lecture3专业英语的写作.ppt

科技英语论文写作,1）英语写作一般知识简介2）写作的基本理论和技巧,标题（Title或Topic）作者的姓名（AuthorsName）论文作者的工作单位（Institution）论文摘要（Abstract或Summary）论文的内容目录（Contents）论文内容本身（Text）引言（Introduction）正文结论或结束语（Conclusion(s)）及建议等附录（Appendix）致谢（Acknowledgement(s)）作者简介（Biography）,科技英语论文的组成部分,b.Somebody(1990)gaveatheoreticaloverviewof,butc.However,thesestudieswerelimitedto近期进展情况分析：d.Themethodworkedwellate.Themodelsofhasrecentlyreceivedconsiderableattention.f.Inthelastdecade,severalapproachesofwereindependentlyproposed.g.Thestudyofwasinvogueforseveralyearsuntil,对他人研究成果、观点的评估：a.Bythelate1980s,researchershasstartedscientificworkon,Whatarethechancesofanuclearwarinthenearfuture?HowmanyAmericanswouldsurviveanuclearattack?Wouldsuchanattackmakelivingconditionsimpossibleforthesurvivors?Theseandsimilarquestionsarebeingaskedbycitizensgroupsthroughoutthiscountryastheydebatetheissueofarmscontrolandnucleardisarmament.,Thesetwonewwindmilldesignswill,ofcourse,haveanevenmoreimportantimpactontheenergyindustryinthefuture.Althoughthesetwodesignsmayneverbeusedonalargescale,theirimpactmaybefeltthroughinfluencingthedesignofevenmoreefficientmodelsintheyearsahead.,GratefulacknowledgementismadetoAspecialgratitudeisexpressedtoThanksmustbegiventoFundingforthisworkwasprovidedbytheMinistryofEnergyandResources.TheworkwassupportedbyNationalScienceFoundationofChina,Idliketoacknowledge,ComputerImitationSystemforInvestigationoftheFeasibilitiesofPrimaryStudyonMathematicalModelofStudyonTorsionalVibrationAnalysisofICECrankshaft.DevelopmentofAutomobileElectronicsandDomesticApplication.ASimulationOptimizationMethodforAutomotiveCoolingSystemMicroprocessorsinTransport,CurrentStatusandDevelopingTrendsof,使用名词短语或非限定动词短语作为论文的标题,摘要的特点：,篇幅短小语言精炼用词规范概括完整内容具体独立成文,文摘包括：研究目的、研究对象、研究方法、研究结果、所得结论、结论的使用范围等。Thispaperpresents/discusses/studies/dealswith/investigatesThispaperpresentsananalysisofprinciplesofmagneticrefrigerationwithapplicationtoairconditioning.Acomparisonwithconventionalevaporation-condensationgascycledeviceispresented.Conclusionsconcerningtheapplicabilityofmagneticrefrigerationtoairconditioningaremade.,Thesmartandlight,numericaldesigningandmachining,automationinperformancetestetc.representsthedevelopmentorientationforautomobilestarters.Inthispaper,principleisintroducedforthestarterwithgearspeedreducerwhichleadsthemajorityinstarterproductsnowadays.Thestateoftheartinresearchanddevelopmentforautomobilestartersbycomputer-aidedengineeringtechnologyisoverviewed.Newresearchtopicsarebroughtforthatlastfromourenterprisesrealities.,英文摘要的写作,1）英文摘要的种类与特点随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要；学术会议论文摘要；学位论文摘要；脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。,TitleAuthor(s),addressObjectives,purpose,hypotheses.Methods,materials,procedures.Results,data,observations,discussion.Conclusions.,2）英文摘要的组成部分,a.Thispaperisperformedtostudythefree-vibrationcharacteristicsofenginecrankshaft.b.Mostalternativefuelsforinternalcombustionengineshavelowcetanenumbers.(2)方法(methodsandmaterials)Twodigitalstraingaugepressuretransducersmeasuredthevaporpressureoftheupstreamanddownstreamofthetesttube.Thisexperimentwasperformedbytestingthevibrationofautomobilebody/suspension,(1)目的(objectives，purposes),Theseresultsappeartorefutetheoriginalassumptions.