available-过去分词短语作状语.ppt

V-ed作状语,1意义及位置过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。表示被动或完成的动作。多放在句首，也可以放在句中句末。,2用法表示时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，伴随等状语，可以转化为相应的状语从句。Eg1)Seen(=whenitisseen)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.-时间状从2）Deeplymoved(=Becausehewasdeeplymoved)byhiswords,Tomagreedtogowithhim.-原因状从3)Given(=IfIweregiven)moretime,Iwoulddothejobmuchbetter.-条件状从4）Encouraged(=Althoughheisencouraged)byhisparents,hestilllacksconfidence.-让步状从,5)表示方式或伴随情况，如果有连词as或asif,转化为as或asif引导的方式状从;Dontaskwhy;justdoastold(=youaretold)若无连词，则转化为并列句Hearingthenews,heturnedaway,disappointed.(=andhewasdisappointed),3过去分词与句子主语之间的关系过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致，过去分词与句子主语通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而是表示主语的状态。如seated,hidden,lostin,dressedin,facedwith,absorbedin，exposedto,devotedto,interestedin,excitedabout,disoppintedwith,determinedto,preparedfor,buriedin,4从属连词+过去分词过去分词作状语时，可在分词之前加上某些从属连词，表示强调。常用的有if,unless,when,asif,once,evenif,asthough.此结构实际是状语从句的省略。当状从的主语和句子的主语保持一致，而且状从的谓语动词是被动时，可以省略从句的主语和动词be.EgGenerallyspeaking,whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.Iwontattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited.,注意,1过去分词表示逻辑上的动宾关系，现在分词表示逻辑上的主谓关系。Seenfromthetower,ourcitylooksmorebeautiful.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecangetawonderfulviewofourcity.,2过去分词短语作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子保持一致。EgFinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.更正Theirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.Afterthechildrenfinishedtheirhomework,theywentouttoplayfootball.withtheirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.,3有些含有分词短语的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与句子主语一致。这类词常见的有:judgingfrom(根据来判断)generally/frankly/exactlyspeaking(一般来说，坦率的说，确切地说)，considering/takingintoconsideration(考虑到)，including(包括)，provided/providing(如果)Judgingfromhisappearance,heisawealthyman.从外表判断他是一位富翁。Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupay,themoreyouget.一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。,TranslatethesentencesusingV-edform.,(1)因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(2)工作提前完成了，他非常满意。,Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!,Hewassatisfied,withtheworkfinishedaheadoftime.,(3)教授走进了教室，学生跟在身后。(4)这样的机会一旦失去了，恐怕不会再来了。(5)他静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。,Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.,Oncelost,suchachancemightnevercomeagain.,Hesattheresilently,(with)hiseyesfixedonthelake.,