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Unit1Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwritingcourse will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious the film businessis very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takesmore than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there willalways be (5) resistance from producers because its too expensive. So make sure you have plenty ofothers to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your(7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 Weve seen a place we like and were applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forcesof nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)Active reading (2)2 Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The passage will be (c) .(a) a newspaper article about life expectancy(b) a sad story about death(c) advice about how to make the most of your life(d) a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for healthUnit 1 Discovering yourself122 The passage is likely to be (d) .(a) serious(b) funny(c) depressing(d) a mixture of all three3 The passage is likely to say (b) .(a) young people dont think enough about death(b) life is short(c) people are dying unnecessarily(d) people dont enjoy life enoughReading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Life is short. So theres no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to dowhat we want to do. Theres no time to lose.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)Discovering yourself Unit 1153 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone elses life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried.2 I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all crammed in the front.3 The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been triple-parked oneagainst another, making it almost impossible to get past.4 We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinatingbiography of his grandmother.5 The time we have on this earth may be finite, but there are no limits to the human imagination.Language in useword formation: compound words1 Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying . Ive double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb) budding crypt-kickers (compound noun) a rear-view mirror (compound adjective) the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective) back-burner stuff (compound adjective) standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun) a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective)2 Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives.1 a party which is held late at night (a late-night party)2 a library which is well stocked (a well-stocked library)3 a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor)4 some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)5 a population which is growing rapidly (a rapidly-growing population)6 an economy which is based on free market (a free-market economy)7 a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)Its what / how that 3 Rewrite the sentences using Its what / how that 1 What other people think of us is determined by how we behave.Its how we behave that determines what other people think of us.Unit 1 Discovering yourself202 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.Its what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.3 What we do as a career isnt always determined by the marks we get at university.It isnt always what marks we get at university that determine what we do as a career.4 How we react to lifes problems is often determined by our childhood experiences.It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to lifes problems.5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it.Its what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.It is / was not just that but 4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that but 1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets.It wasnt just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gain a first-classdegree.It wasnt just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclassdegree.3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seemed as if they werent at all interested.It wasnt just that they werent listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they werent at all interested.4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.It wasnt just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun.It wasnt just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay.(a) Where is dust likely to settle in a room?On the surfaces that arent used very often or arent cleaned.(b) If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory?Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome.(c) If you settle the bill, what is there left to pay?Nothing, because you have paid everything that is owed.(d) What do you do when you settle back to watch a film?We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.2 smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.(a) If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick?No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough.Discovering yourself Unit 121(b) If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems?No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties.(c) Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talker?Not necessarily, because some people who talk confidently like that do so to trick you, like aconfidence trickster or conman.3 offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, orsomething that is for sale.(a) If you decline an offer, do you say “yes” or “no”?We say “no”, because we are refusing it.(b) If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say?We should say, “I apologize” or “Im sorry”.(c) Where are you likely to see special offer?In a shop, because the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.(d) If someone has a lot to offer, what kind of person are they?They are intelligent, talented, gifted or creative and they will bring these kinds of qualities to their work.4 bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannotaccept it.(a) If you bear something in mind, do you forget it?No, we will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.(b) If you bear a resemblance to someone, in what way are you like them?We look similar in certain physical features.(c) Is there anything you cant bear to think about?I cant bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. Inthe modern world, why dont we just solve them?5 resistance This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed bysomething, or opposition to someone or something.(a) If there is resistance to an idea, do people accept it?No, not easily. They refuse to accept the idea maybe because its just a bad idea, or they may changetheir mind if they understand it better.(b) If the soldiers met with resistance, what happened?The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against.(c) Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold?Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise sothat we are less likely to catch a cold, or if we do get one, we wont suffer so badly.