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Unit 1How can we become good learners?1aloud 大声地；出声地(1)aloud作副词，意为“大声地；出声地”。(2)aloud, loud与loudly的区别：aloud, loud 和 loudly 都可以表示“大声地”，但在用法上有区别。1)aloud和loud作副词时，都有“大声地；响亮地”的意思，有时可以通用。但aloud与read，think等动词连用时，强调“出声”，而loud通常只与talk，speak, shout, laugh等动词连用，且必须放在这些动词之后，在口语中可代替loudly。如：Please read the text aloud. 请朗读一下课文。 Speak louder, please, or no one will hear you. 请大声些，否则没人能听见。 2)aloud只可用作副词，但loud 还可用作形容词，意为“大声的；高声的”。如： He has a loud voice. 他嗓门大。3)loudly也作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与 loud 相同，还常与 ring, knock 等动词连用。 loudly 放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。如： Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。2patient(1)patient作形容词时，意为“有耐心的”。如：Well, be patient. It takes time.请耐心，这需要花费时间。常用结构：be patient with sb.，意为“对某人有耐心”。如：Our math teacher is very patient with us.我们的数学老师对我们很有耐心。(2)patient还可作名词，意为“病人”。如：Please look after those patients for me.请帮我照顾好那些病人。(3)patient的派生词：patience n. 耐心patiently adv. 有耐心地impatient adj. 没有耐心的3study与learn的区别(1)study意为“学习；研究”，强调学习的过程。如：We should study English hard.我们应该努力学习英语。(2)learn意为“学习；学会”，强调学习的结果。如：We should learn English well.我们应该学好英语。4voice, sound与noise的区别(1)voice 指人的嗓音，也指鸟鸣。如：in a low voice低声地at the top of my voice 以我最大的音量(2)sound意为“声音；响声”，指人可以听到的各种声音。如：hear a strange sound听到一个奇怪的声音(3)noise 意为“噪音；吵闹声”。常用短语：make noise吵闹，make a lot of noise制造很多噪音。如：Dont make any noise! 别吵闹！noise的派生词：noisy adj. 吵闹的；noisily adv. 吵闹地。如：Dont be noisy. 别吵闹。Dont go to the room noisily. The baby is sleeping. 不要吵闹地进入房间，婴儿在睡觉。5learn a lot that waylearn a lot in that way用那种方法学到很多表示方式可以用介词in, with, by。如：in English用英语，in a very low voice用非常低的嗓音，in blue 穿着蓝色的衣服，in ink用墨水，with a knife用小刀，with my eyes用我的眼睛，with her right hand用她的右手，by car乘小汽车，by selling newspapers通过卖报纸6be afraid of sth./doing sth.害怕某事/做某事(1)be afraid of后接名词或动词ing形式。如：Im afraid of being alone. 我害怕独处。(2)be afraid还有以下几种用法：1)be afraid to do sth.意为“害怕去做某事”。如：Im afraid to be late tomorrow.我害怕明天迟到。2)be afraid (that)句子，意为“恐怕；担心”，表示委婉语气。如：Im afraid I cant go to your party. 我恐怕去不了你的派对。1Its too hard to understand spoken English. 听懂英语口语太难了。“too形容词/副词动词不定式”结构简称为too.to结构。这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型，在大多数情况下表示否定意义，在翻译时，通常可译为“太而不能；太无法”。如： He walks too slowly to get there on time.他走得太慢，不能按时到达那儿。 Im too tired to think of anything now.我现在太累了，什么也不能想了。 2Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?魏芬为什么觉得学英语难？(1)find it形容词to do sth.意为“发现做某事”，it在这里作形式宾语代替to do sth.，此句相当于find宾语从句，但宾语从句中要注意时态与主句一致。如：I found it interesting to play Chinese chess.I found it was interesting to play Chinese chess.我发现下中国象棋很有趣。(2)find宾语宾补(名词、形容词、介词短语、分词)，意为“发现”。如：We find her an honest girl.我们发现她是一个诚实的女孩。We find her honest.我们发现她很诚实。We found him in the classroom.我们发现他在教室里。I found him working in the garden.我发现他在花园工作。He found the window closed.他发现窗户关着。3The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.老师讲得如此快以致大多数时候我都没有听懂。so.that.是一个主从复合句，意为“如此以致”，常用结构：so形容词/副词that从句。此结构的从句为否定句时，可以用not.enough to.和too.to结构将主从复合句转换为简单句。如：Its so difficult that I cant understand the meaning of the English story.Its not easy enough to understand the meaning of the English story.Its too difficult to understand the meaning of the English story.要明白这个英语故事的意思很难。4It serves you right.你活该/这是你应得的。It serves sb. right.是固定搭配，意为“某人活该；是某人应得的”。如：I once told you to work hard, but you always turned a deaf ear to me, it serves you right.以前我告诉过你要努力工作，但你总是不听我的，你这是自作自受。1by的用法(1)通过方式(途径)。如：I learn English by listening to tapes.