21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册课后习题参考答案.doc

21世纪大学英语读写教程（第四册）课后习题参考答案 21世纪大学英语读写教程（第四册）课后习题参考答案UNIT1TEXT AII1.He defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a person makes or has made to human civilization.2.The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication in achieving greatness.3.Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.5.Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.6.The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.7.They simply dont devote the amount of time required.8.The study showed that enjoying ones work is the best form of motivation.IV1.chat 2.acknowledge 3.motivated 4.charcteristic5.despite 6.influential 7.cited 8.obstacle9.intrinsic 10.criteria 11.obsession 12.innate13.contribution(s) 14.contemporary 15.submitted 16.moraleV1.left behind 2.rise 3.made history 4.were endowed with5.put up with 6.going nowhere 7.ifocuses on 8.be built on9.put in 10.come up with 11.take charge 12.set.apartVIefficiency emergency fluency frequencyproficiency tendency urgency sufficiency1.fluency 2.proficiency 3.emergency 4.Efficiency5.tendency 6.frequencyVII1.For some students, its not that they dont put in enough time its that they dont have good study habits.2.Children perform differently at school. Its not that they have different IQs its that they are brought up in different environments.3.The company is not very productive. Its not that its staff arent talented its that their energy hasnt been channeled effectively.4.Im really sorry. Its not that I dont want to go to the cinema with you its that I have to finish my paper tonight.5.You have a stomachache. Its not that the food was bad its probably that you have too much stress from your work.VIII1.President Wilson didnt try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation through an association of nations. 2.Computers dont teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their different needs.3.We shouldnt focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.4.He dosent get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.5.Teaching success shouldnt be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn.IXBCBAD DCABA DABCAX西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。”他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿?丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底我们永远不会屈服。”XI1.Americans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are considered less important.2.His uncompromising personality explains why he could no longer put up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.3.If you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot of time and energy, or youll go nowhere. The same can be said of other subjects.4.Some actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite his short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent acting that set him apart.5.After he took charge, we discovered that there were striking differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive and passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on how to raise our morale.6.Deng Xiaoping made history when he declared Chinas reform and opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made lasting contributions to our countrys modernization with his unrelenting efforts.7.Why could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a hardworking person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that besides ones IQ, many other factors have much to do with ones achievements.8.This teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her students so she can really teach them something. Its not that she is talented, its that she focuses completely or drawing their full attention in class.UNIT2TEXT AII1.He got no thanks for returning a wallet, though he deserved to.2.He wants to show how much people need gratitude to keep up a spirit of kindness and cooperation.3.She saved up for two years, went to Normandy in person, and gave her sons gold wristwatch to the woman.4.He send a short recording expressing his appreciation of the authors thoughtfulness and sent it to the author.5.A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfusion came back again and again to donate his blood anonymously so that more patients could be saved.6.He does it by citing W.H. Hudsons gratitude for his wifes day-to-day heroism.7.Those people who do little things for us all year round.8.It can make people take infinite pains with their work.9.Gratitude is needed all the time and none of us can give too much of it.III1.intention 2.sincere 3.glaring 4.sore5.trace 6.render 4.denial 5.proof9.tribute 7.conventional 11.generous 12.gratitude13.slammed 14.agreeableIV1.caught/took my fancy 2.a mistake on Johns part3.take for granted 4.think twice5.saved up 6.referred to7.boast about 8.took pains with9.refrain from 10.something of11.in one way or another 12.fed upV1.altitude 2.aptitude 3.attitude 4.longitude5.fortitude 6.mulitiude 7.latitude 8.solitudeVI1.coordination 2.coexist 3.co-workers 4.co-owners5.co-authored 6.Cooperation 7.Coeducation 8.copilotVII1.no sacrifice for the education of the young was too great2.No price is too high to pay in order to save their lives3.cannot be too careful in performing an experiment4.They cannot praise him too much5.can not be overemphasized6.cannot be overestimatedVIIIBACDD BABCD BADCAIX一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。X1.He glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.2.Johns sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who rendered him generous help when he was in difficulty.3.He is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he saved up for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.4.The beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They took/caught all the visitors fancy in one way or another.5.At first he took it for granted that they should build more highways in this area. Then a careful calculation of the expenditure compelled him to think twice before he made the final decision.6.Each time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my friend Bill never fails to acknowledge it.7.The journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to in the old couples letter, which is a tribute to the young mans effort at improving their living conditions.8.Though he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his door and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from slamming the door in their face.UNIT3TEXT AII1.He changed his perspective and observed people who did not have smallpox.2.He wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.3.He compares the human brain to a computer and the change of ones point of view to the