《词汇结构北医》PPT课件.ppt

词汇结构,zhu,以统考英语的考点为纲来了解英语的语法,词义,此部分主要考查形近词和义近词的用法，解题技巧和关键在于抓住其词义的不同之处。这就要求考生平常在识记单词的时候要弄清词汇的意思，知其一，还要知其二。,1.Therehavebeenmany_intheirmarriagebuttheystillloveeachother.（2010年4月）A.rightandwrongB.backandforthC.upsanddownsD.rightandleft,Ifyouhaveupsanddowns,youexperienceamixtureofgoodthingsandbadthings.浮沉，起伏，盛衰,Ifsomeoneorsomethingmovesbackandforth,theymovefirstinonedirectionandthenintheoppositedirection.来回，往复,2.ItwaswellknownthatThomasEdison_theelectriclamp.（2009年12月）inventedB.discoveredC.foundD.developed,Invent-createordesignsomethingthathasnotexistedbeforeDiscover-findunexpectedlyFind-discoverbychanceDevelop-growandbecomemoremature,advanced,3.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Soplease_.（2010年4月）A.giveitupB.giveitinC.giveitoutD.giveitaway,Ifyougiveupsomething,youstopdoingitorbelievinginit.,Ifyougivein,youadmitthatyouaredefeatedorthatyoucannotdosomething.,Ifyougiveoutanumberofthings,youdistributethemtoanumberofdifferentpeople.,Ifyougivesomethingaway,yougiveittosomeone.,4.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_.（2010年4月）energyB.sourceC.powerD.material,Energy-能源Source-水源Power-能量，力量Material-原料，物资,词性,英语单词词性主要包括名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、叹词等。,1.Thisis_filmIhaveeverseen.（2010年4月）A.awonderfulB.themostwonderfulC.wonderfulD.mostwonderful,形容词最高级前面需要加the,2.Ipaid_forthenewbook.（2010年4月）A.halfpoundB.onepoundandhalfC.oneandahalfpoundsD.oneandhalfapound,名词单复数：大于1都是复数形式出现,一些特殊情况：potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,belief-beliefs,roof-roofs，gulf-gulfs，child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice,man-men,woman-women，goose-geese，fish-fish，sheep-sheep，cattle-cattle，deer-deer。,3.Hecouldntbuythedictionarybecausehehad_moneywithhim.（2009年12月）afewB.fewC.alittleD.little,4.Theoldmanlives_.Healwaysfeels_.（2010年4月）A.lonely,lonelyB.alone,aloneC.lonely,aloneD.alone,lonely,Alone-一个人Lonely-孤单,5.Heisanoldfriendof_.（2009年12月）myB.mineC.meD.myself,非谓语动词,非谓语动词是指不能直接做谓语的动词。主要包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。,动词不定式：todo动名词：doing现在分词：doing过去分词：done,常跟不定式的动词有：ask，decide，determine，manage，fail，refuse，seem，tend，attempt，choose，demand，hesitate，help，expect，hope，learn，prepare，pretend，want，wish，aim，afford，agree，appear，plan，arrange，offer，proveallow，forbid，persuade，remind，request，require，advise,常跟动名词的动词有：avoid，finish，mind，miss，practice，risk，prevent，suggest，enjoy，feellike，delay，consider，admit，appreciate，dislike，postpone，imagine，deny，canthelp，keep，resist,1.Thephysicsexamisnotdifficult,isit?_.EvenHarry_tothetopstudentsfailedinit.（2010年4月）Yes;belongsB.No;belongedC.Yes;belongingD.No;belonging,现在分词短语做定语,反义疑问句的回答,2.Therewassomuchnoiseintheclassroomthattheteachercouldntmakehimself_.（2009年12月）heardB.hearingC.tohearD.hear,Makesomething/somebodydone,3.Ihavebeenlookingforwardto_frommyparents.（2009年12月）hearB.beingheardC.beheardD.hearing,LookforwardtodoingsomethingHearfromsomebody,4.Wouldyoulet_totheparkwithmyclassmate,Mum?（2010年4月）megoB.megoingC.IgoD.Igoing,Letsomebodydosomething,5.AftertheMinisterofEducationhadfinishedspeakingatthepressconference,hewasmade_allsortsofawkwardquestions.（2010年4月）answerB.answeringC.answeredD.toanswer,MakesomebodydosomethingSomebodyismadetodosomething,时态,一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时，现在进行时、现在完成时，过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时,1.Theyoung_eatenupalmosteverythingonthetable.（2010年4月）isB.areC.hasD.have,现在完成时：have/has+done,2.Itshightimethathesettleddowninthecountryand_anewlife.（2010年4月）A.startB.startedC.startingD.tostart,And连接的两个动词的时态和形式都要保持一致,3.Hi,Jane.Wouldyouliketogototheballthisevening?Sorry,Frank._tomorrowslessons,Ihavenotimetogooutwithyou.（2009年12月）NotpreparingB.NothavingpreparedC.NottoprepareD.Beingnotprepared,非谓语动词的完成时,4._tomorrowslessons,Frankhasnotimetogooutwithhisfriends.