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动词不定式,一不定式的用法,做主语不定式做主语，往往用it做形式主语Itisimpossibletofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.Itisagoodhabittorevisewhatyouhavelearnt.,2.作表语,Themostimportantthingistoformagoodhabit.Hiswishistobecomeagooddoctor.,作宾语,英语中有许多动词都可以跟不定式作宾语，常见的有agree,choose,manage,offer,plan,hope,want,pretend,desire,intend,hesitate,refuseV+todo,4.作宾语补足语,V+sb.todosthE.g.forcesb.todo,expectsb.todo,causesb.todo*在下列感官动词和使役动词后不定式作宾语补足语时不带to:feel,hear,listento,make,let,have,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe.但这些句子变成被动结构，除let外都必须带to.,E.g.Ioftenhearthelittlebabycry.Thelittlebabyisoftenheardtocry.Wedontlethimjointheclub.Heisntletjointheclub.,*有些动词后的宾补结构常跟tobe,e.g.believe,consider,declare,deny,feel,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,thinkHeisconsideredtobethetopstudentinhisclass.Thistheoryprovestoberight.,hope,demand,suggest等词后不能接动词不定式作宾补，如需要进行表达的时候可以换其他词代替wish,require,advise,作定语,E.g.Doyouhavethechancetobesentabroad?YoushouldpayattentiontotherightwaytospeakEnglish.,*由序数词(thefirst,thesecond，顺序词(thelast,thenext)或形容词最高级修饰的名词常接不定式作定语,E.g.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.,*作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词,E.g.Thisisacomfortableroomtolivein.Youneedagoodpentowritewith.Theresnothingtoworryabout.,但有的时候如果不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省略Shanghaiisagoodplacetolive(in),6.作状语(主要作目的和结果),E.g.Hecameheretotellusthegoodnews.Heistooyoungtoknowthetruemeaningoflife.,*tooto结构表示否定，但在以下结构中不具有否定含义,某些形容词用在该结构中表示肯定，这些形容词常用的有:anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised,willingE.g.Iamtoogladtomeetyouhere.Heistoosurprisedtoseethatshedidsuchastupidthing.,2.在all,but,not,never,only,quite等后的“too.to”结构中，too的含义为very,不定式没有否定含义,Itsnevertoolatetolearn.Iamonlytoogladtohelp.,7.作独立成分,Totellthetruth,Icanfinishtheworkinadvance.,tobefrank坦白地说tobeexact确切地说tobesure当然，肯定tobeginwith首先tosaytheleast说地轻些needlesstosay不用说tosaynothingof更不用说tomakealongstoryshort长话短说,二.不定式的时态语态变化,不定式的时态,不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后hearhimknockthedoor.Ihopetomeetyouattomorrowsparty.,2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，要用不定式的进行式,E.G.Theyseemedtobehavingameeting.HepretendedtobesleepingwhenIcamein.,3.不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式,CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthefirstcomputer.Iseemedtohavemetthemsomewherebefore,butIcantrememberit.,*未完成的愿望：be,expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wish,用动词的过去时加不定式完成式E.g.Iwastohavemethimatthestation,butIwasntfree.Iintendedtohavehelpedyou,butIdontknowhowtogetintouchwithyou.,动词的过去完成式加不定式的一般式(虚拟),hadintendedtohelpyou,butIdidntknowhowtogetintouchwithyou.Ihadplannedtodomoreresearch,butIwasntfree.,不定式的语态,E.g.Shewasgladtohavebeengivenachancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.Thebabyneedstobetakengoodcareof.,*动词不定式的主动表示被动,当动词不定式和句子主语有逻辑上的主谓关系和句子的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，常用主动表示被动Ihavenothingtodo.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(who-do,do-what),2.不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，常用主动表示被动,eisdifficulttodealwith.Theproblemiseasytosolve.,Ihavesomewords_(say)-Doyouhaveanywords_(pass)toyourparents?-No.Sheishard_to.(talk)Sheisglad_(invite)totheparty.,3.在therebe结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式,Thereisalotofworktodo.(Somebodyhastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.),动词不定式的补充要点：,1.不定式在介词but,except,besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to否则要带toIcoulddonothingbutwaitforhisreply.Ihavenochoicebuttowaitforhisreply.有do无to，有to无do,2.Its+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.,品质形容词：brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,wise,wrong,+ofsb.to,
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