翻译阅读作业答案.doc

Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes remembering things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出)something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 wordsstring of alphabetic or numerical charactersready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.57. Which of the following is TRUE about memory?A It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.B It is based on the decisions we made in the past.C It is rooted in our past habits and skills.D It connects our past experiences with the present.58. According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that _.A it involves a change in ones behaviorB it keeps information for later useC it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD it enables one to remember events that happened in the past59. What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?A Computers have better memory than a child does.B Computers are as intelligent as a teenager is.C Computers can understand as many as 100,000 words.D Human beings are far superior to computers.60. What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?A It can be expanded by language. C It may keep all the information in the past.B It can remember all the combined words. D It may change what has been stored in it.61. Human beings make themselves different from other animals by _.A having the ability to perceive dangerB having a far greater memory capacityC having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD having the ability to draw on past experiencesPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.Family is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of family in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life.For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving ones parents and starting ones own life. The mans first duty will then be to his wife, and the wifes to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wifes parents nor the husbands, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with themthey are their own masters.Readers of novels like Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families was arranged by the girls parents, that is, it was the parents duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry(嫁妆). It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results: a girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.62. What does the author mean by Family is of course an elastic word?A Different families have different ways of life.B Different definitions could be given to the word.C Different nations have different families.D Different times produce different families.63. For an English family, the husbands duty is _.A supporting the family while the wife is financialB defending the family while the wife is running the homeC financial while the wife is running the homeD independent while the wife is dependent64. Everything is decided in a family _.A by the couple C by brothers and sistersB with the help of their parents D with the help of aunts and uncles65. What is TRUE concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?A It is the best book on marriage.B It is a handbook of marriage.C It gives quite some ideas of English social life in the past.D It provides a lot of information of former time wealthy families.66. With regard to marriage in Britain, present day girls differ from former time girls in _.A the right to marry C choosing husbandsB more parental support D social positionPassage One57. D 推断题。由文章第一段可知，在我们过去的经验中可以找到对日常各种看法的理解、我们做决定的基础、我们习惯的根源以及我们所掌握的技能，而所有这些经验都通过记忆和现在联系在了一起，所以D正确。58. C 细节题。本题可采用排除法。A、B、D三项在文章第二、三段中均有提及，而原文中并没有提出C(记忆告诫人们不要重复做事情)，故选C。59. D 推断题。由文章第三段中的.teenager probably recognizes. 100,000 words. this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored 可知，电脑与青少年都有10万单词的记忆量，但对于青少年来说，这只占大脑信息存储量的一小部分，言外之意是人脑优于电脑，所以D正确。60. B 细节题。文章最后一段第三句明确指出，语言可以极大地扩展人类记忆事物的数量和种类，第四句又说这一特点使人有别于动物，由此可知这是人类记忆力的主要特点，所以A正确。61. B 细节题。由文章最后一句指出人类强大的记忆力使人区别于其他动物，故选B。Passage Two62. B 语义题。本题主要考查从下文猜测词义的能力，即对elastic的理解。由下文But引出的并列句可猜测出英国人对家庭的概念不同于其他国家的人，由此推断，不同人对家庭的定义是不一样的，因此B正确。elastic原意为“有弹性的，非固定不变的”，而该句意为“家庭是一个有多种含义的词”。63. C 细节题。由文章第二段第三句可知，在英国家庭中，男人是女人的财政支柱(responsible for her financial support), 女人负责管家，所以C正确。64. A 推断题。由文章第二段最后一句可知，没有任何人能干涉夫妻俩的事他们是自己的主人，由此可知，家里的事由夫妻俩做主，所以A正确。65. C 推断题。由文章第三段可知，傲慢与偏见讲述了当时的婚姻状况有钱人的婚姻都由女方的父母做主，这是当时英国社会生活的一个方面，所以C正确。66. D 推断题。文章第三段谈到了过去和现在的女孩在决定婚姻中地位的不同，并指出现在的女孩结婚前经济就可以独立，婚姻自由，由此可知，她们的社会地位比以前有了很大提高，所以D正确87. Living in the desert has many problems, _(缺水并不是惟一的问题).88. The production _ (增加到每月500吨)by the end of this month.89. Some children put much emphasis _(有足够的钱以便到外面去痛快享受).90. Please _(不要忘记让你姐姐到超市买一些牛排).91. The students now _ (宁愿上网，也不愿意到图书馆去看书).87. of which the lack of water is not the only one依照给出的中文，可译为the lack of water is not the only problem，但已给出的英文部分已经是个完整的句子，所以译文应以从句的形式出现。缺水是many problems中的一个问题，故使用表示所属关系的of+which结构来引导。缺水也可译为water shortage。88. will have risen / will rise to 500 tons per monthrise和raise都可指“升高，增长”，前者为不及物动词，后者为及物动词。本句为主谓结构，故用不及物动词rise。by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，意为“不迟于”，所以主句一般是完成时态，当然也可用将来时态。89. on having enough money to enjoy themselves outsideput emphasis on / upon是固定短语，意为“强调，注重”，后接名词或动名词。90. dont forget to ask your elder sister to buy some steak in the supermarket动词forget后面可以跟动词不定式，也可以跟动词的-ing形式。前者意为“不要忘了去做某事”，即动作还没有发生;后者意为“不要忘了做过某事”，即动作已经发生。由于本句中的动作还没有发生，所以应用forget+动词不定式的形式。91. prefer netsurfing to reading in the library“宁愿而不愿”通常用prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.的结构来表示，要注意的是，该结构中的to是介词，后面应跟名词或动名词。