中考专题复习形容词和副词.docx

中考 专题复习 形容词和副词形容词1、 形容词的作用与位置一形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定语时放在名词的前面。形容词修饰名词。如：a big yellow wooden Chinese ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船)前置形容词（作定语）的顺序为： 冠词+描述性形容词（pretty/ugly/kind等）+表特征形容词（大形新年色）+专属形容词（国籍等）+材料 +名词作表语时放在连系动词之后，构成系表结构。如：The idea sounds great. 连系动词主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（感到，摸起来）.作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean. keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词（作宾补）后置的情况： 修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)二注意：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with2、 常见考点 1. 只能作表语的形容词：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的例如，the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(误)2. 只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的例如，my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (误)3. 貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的4. 复合形容词：snow-white雪白的 english-speaking说英语的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known众所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old十岁的。课堂练习1. Miss Li is _ (严格的) with us, but she is the most popular teacher in our school. 2. It is not safe for such a small child to swim _ (单独)in the river. 3. Learning Chinese is very popular among foreigners now. Im sure it will be used _ (wide) in the world. 4. Eating too much fast food is not _ (health). 5. _(lucky), the sick boy had a successful operation at last. 6. In some ways, the space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very _ (comfortable) . 7. -The radio says it will be _ (rain) tomorrow, so we cant have a picnic in the park.-What a pity! 8. Congratulations! Youve answered all the questions (正确地). 9. (luck), John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe. 10. Eat some vegetables and fruit every day because they are (health) food.三形容词常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。例如，its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。its very rude of her to say such words.(=she is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真粗鲁。its foolish of him to go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2.“its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。例如，its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=to listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=to get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如，glad to see you. 见到你非常高兴。im very sad to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。例如，lei feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。he is sure to get to school on time. 他一定会按时到校。课堂练习翻译下面句子。1. 他夜晚一个人出去实在太危险了。 2.她很粗心，每天都上学迟到。 3. 对于学生来说，每天复习是很必要的。 4、 形容词的比较级形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not think swimming is as interesting as hiking.注意I dont think否定前移句型比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。5、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例： His bike is newer than hers. (见到than 必须用比较级) Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) Jim is the tallest of all (the studens). (见到of all 要用最高级) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到of the three要用最高级) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (两者比用比较级) Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?（三者或三者以上比用最高级） This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one. Id like the bigger (one) of the two cakes.（两者中“较”用“the+比较级”） Tom is two years older than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。 Tom is twice as old as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is bigger/larger/smaller than yours. 我们学校的学生数目比你们学校大/小。（两个数量/目只级比较大小，不能比较多少(价格price只能比较高低，用“high”或“low”，不能比较贵或便宜)6、比较级与最高级的互换Jim is taller than any other boy in our class.(吉姆比我们班上任何一个男孩都高)= Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在我们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)= Jim is taller than any of the other boys in our class.= Jim is the tallest boy in our class. （吉姆是我们班最高的） . Jim is taller than any girl in our class.（吉姆比我们班的任何一个女孩都高） .Tom isnt as/so tall as Mike. = Tom is shorter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book isnt as/so interesting as that book. =This book is less interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.7、比较级前常用的修饰语:比较级前常用a bit/a little（一点），much/a lot（非常）,even/far(更加),still等词语表示程度。而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。例如：She is a little taller than I (me). Rose is much more careful than Tom. Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？) He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)8、使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项: 1. than必须放在形容词比较级的后面。2. 形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the可以省略。3. 在进行比较时，必须是同类事物相比较。His ruler is longer than I. (错) His ruler is longer than mine.(对) The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(that不能少)课堂练习1. It was _ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic无锡市A. such fine B. such a fine C. so fine D. so fine a 2. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining_. A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily3. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. 苏州市 A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully4. Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much_she was getting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend? Yes, I did. It was covered_, and I think it was wonderful. A. live B. alive C living D. lively6. The girls voice sounds_. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully7. How are you today, Bob?Im even_now. I dont think the medicine is good for me. A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is_to be a famous writer. 宿迁市A. enough creative B. creative enough C. energetic enough D. enough energetic9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances_Anita does.A. so good as B. as well as B. C. as good as D. so well as10. When the fire broke out, many people were so_that they ran_.A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs_days. A. more two B. two more C. two another D. another more12. In the Science Museum, the children felt_to see so many_things. A. surprised; amazed B. surprising; amazing C surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazing 13. It was _ music that I lost myself in it. 泰州市A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful a C. so beautiful D. such beautiful14. Be _. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time. A. peaceful B. careful C. helpful D. thankful 15. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and go to an open area as _as possible. A. slowlyB. quietlyC. widely D. quickly16. Ive got nothing to do. Im _.A. bored B. interested C. excited D. frightened17. She was _ well dressed that she attracted everyones attention at the party. A. so B. quite C. too D. very18. Peter drives_Amy, so it will take Peter time to get to the hotel.A. much faster than; less B. more slowly than; lessC as fast as; more D. as slowly as; more副词副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。-考查重点中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中，频度副词always，often，usually，sometimes，never，时间副词already，yet，still，just，疑问副词how，why，when，where，程度副词enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法区别，副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。