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like thisagain, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams inApril and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so thepeer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five oclock in theafternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags undertheir eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. ( and guys worethe bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride 这句的动词wear 后面带两个宾语，中7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for anychallenges, whereas some others think they dont have to think much about the future, because future isfull of uncertainties.2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew thathis life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best ofthe remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot atcompleting it ahead of schedule.Unit2Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What were Sylvia Plaths most important memories?She remembered winning a prize, Paula Browns new suit and the view from her window.2 Where did she live and what could she see from her bedroom window?She lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, and she could see the lights of Boston and LoganAirport from her bedroom window.3 What did the view make her want to do?It made her want to fly in her dreams.4 Why did she have such vivid dreams?Because she was rarely tired when she went to bed.5 Who appeared in her dreams?Superman appeared and taught her to fly.6 Why did she enjoy the radio adventures of Superman?Because she loved the sheer poetry of flight.7 Where did her friend and she play Superman?At the dingy back entrance to the school, an alcove in a long passageway.Unit 2 Childhood memories468 Why do you think they chose Sheldon to be the villain?Because he was a mammas boy and was left out of the other boys games.9 How did she feel about her Uncle Frank?She admired him as she thought he bore an extraodinary resemblance to Superman incognito.4 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Sylvia Plath wrote about her real and imaginary life as a child.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 accurate and true (definite)2 continuing all the time (perpetual)3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl)4 to shine very brightly (blaze)5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control (giggle)6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt)7 to fall to the ground (tumble)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) definiteand still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman.Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In the distance a planewas taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6) giggling whichcame from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly.(barren)3 The boys were playing a childrens game in which the players chase and try to touch each other and thegirls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as apunishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear.(napkin)Culture / Ethnic group Characteristics of childhoodAmerican colonial expected to be good and industriousInuit develop a process of acquiring thought, reason and understandingTongaregularly beaten and told off by parents and older siblings, seen as being verynaughty, until they develop social competenceBengtreated with great care and reverence, believed that they are in contact with thespirit worldChildhood memories Unit 255Culture / Ethnic group Characteristics of childhoodWestern world todayseen as incompetent and irresponsible; playing not working, going to school notlabouring, consumption instead of productionFulani competent and responsible; expected to workYanamamcompetent and responsible; girls expected to work from a young age, be marriedand have children at 12 or 13; boys having fewer responsibilities and gettingmarried later4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The characteristics of childhood a hundred years ago (d) .(a) would have interfered in their education(b) are similar to those of today(c) would be illegal today(d) meant that children were treated more like adults2 The idea that childhood is a social construction suggests that (a) .(a) children experience childhood in different ways according to the society in which they live(b) enormous transformations have taken place within a relatively short time(c) children in the past worked harder(d) all children are different from adults3 Both Inuit and Tongan parents understand that (b) .(a) their children need to be treated in a way which would be considered harsh by outsiders(b) their children dont yet possess certain prized qualities, such as reasoning and social competence(c) growing up is a process of acquiring thought, not social skills(d) bringing up their children requires tolerance and discipline4 Parents of Beng children treat them with great care because they (d) .(a) think children know all human languages and understand all cultures(b) think life in the earthly world is unpleasant(c) believe the children still live in a spirit world(d) fear the children may choose to return to the spirit world where they lived before they were born5 Western childcare practices (c) .(a) include allowing eight-year-old girls to work and 12-year-old girls to marry(b) treat the child in a bizarre and possibly harmful way(c) see the child as being incompetent, dependent on the parents, and incapable of looking after other children(d) are only similar to Yanamam childcare practices in that girls help out at home, and boys are allowedto play well into their teens6 The main idea of the passage is that (c) .(a) history shows us how our perception of childhood has changed(b) childhood is viewed in different ways according to the childs cultural and social upbringing(c) both history and society can affect our perception of childhood(d) Western notions of childhood are outdated and not informed(continued)6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.Our (1) knowledge and understanding of childhood is undergoing a process of (2) nonstop change. Inthe West we see children as being (3) in need of adult control. However, among other (4) socio-culturalgroups with similar traditions children are (5) mainly considered to be capable of assuming greaterresponsibilities. So there is a (6) strong desire for (7) someone who does not belong to this group tothink that such practices might be odd or even harmful. But while most ethnic groups may at first show(8) hesitation about integrating other traditions and customs with their own, (9) outside pressures usuallymake them change their traditional view of childhood.Key: (1) notion (2) continual (3) dependent on (4) ethnic (5) largely(6) temptation (7) an outsider (8) reluctance (9) externalLanguage in useunpacking complex sentences1 Look at the sentences from the passage Superman and answer the questions.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a suddenshock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bedjust in time.(a) What were believable?Her dreams about flying were believable.(b) How real were they?They were very real.Unit 2 Childhood memories60(c) Who had the sense of having tumbled like Icarus?The writer, Sylvia Plath.(d) Why would she wake up with a breathless sense?Because she felt she was really flying.(e) What did the breathless sense feel like?It felt like a sudden shock.(f) Why did she catch herself on the soft bed just in time?Because she felt she was falling.2 We even found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow mammas boy
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