专四语法之比较结构.ppt

比较结构,一比较结构(comparativeConstruction),英语中比较结构最主要有三种：asas结构morethan结构themost结构,1.asas结构,基本模式：as+adj/adv(原级）+as否定形式：1)notas/so+adj/adv(原级）+as2)也可用lessthane.gJohnisasbrightasBob.(否定）JohnisnotasbrightasBob.JohnislessbrightthanBob.,用法：主语不同，比较项目相同。Thisparcelisasheavyasthatone.2.主语相同，比较项目不同。Thegirlwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.这姑娘既漂亮又聪明。3.主语和比较项目都不同。Theswimmingpoolisnttwiceaswideasthatoneislong.（倍数+as+adj/adv+as.),另一种模式：asmuch/many+n+as否定形式：notas/somuch/many+n+as1)Hetookasmuchbutterasheneed.Hedidnttakeas/somuchbutterasheneeded.2)Shehaswrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).Shehasntwrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).,变体形式：as+adj(原级）+名词词组+as(注意下列句子的语序）1.GeorgeisasefficientaworkerasJack.(名词的意义受到强调）orGeorgeisaworker(whois)asefficientasJack.(形容词的意义受到强调）2.Idontwantasexpensiveacarasthis.,2.morethan结构,1)用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。Theconcertwasmoreenjoyablethanlecture.2)用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。Thepresentcrisisismuchmoreapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。此用法也可用于lessthan结构，但得出相反的含义。Thepresentcrisisismuchlessapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机，不如说是经济危机。,3.（the）+adj/adv最高级+比较范围,比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用：anyother+单数名词theother+复数名词theothersanyone/anythingelse上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。,补充说明,1notsoas¬somuchasLondonisntsobigasTokyo.伦敦没有东京大。ItwasntsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.(与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。）前一例相当于一般的比较结构，后一例相当于lessthan的含义。notsomuchas是一个专四常考结构。,真题举例：Itisnotsomuchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(99,45)(07.57)【注：同一个句子专四考了两次，这说明了反复看往年题的重要性】Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudnesssomuchasbyhislackoftalent.(04,41),2.notmore/-erthan与nomore/-erthanJohnisnotbetterthanTom.(否定前者，肯定后者)JohnisnobetterthanTom.(对前后者都否定）真题举例：Overpopulationposeaterriblethreattohumanrace.Yetitisprobablynotmoreathreatthanenvironmentaldestruction.(07.62),3.nomorethan(=notanymorethan)两者一样都不Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。Fatcannotchangeintomuscleanymorethanmusclechangesintofat.(99.44)脂肪不能变成肌肉，就如同肌肉不能变成脂肪一样。,4.themorethemore与moreandmorethemore.themore表示两个过程中同时递增，是主从结构。moreandmore只表示一个过程的不断增长。如thewildertherangeofourlifeandthemorevariousthecontactswehave,thewilderandsupplermustbeourcommandoverarangofEnglishstyles.,5.“ofa+n”的比较级“ofa+n”相当于一个形容词，表示具有后面那个名词的性质；若该名词为可数名词，名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用more来修饰。如Heismoreofadoctor.他更像个医生。该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。如Heisasofanathleteasshe.他和她一样具备运动员的素质。,Thereareasgoodfishinthesea_evercameoutofit.(2007,51)ThanB.likeC.asD.soItisnot_muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(2007,57)A.ThatB.asC.soD.very,Itwas_wehadhoped.(2006,64)A.moreasuccessthanB.asuccessmorethanC.asmuchofasuccessasD.asuccessasmuchas,DoyouknowTimsbrother?Heis_thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsman,Overpopulationposeaterriblethreattohumanrace.Yetitisprobably_athreatthanenvironmentaldestruction.(07,62)A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmore,Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,_tothetruck.(2004,57)A.thegreaterstressisB.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestress,Anewlaptopcostsabout_ofasecond-handone.(2009,55)A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethantheprices,Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes_thesizeofSt.PetersinRome.A./B.thatofC.whichisD.of,