我通过听磁带学习英语。(2)在旁边。如：Can you sit by the window?你能坐在窗边吗？(3)乘坐交通工具。如：I often go to school by bus.我经常乘公交车上学。(4)在之前；到为止。如：I have to go back by ten oclock.我不得不在十点之前回去。(5)被。如：English is spoken by many people.很多人讲英语。(6)固定词组：by the way顺便说一下，by mistake由于过错，by oneself 独自，one by one一个接一个，by the end of到末为止，time goes by时光流逝，by accident偶然地，word by word一个词接一个词。2how与what的区别(1)how通常对方式或程度提问，意为“怎么样；如何”，通常用来作状语和表语；what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意为“什么”，通常作主语和宾语。如：How is your summer holiday?你的暑假过得怎么样？(how表示程度，作表语)Its OK. 很好。How did you travel around the world?你是怎么环游世界的？(how对交通方式提问，作状语)I traveled by air.我乘飞机旅行。What do you learn at school?你在学校学什么？(what作宾语)I learn English, math and many other subjects.我学英语、数学和其他很多的科目。(2)how与what的相关句型：1)What do you think of.？What do you think about.？How do you feel about.？How do you like.？，意为“你认为怎么样”。如：What do you think of this book？How do you like this book?你认为这本书怎么样？2)What do you do with.？How do you deal with.？，意为“你怎么处理”。如：I dont know what I should do with the matter.I dont know how I should deal with the matter.我不知道如何处理这件事。3)Whats the weather like today？Hows the weather today? 今天天气怎么样？4)I dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。I dont know how to do it next.我不知道下一步该怎么做。5)感叹句。what后加名词，how后加形容词或副词。如：What good/bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词，其前不能加a)How good/bad the weather is today!今天天气真好/糟糕啊！What a fine/bad day it is today!(day为可数名词，其前要加a)How fine/bad the day is today!今天天气真好/糟糕啊！一、用by, with, in或on填空1How does her cousin improve her English?She improves it_ asking the teacher for help.2Tom said _ a loud voice, “Its none of your business.”3You can make a living_ teaching English at a middle school.4They have made much progress _ their hard work.5We are listening to the exciting news _ the radio.二、用所给词的适当形式填空1We do a lot of _(active) every day.2What we need to do is to put the _(sentence) in a right order.3Their parents know the _(important) of doing that.4The population of the world is _(increase) very quickly.5He _(success) by trying many times.6In class they always listen to teachers and take _(note) carefully.7I often make _(mistake) in English grammar.8Everyone should learn _(wise) and learn well.9I am allowed to make my own _(decide) at home.10The pen _(pal) of mine are from different countries.11They always have trouble_(pronounce) some of the words.12When you need help, _(partner) may give you a hand.13Of course we didnt know how English speakers _(create) the words.14We must use our eyes and _(brain) to make everything clear.15The government built a bridge, _(connect) Shanghai and Shaoxing.16Have you _(review) what you learned yesterday?17We all like that science teacher, he is _(knowledge)18We know it is not polite _(repeat) others voice.19One of the things he _(discover) was that the Chinese used paper money.20I must study English well so that I can have a better_(understand)of English movies.三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空pronouncealoudtextbook expressionconversation1Can you make some sentences with these words and_？2He tries and tries and at last he can get his_ right.3Do you all have the_？ If you do, please turn to Page 1.4Read the three_ between Lucy and Jack and answer the following questions.5How can I improve my English?You can read it_ to practice it in the morning.四、根据中文意思完成句子1我有点紧张，下周五我得做一个报告。Im a little _， I have to _ _ _ next Friday.2不要一个词一个词地读书，你应该按词群读。Dont read the book _ _ _， you should read word _3努力通过读句子去猜一个单词的意思。