（2009年12月）NotpreparingB.NothavingpreparedC.NottoprepareD.Beingnotprepared,非谓语动词的完成时,(not)Havingdone,5.Nancywasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentyesterdayandshewassenttohospital.Oh,really?I_.I_visither.（2010年4月）A.didntknow;willgotoB.dontknow;willgotoC.didntknow;amgoingtoD.haventknown;amgoingto,一般过去时和表示意愿的一般将来时态,Begoingto表示计划Will表示意愿,语态,英语语态包括主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语能执行谓语动词的动作，被动语态表示主语不能执行谓语动词的动作，是谓语动词的逻辑宾语，主语是谓语动词的承受者。,1.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_thedesert.（2009年12月）coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover,非谓语动词中现在分词体现主动语态，过去分词体现被动语态,2.Whydoeshelooksad?Therearesomanyproblems_.（2010年4月）A.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettlingC.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled,被动语态：Bedone动词不定式：todo动词不定式的被动语态：tobedone,3.Takethismedicinetwiceaday,Peter?DoIhavetotakeit?It_soterrible.（2010年4月）istastingB.istastedC.tastesD.hastasted,系动词+形容词look,sound,smell,taste,feel,4._hisexaminationofthepatient,thedoctorwroteoutaprescription.（2009年12月）HavingfinishedB.FinishingC.FinishedD.Havingbeen,非谓语动词的完成时,5.Asuddennoiseofafire-enginemadehim_tothedoor.（2010年4月）hurryingB.hurriedC.hurryD.tohurry,MakesomebodydosomethingHavesomebodydosomethingLetsomebodydosomethingAsksomebodytodosomething,主谓一致,主谓一致主要是指主语和谓语要在人称与数上保持一致,1就近原则。当作主语的名词和代词由or，eitheror，neithernor，notonlybutalso连接时，谓语动词采取就近原则，要和最接近谓语的名词和代词在人称与数上保持一致。,2当主语后有with，aswellas，alongwith，togetherwith，besides，inadditionto，accompaniedby，ratherthan，but，except等词汇时，谓语动词要和这些词前的主语保持一致。,3.其他情况：（1）当主语由and连接，但表示同一人、同一物或单一概念时。谓语动词要用单数形式。当and连接的两个单数名词由each，every，manya和no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。当不定代词each，everyone，noone，either，neither，another，somebody，nothing，nobody，anything，everybody作主语时，谓语动词用单数。当none做主语或修饰的名词、代词作主语时，若是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，若是可数名词，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。,1.Theyoung_interestedinpopmusic.（2010年4月）isB.haveC.hasD.are2.Iwillcountthreehundredandnotoneofyou_moveabit.（2010年4月）istoB.aretoC.isD.are3.Twothousanddollars_enoughforthecar.（2009年12月）beingB.wereC.areD.is4.Boththekidsandtheirparents_English,Ithink.Iknowitfromtheiraccent.（2010年4月）A.isB.beenC.areD.was,从句,定语从句状语从句名词性从句,1.Childrenunderfifteenarenotpermittedtoseesuchkindofmovies_badfortheirmentaldevelopment.（2010年4月）A.thatisB.thatareC.asisD.asare2.Didyounoticetheguy_headlikeabigpotato?（2009年12月）A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.Whom,3.Weallthought_pitythatyouwereunabletocometoourmeeting.（2009年12月）A.thatB.whichC.thisD.it4.Youobject_,dontyou?（2010年4月）A.thattheycomeB.thattheycameC.totheircomeD.totheircoming5.Peopleatthepartyworriedabouthim,becausenoonewasaware_hehadgone.（2010年4月）A.ofwhereB.oftheplacewhereC.whereD.theplace,倒装句和强调句,倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装。当表示地点、方向和时间的副词或介词如here，there，up，down，out，away，now，then，thus等放在句首，主语为名词时，通常用全部倒装。当具有否定意义的词或词组如never，hardly，seldom，bynomeans，undernocircumstances等词放在句首时需部分倒装。,强调句通常指Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他句子成分。当强调部分为人、物或人与物时，that均可用，只有等强调部分为人时，可用who。,1.Hardly_onstage_theaudiencestartedcheering.（2010年4月）hehadcome;thanB.hehadcome;whenC.hadhecome;whenD.hadhecome;than2.Iwassatisfiedwithherexplanation,_.（2009年12月）A.somyclassmateswereB.soweremyclassmatesC.somyclassmatesdidD.sodidmyclassmates3.Nomatter_,thelittlesistersmanagedtoroundthesheepupanddrivethembackhomesafely.（2010年4月）A.itwassnowinghardB.harditwassnowingC.howitwassnowinghardD.howharditwassnowing4.Neverbefore_seesuchaterriblecaraccidentontheroad!（2009年12月）A.IhaveB.haveIC.IdidD.didI,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用来表达与事实相反的假设或说话人的主观愿望。此部分只需记忆三种类型：一般情况、should+动词原形、特殊情况。,一般情况（1）表示与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去时（be用were），主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might+动词原形；（2）表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用had+过去分词，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词；（3）与将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去时或should+动词原形，主句谓语动词用wereto+动词原形或would/should/could+动词原形。