一、副词的分类：(见下表)时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also,yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so,then, early, late,always,anywhere,rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out,much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副词where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,二、副词的基本用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如，1.we should listen to our teachers carefully. 我们应该认真听老师讲课。2.he is very happy today. 他今天非常高兴。3.“what happened？”i asked，rather angrily. “发生什么事情了？”我相当生气地问。4. in spring，i can see flowers everywhere. 在春天，我到处都能看到花。三、常见副词用法辨析1.already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末， 表示“已经”例如，he had already left when i called. 当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。have you found your ruler yet？ 你已经找到你的尺子了吗？i havent finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成作业。注意：already还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末例如：has your son gone to school already？ 你的儿子已经上学了吗？(表示很惊讶)2 very，much和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.例如，john is very honest. 约翰非常诚实。this garden is much bigger than that one. 这个花园比那个大的多。thank you very much. 非常感谢你3.so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词，例如，my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。he is such a boy. 他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，. 例如，he is so clever a boy.=he is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。it is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)it is so cold weather.(误)they are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。(正)they are so good students. (误)如果可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such.例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词4.also，too，as well与either 的区别also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，my father is a teacher. my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher as well.=my father is a teacher. my mother is a teacher，too. 我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。i cant speak french. jenny cant speak french，either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时sometimes：有时，不时的some time：一段时间some times：几次，几倍. 例如，well have a test sometime next month. 下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。he stayed in beijing for some time last year. 他去年在北京呆了一段时间。i have been to beijing some times. 我去过北京好几次。6.ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。例如，i saw him ten minutes ago. 我十分钟之前看到的他。he told me that he had seen the film before. 他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7.now，just与just now的区别now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”just：与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚”just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”. 例如，where does he live now？ 他现在住哪里？we have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。he was here just now. 他刚才在这里。课堂练习一、根据句意和所给的首字母，写出副词的完整形式。1. The boy fell off his bike and hurt himself b .2. “Why are late for school again?” the teacher asked a .3. I didnt see m during the flight because there are t much cloud.4. He is s nice a person that we all like him.5. The words on the blackboard are so small that I cant see them c .6. You cant drive a car. I cant e .7. Please speak l , I cant hear you.8. The green lights dont shine so b as the yellow ones.9. How f did he run? Two miles.10. Lucy studies Chinese h than Lily; so she does b in Chinese than Lily.11. He often takes a lift to go up and d .12. Then he gets o of the lift and climb u to the fifteenth floor on foot.13. Go along this road and turn r at the second crossing.14. I got up e and hurried to the station.15. The old man was too tired to walk any f .16. You dont write so c as before.17. The truck hit the tree so h that it fell down.18. L I was at home when she called.19. Look! The kite is flying h and h .20. The children rushed n to their seats. 21. You came to school l in your class yesterday.22. Lucy did rather b . Mei mei did w . Lily did w of all.23. How w the little girl is dancing over there.24. My mother coughed t for the whole night.25. Old people must be spoken to p .二、选择题1. The sun _ rises in the east. A. never B. sometimes C. always D. often2. I always listen to the teacher_ in class. Its very clever of you to do that. A. free B. freely C. careful D. carefully 3. They could do the work better with _ money and _people. A. little, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, fewer D. less, few4. Monday is my_ day. A. the busiest B. busy C. busier D. busiest 5. Mr. Taylor, the bank manager often dresses more_ to get relaxed at the weekends. A . carefully B. normally C. casually D. particularly 6. Jenny, a man named Tom phoned you_. He asked you to call him back. A. now and then B. just now C. right now D. from now on 7. Tom is _of the two. A. the younger B. the youngest C. younger D. the young8. What _ news it was! Yes, all of the children were_. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excitedC. exciting; exciting D. excited ; excited 9. The pianos in this shop are as _ as the ones in that shop. A. cheap B. cheapest C. cheaper D. the cheapest10. Its winter now. It is getting _.A. very cold and cold B. colder and colder C. more cold and cold D. coldest and coldest专题复习：完型填空My mom only had one eye. I hated her.There was one day during primary school when my mom came to say hello to me. How could she 61 this to me? I threw her a hateful look and ran out. The next day one of my classmates said, EEEE, your mom only has one eye! I wanted my mom to just disappear (消失)from my life. I told her that day, If youre only making others laugh at me, why dont you just 62 ? My mom was silent. I didnt 63 to think about what 1 had said, because I was full of anger.I wanted out of that 64 ，and have nothing to do with her. I studied hard and went to Korea. 65 1 had my own family. 1 was happy with my life and my children.One day, my mom came to visit me. When she stood by the door, my children laughed. I shouted at 66 ,“How dare you come to my house and scare (惊吓) my children! GET .OUT OF HERE! NOW! My mom quietly answered, Oh, Im so sorry. I may have gotten the wrong 67 , and she went away.One day, I came back for a school reunion (聚会). My neighbors saw me and told me my mom died. They 68 me a letter.My dearest son,I think of you all the time. Im sorry that I was an embarrassment to you when you were growing up.You see.when you were very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. As a mother, I couldnt 69 you having to grow up with one eye. So I gave you mine. I was so 70 of my son who was seeing a whole new world for me, in my place, with that eye.With all my love to you,Your mother( ) 61. A. say B. do C. explain D. throw( ) 62. A. come B. leave C. die D. start( ) 63. A. stop B. need C. want D. care( ) 64. A. school B. class C. hospital D. house( ) 65. A. Still B. Then C. Again D. Suddenly( ) 66. A. them B. you C. it D. her( ) 67. A. address B. idea C. time D. key( ) 68. A. wrote B. sent C. handed D. left( ) 69. A. bear B. find C. watch D. keep( ) 70. A. sure B