Try _ _ a _ meaning by reading the _4学好语法是要花时间的，但是你得有耐心。It _ time _ _ grammar well, but you have to _ _5我认识到我能通过听关键词听懂对话。I _ I could understand the conversation _ _ _ the key words.6如果你不知道这个词的意思，你可以在字典中查。If you dont know the _ of the word, you can _ _ _ in the dictionary.7你能告诉我怎样提高我的阅读速度吗？Can you tell me how _ _ my _ _？8你是否能学好英语依赖于你的学习习惯。_ _ _ you can learn English well _ _ your learning habits.9仅仅跟你父母说对不起是不够的。Its _ _ _ just _ sorry to your parents.10他们正在寻找方法来复习他们所学的东西。They are _ _ _ to review _ they have learned.五、根据中文提示完成短文Miss Wu is a young teacher of English in China. She loves teaching very much. One day when she was giving an English lesson, she found the headmaster 1_(坐) at the back of the classroom. After class the headmaster told her that he came to her class to 2_(发现) how much English and how much Chinese she was using. The 3_(结果) was about half English and half Chinese. She was using Chinese when she gave instructions to her students and4_(当时) she wanted to get feedback(反馈) from her students. The headmaster told her she should use more English in her class so that she can give students more English 5_(知识). Miss Wu made a plan 6_(像) this：* Talk with an Englishman every Sunday for two hours to learn more English 7_(表达方式)* Write some English vocabulary on cards. These cards not only8_(提醒) her to use English in class, but also help her 9_(记住) more English vocabulary.* Have a fiveminute talk in English with students before class. She will use body language to help her if her students cannot understand.One year later, she found she could use English 10_(自由地) in class.六、语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。每空不多于3个单词。Most Chinese students think English is difficult to learn. What do you think? Here is some advice on learning English.When you learn a new word, dont just memorize it. _1_， try to use it in the sentences. And use it as often as you can on the2_(one) day you learn it. You will remember the new words much 3_(easy) in this way.Practicing sounds, you know, 4_ difficult. Take the “th” sound for example: choose the words that begin with “th” and repeat them over and over again 5_ you pronounce them well. Have a try!Read, read and read! Reading is one of 6_(good) ways to increase your vocabulary and improve your grammar. Its important to choose the books you are _7_(interest) in.8_ someone is talking with you in English, listen to the main points. If you hear a new word, ignore(忽略) it and go on 9_(listen). If you stop and think about the word, you 10_(miss) everything else that the person is saying. Unit 1参考答案 一、1. by2. in3. by4. with5. on二、1. activities2. sentences3. importance 4. increasing5. succeeded6. notes 7. mistakes8. wisely9. decisions10. pals11. pronouncing12. partners13. created 14. brains15. connecting16. reviewed 17. knowledgeable18. to repeat19. discovered 20. understanding三、1. expressions2. pronunciation3. textbooks 4. conversations5. aloud四、1. nervous, give a report2. word by word, groups3. to guess, words, sentences4. takes, to learn, be patient5. realized, by listening to6. meaning, look it up7. to increase, reading speed8. Whether or not, depends on9. not enough to, say10. looking for ways, what五、1. sitting2. discover3. result4. when5. knowledge6. like7. expressions8. remind9. memorize10. freely六、1. Instead2. first3. more easily4. is5. until6. the best7. interested8. When9. listening10. will miss
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