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Theuseof“It”,1.it作人称代词1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Ningboisabeautifulcity,isntit?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisnt.1.3.也可指抽象事物:Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat,2.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it：2.1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isntit?Itisabitwindy.2.2.指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.2.3.指环境:Itwasveryquietinthecaf.,2.4.指距离：Itishalfanhourswalktothecitycentre.,.引导词it1.Itis+被强调部分+that.,使用该句型有以下几点请注意：强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet,不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday,被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。ItistheywhoareourfriendsItwasnotuntiltenoclockthatwegothomelastnight,注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。Itiswasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)Itwastenoclockwhenwegothomelastnight我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)Itwasattenoclockthatwegothomelastnight我们昨晚是在十点到家的。,要点点拔,第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉itwas和that后，只能组成“Wegothometenoclocklastnight”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when,2.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是not.until.的强调形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.,3.it用作形式主语3.1代替主语从句1）Itis+adj.+that从句Itisclear(obvious，true，possiblecertain.)that.“清楚（显然，真的，肯定）”Itisveryclearthathesroundandtalllikeatree.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural.)that.that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.,2）.Itis+v-ed+that从句Itissaid(reported，learned.)that.据说（据报道，据悉）“。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.)that.主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,3）.Itisapity(ashame.)that.that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.,4).Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that.该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟常译为是（正是）的时侯Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.Itisthefirst(second.)timethat.“是第一（二）次”。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.,5).Ithappens(seems，looks，appears)that.该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧.Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来,3.2.作形式主语替代不定式1).Ittakessb.todosth.做要花费某人IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.2).Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，stupid，wisewrong等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.。Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.3).Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.常见的形容词有：important，necessary，naturaleasy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult,dangerous，等。在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.,Itisnogood(use)doingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是nogood，(notanygood)，nouse，(notanyuse)。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.ItsuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.,3.3.作形式主语替代ing形式,4.It作形式宾语.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.该句型中的it作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.,五、特殊句型1).Itis.since.。Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.2).Itis.when.。“当的时候，是”Itwas5oclockwhenhecamehere.,3).Itbe.before.该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long，notlong，3days，2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“之后”。Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.,4）.Itlooks(seems)asif.该句型中it无意义，asif引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifheisill.（真的病了）Itlooksasifhewereill.（没有生病）Itseemedasifheweredying,5）.Itdoesntmatterwhether(if).该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。Itdoesntmatteriftheyareold.,6）makeit及时赶到;成功;办成Youcanmakeitifyouhurry.Youneedntworry;hewillmakeit.,7）catchit被责骂;受处罚IfIcomehomelateIllcatchitfrommymother.Youllcatchitbecauseofyourcarelessness.,8）.It的一些习惯用法Howisitwithyourstudy?学习好吗？Thatsit.这就对了。Itwenthardwithhim.他身遇不幸。Itisalloverwithme.我完蛋了。Wemustfightitout.我们必须坚持到底。Icanthelpit.我没有办法。,Goodbye,
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