reprogramming of the computer.4.It is to fight it.5.He calls it vertical thinking.6.He used the technique of lateral thinking.7.The key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the problem head-on.8.They should change their point of view and regard themselves as their bodys keeper.9.Very often lateral thinking yields much better results than vertical thinking.10.It is approaching the target from a sideways point of view instead of approaching it directly.III1.tactic 2.utmost 3.structure 4.slack 5.significance6.head-on 7.dead end 8.erased 9.framework 10.vertical;vertical11.ceased 12.flaw 13.implies 14.affirmedIV1.wound up being 3.take in 5.take over2.pulling on 4.in effect 6.ended up teachingV1.approach 2.fought 3.cure 4.pressured5.focus 6.approach 7.program 8.experienced9.switch 10.escape 11.fail 12.escapedVIassistant accountant servant dependant attendantcontestant defendant consultant inhabitant occupant1.attendant 2.servant 3.consultans 4.contestant 5.accountant6.occupants 7.assistant 8.inhabitants 9.dependants 10.defendantVII1.of use2.of great importance3.of great/critical/extreme significance4.of little value5.of marked benefit6.of invaluable helpVIII1. should have told me at once2.2.should have told me beforehand3.3.should have left the company long ago4. never should have happened5. should have left thirty minutes ago6. should have phonedIXCDBDA BBDBB CABDCX一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。德博诺医生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。横向思维，德博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法一种完全避免这种拼搏，用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。XI1.Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.2.Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.3.The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.4.While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.5.Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab.6.Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on. If he does not stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.7.There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting. Why dont you erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?8.John should have given up smoking a long time ago. After all, health is of the utmost importance to everybody.UNIT4TEXT AII1.The IQs among the students were within the normal range.2.The study showed that a teachers positive view and high expectations of students convinces them that they are gifted and enables them to do better than average work.3.She did not see this as evidence that the student was not bright or capable, but rather viewed it as one day抯 poor performance, an exception to a normally good pattern of work.4.It is hard to describe exactly, but her tone was assured and she did not express any negative qualities such as irony, putdowns and/or irritation.5.This shows that positive expectation can be effective even on mice, who do not, of course, understand human language.6.Labeling means thinking of people in terms of the general prejudices which we have about their nationality, their race, or their gender, rather than thinking of them as individuals.7.Labels define a broad, heterogenerous group too specifically. They are usually prejudicial, non-inclusive, and often racist or sexist.8.This example shows how labeling can create a sense of guilt in a person who does not do what is expected, even when he follows his talents and is quite successful.IV1.breed 2.accordingly 3.racial 4.homogeneous5.inclusive 6.welfare 7.deceiving 8.irritation9.variables 10.uncover 11.irony 12.verbal13.readily 14.indifference 15.certainty;certainty 16.superiorV1.in terms of 2.due to 3.measures/lives up to 4.as often as not5.consisted of 6.go through with 7.in reality 8.in partVI1.unfolded 2.unpacked 3.undo 4.unbend5.unfastende 6.unload 7.undressing 8.unlockedVII1.transmit 2.transforming;transferring 3.transcribed4.transplanting 5.transfer 6.transparentVIII1.AS the example in the text makes clear2.As i mentioned earlier / As(was) mentioned earlier3.As is known all4.as (is) agreed on in the contract5.as had been originally plannedIX1.They would rather overwork themselves to make life better for our sake than spend their hard-earned money on themselves2.would rather read a best-seller than chat with others3.would rather confine yourself in the library than go out to meet and talk with local people4.would rather give up my short-term interest than let it slip away5.would rather not tell our parents what抯 in our minds than sit down and communicate with them like friendsXBDADB ACADA BBACBXI某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事。当这种情况发生时，那个学生面对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒。相反，老师认为这是一次例外，一件偶然的事情，倒霉的一天，一次暂时的失误而学生相信了她，并消除了疑虑。下一次，他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。很难精确地确定老师传达的信息：“我期待着最好的成绩，”中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子。它的一部分包括显示信心的平和语调，言语上的耐心，及没有讽刺、贬低和恼怒等消极因素。期待着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问，因为她知道她得到的答案将是正确的，而孩子也感受到了那种信心。XII1.Schools should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of students exam results and treating them accordingly. Instead, a good educational system should enable every student to measure up to good standards as well-rounded people.2.As often as not, when college students have questions after class, their teachers are not readily available except during office hours. This is due to teachers busy academic research, rather than their indifference to the students.3.This class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be labeled average in terms of English level. But as this teacher has never shown any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.4.Teaching is becoming increasingly demanding in the United States, due in part to the diversity of students racial background and the complexity of educational technologies that require additional training.5.The English are, as often as not, labeled conservative. Obviously this label is prejudiced. In reality, Britain is not very different from other European countries in terms of national characteristics. The British are polite, neat, orderly and confident.6.Some young people grow up with a strong desire for independence. They would rather try hard to go through life on their own than turn to their parents for help with a sense of guilt.7.Your friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond accordingly and mustn抰 deceive him or talk about his setbacks with irony(ironically).8.The neighbors irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they made. However, because of reassurances that they would stop working at night, they went through with the decoration of this apartment.文章来源网络整理，请自行参考使用19