(4)结论(conclusions)Itwasconcludedthat/Itcanbeconcludedthat/ItisdeterminedthatItcanbeconcludedthatthenewdiagnosismethodisfeasiblethroughtheoryanalysisandexperimentson12V180typedieselengine.,(3)结果与简短讨论(resultsanddiscussions),TitleAuthor(s),addressBackground,problemsthatneedtobesolved,rationaleforthepresentstudy.Objectivesandscopeofthisstudy.Outlineofthemaincontentsandresults.Conclusions:.,（1）采用正规的英语和标准的术语；（2）谓语动词很简单而句子的其余成分却十分复杂；（3）大量使用be和have的变化形式做谓语动词；（4）使用不提及人的陈述句。（5）描述自己的工作时态用过去时或完成时，但陈述理论或事实要用现在时。,3）英文摘要的写作特点,4）撰写摘要的要点（1）英文文摘题目（Title）的第一个单词不得用The、An或A，摘要的第一句不可与题目重复；（2）取消或减少背景信息;（3）尽量简化措辞;（4）可用动词的场合，尽量避免使用动词的名词形式；（5）注意冠词用法;（6）避免使用长系列形容词或名词来修饰名词;（7）用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。,Powerconsumptionoftelephoneswitchingsystemwasdeterminedfromdataobtainedexperimentally.,5）摘要中的常用句型（1）描述目的,b.Thispaperresearchedonthemoreinjectionseffectonengineperformanceandemissionexperimentallyandtheoretically.c.Thispaperstudiedtheapplicationofwavelettransforminsignaldenoise.,a.Thispaperdiscussesthebasicidentificationtechniquesofdynamicsystems.,Theobjectiveofthispaperistoanalyzetheperformanceofactiveandpassivesuspensions.,ThegoalofthisstudyistodiscussTheaimofthispaperistoevaluateThepurposeofthisprojectistoexamineTheobjectiveofthisresearchistotestthissurveyinvestigate/measure/demonstrate/analyze/determine,a.Thisstudyaimstodiscusstheinfluenceoftheparametersofsuspensionsystemonthesmoothnessandoperatingstabilityofthewholecar.,ThisresearchisdesignedtodetermineThisstudyisdesignedtomeasureThisprojectisdesignedtoevaluateOurprojectaimstocalculate,Multiplefaultsofinjectorweresimulatedontheexperimentaltable,andacousticsignalsthatsentoutbyworkingdieselwerecollectedoverthecylinderhead.Usingwaveletandneuralnetworktechnology,thispaperanalyzedtheacousticsignalsindetailanddiagnosedthedifferentfaultssuccessfully.Theexperimentalsystemwascomposedoffourparts,i.e.indirectlyelectricalheatedfurnace,pyrolysisreactor,onlinesamplecollectedanalyzer,andgascondenseraccordingly/hence/consequentlytheexperimentwasafailure.,Theresultsshowthattheerrorofestimatedvalueofboththrottlepositionsensorandmanifoldpressuresensorarelessthan10%,andthestrategyputforwardinthispaperisvalid.,Exercises1.Readandanalyzethefollowingabstractandpointouttheobjective,methods,resultsanddiscussion.AHybridInternalCombustionEngine/BatteryElectricPassengerCarforPetroleumDisplacementI.ForsterandJ.R.BumbyThispaperexaminesthepotentialofthehybridelectricvehicleinsubstitutingpetroleumfuelbybroad-basedelectricalenergy.Inparticularahybridcarisconsidered.Thewayinwhichthepower-traincanbecontrolledandtheeffectcomponentratingshaveonachievingthepetroleumsubstitutionobjectivearedescribed.Itisshownthatahybridvehiclecanbedesignedthatcanachieveapetroleumsubstitutionofbetween20and70percentoftheequivalentinternalcombustionenginevehicle.Inaddition,itwillbecapableofenteringenvironmentallysensitiveareasandyetbecapableofarangeathighandintermediatespeedsthatislimitedonlybythesizeofitsfueltank.,Purpose:_Methodsandmaterials:_ResultsandDiscussion:_,2.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoEnglishorChinese.1)针对某种型号客车(passengerscar)的空气悬架(airsuspension)的重要部件弹簧支架(springbracket)进行了有限元(FEA)分析。2)通过实例验证了该方法的工程应用价值。3)Acalculationprocedureofthetorsionalvibrationofinternalcombustionengineshaftingsystemwasdeveloped.,