。圆上若有一切线，切点圆心半径连。切线长度的计算，勾股定理最方便。要想证明是切线，半径垂线仔细辨。是直径，成半圆，想成直角径连弦。弧有中点圆心连，垂径定理要记全。圆周角边两条弦，直径和弦端点连。弦切角边切线弦，同弧对角等找完。如果遇到相交圆，不要忘作公共弦。内外相切的两圆，经过切点公切线。若是添上连心线，切点肯定在上面。辅助线，是虚线，画图注意勿改变。基本作图很关键，平时掌握要熟练。解题还要多心眼，经常总结方法显。切勿盲目乱添线，方法灵活应多变。分析综合方法选，困难再多也会减。虚心勤学加苦练，成绩上升成直线。有理数的加法运算：同号相加一边倒；异号相加“大”减“小”，符号跟着大的跑；绝对值相等“零”正好。注“大”减“小”是指绝对值的大小。合并同类项：合并同类项，法则不能忘，只求系数和，字母、指数不变样。去、添括号法则：去括号、添括号，关键看符号，括号前面是正号，去、添括号不变号，括号前面是负号，去、添括号都变号。一元一次方程：已知未知要分离，分离方法就是移，加减移项要变号，乘除移了要颠倒。恒等变换：两个数字来相减，互换位置最常见，正负只看其指数，奇数变号偶不变。（a-b）2n+1=-（b-a）2n+1（a-b）2n=（b - a）2n平方差公式：平方差公式有两项，符号相反切记牢，首加尾乘首减尾，莫与完全公式相混淆。完全平方：完全平方有三项，首尾符号是同乡，首平方、尾平方，首尾二倍放中央；首尾括号带平方，尾项符号随中央。因式分解：一提（公因式）二套（公式）三分组，细看几项不离谱，两项只用平方差，三项十字相乘法，阵法熟练不马虎，四项仔细看清楚，若有三个平方数（项），就用一三来分组，否则二二去分组，五项、六项更多项，二三、三三试分组，以上若都行不通，拆项、添项看清楚。“代入”口决：挖去字母换上数（式），数字、字母都保留；换上分数或负数，给它带上小括弧，原括弧内出（现）括弧，逐级向下变括弧（小中大）单项式运算：加、减、乘、除、乘（开）方，三级运算分得清，系数进行同级（运）算，指数运算降级（进）行。一元一次不等式解题的一般步骤：去分母、去括号，移项时候要变号，同类项、合并好，再把系数来除掉，两边除（以）负数时，不等号改向别忘了。一元一次不等式组的解集：大大取较大，小小取较小，小大，大小取中间，大小，小大无处找。一元二次不等式、一元一次绝对值不等式的解集：大（鱼）于（吃）取两边，小（鱼）于（吃）取中间。分式混合运算法则：分式四则运算，顺序乘除加减，乘除同级运算，除法符号须变（乘）；乘法进行化简，因式分解在先，分子分母相约，然后再行运算；加减分母需同，分母化积关键；找出最简公分母，通分不是很难；变号必须两处，结果要求最简。分式方程的解法步骤：同乘最简公分母，化成整式写清楚，求得解后须验根，原（根）留、增（根）舍别含糊。最简根式的条件：最简根式三条件，号内不把分母含，幂指（数）根指（数）要互质，幂指比根指小一点。特殊点坐标特征：坐标平面点（x，y），横在前来纵在后；（+，+），（-，+），（-，-）和（+，-），四个象限分前后；X轴上y为0，x为0在Y轴。象限角的平分线：象限角的平分线，坐标特征有特点，一、三横纵都相等，二、四横纵确相反。平行某轴的直线：平行某轴的直线，点的坐标有讲究，直线平行X轴，纵坐标相等横不同；直线平行于Y轴，点的横坐标仍照旧。对称点坐标：对称点坐标要记牢，相反数位置莫混淆，X轴对称y相反， Y轴对称，x前面添负号； 原点对称最好记，横纵坐标变符号。自变量的取值范围：分式分母不为零，偶次根下负不行；零次幂底数不为零，整式、奇次根全能行。函数图像的移动规律：若把一次函数解析式写成y=k（x+0）+b、二次函数的解析式写成y=a（x+h）2+k的形式，则用下面的口诀“左右平移在括号，上下平移在末稍，左正右负须牢记，上正下负错不了”。一次函数图像与性质口诀：一次函数是直线，图像经过仨象限；正比例函数更简单，经过原点一直线；两个系数k与b，作用之大莫小看，k是斜率定夹角，b与Y轴来相见，k为正来右上斜，x增减y增减；k为负来左下展，变化规律正相反；k