,2.should+动词原形（1）当主句中出现ask，request，demand，require，advise，suggest（建议），recommend，propose,urge，order，plan，prefer，maintain,ensure,insist（坚决要求），desire，agree、decide等以及它们的名词或形容词出现在主句中时，从句谓语动词一般用should+动词原形，should可省略。（2）当Itis/was+形容词+that从句结构中出现如important，necessary，natural，essential，urgent，vital，possible，probable，strange，better等形容词时，从句中的谓语动词一般用should+动词原形，should可省略。（3）当主句中出现如pity，idea，motion，shame，nowonder等名词时，从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略。,3.特殊情况（1）在asif和asthough引导的从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。主句若为一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；如主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时态；等等。（2）Itis/washigh/about/better/goodtime+that从句中，从句中谓语动词通常用一般过去式。（3）Ifonly引导的从句中，谓语动词用一般用过去完成式时表示过去的情况，用过去式表示现在的情况，用would/could+动词原形表示将来的情况。（4）在lest，forfearthat，incase引导的从句中，谓语动词一般用should+动词原形，should不可省略。（5）当主句中出现wouldrather时，从句谓语动词一般用过去完成式表示过去，用过去式表示现在或将来。,1.Ifyou_yourwork,youcangotherefirst.（2010年4月）A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishingD.havefinished2.Theoldladyisquarrellingasifshe_mad.（2010年4月）A.wasB.isC.areD.were3.Eachpersonatthereunionwasrequiredtotalktootherrelativestofindoutiftheywouldbuyoneofthehistories_itwereprinted.（2009年12月）A.whetherB.ifC.whenD.after4.Iwisheverybody_themeetingtomorrow.（2010年4月）A.willattendB.wouldattendC.hadattendedD.isgoingtoattend,高频题目选讲,1、Professor,wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Icant_you.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdonto,答案.A,2、_thesehonourshereceivedasumofmoney.ExceptB.ButC.BesidesD.Outside,答案.C,4、Thereslotsoffruit_thetreeOurlittlecatisalso_thetree.in；inB.on；onC.in；onD.on；in,答案.D,5、-_Iputmycoathere?-Sorry,you_.May;mustntB.Do;dontC.can;needntD.May;cant,答案.D,6、Onaverage,asuccessfullawyerhastotalktoseveral_aday.customersB.supportersC.guestsD.clients,答案.D,7、Tom,whatdidyoudowithmydocuments?Ihaveneverseensucha_anddisorder!massB.messC.guessD.bus,答案.B,8、Manypeoplewatchedtheboys_themountainatthattime.climbB.climbingC.toclimbD.climbed,答案.B,9、On_sideofthestreettherearesometrees.bothB.eitherC.everyD.all,答案.B,10、Neverbefore_seesuchaterriblecaraccidentontheroad!IhaveB.haveIC.IdidD.didI,答案.D,12、-Itsagoodidea.Butwhosgoingto_theplan?-IthinkJohnandPeterwill.carryoutB.getthroughC.takeinD.setaside,答案.A,11、ThestudentswereallentertainedinaMexicanrestaurant,atProfessorBrians_.moneyB.payC.expenseD.loss,答案.C,13、Thecomputersystem_suddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.brokedownB.brokeoutC.brokeupD.brokein,答案.A,14、Asuddennoiseofafire-enginemadehim_tothedoor.hurryingB.hurriedC.hurryD.tohurry,答案.C,15、Boththekidsandtheirparents_English,Ithink.Iknowitfromtheiraccent.isB.beenC.areD.was,答案.C,16、Themanagerwillnot_ustousehiscar.haveB.letC.agreeD.allow,答案.D,17、_theWarofIndependence,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.BeforeB.AtC.InD.Between,答案.A,18、_herandthentrytocopywhatshedoes.MindB.SeeC.StareatD.Watch,答案.D,19、WhileIwasintheuniversity,Ilearnedtakingaphoto,_isveryusefulnowforme.itB.whichC.thatD.what,答案.B,20、Nomatter_,thelittlesistersmanagedtoroundthesheepupanddrivethembackhomesafely.itwassnowinghardB.harditwassnowingC.howitwassnowinghardD.howharditwassnowing,答案.D,21、Apoliceofficerclaimedhehadattemptedto_payinghisfare.avoidB.rejectC.refuseD.neglect,答案.A,22、How_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?canB.mustC.needD.may,答案.A,23、Thechildren_playwiththem.wantthatIB.wantmeforC.wantmetoD.arewantingthat,答案.C,24、JamesWatt_thesteamengine.wasinventingB.inventedC.hadinventedD.hasinvented,答案.B,25、Alongtimeago,I_inLondonforthreeyears.hadlivedB.havelivedC.livedD.havebeenliving,答案.C,26、She_100pagesofthebooktoday.hasalreadyreadB.alreadyreadsC.alreadyreadD.wasalreadyread,答案.A,27、Yesterdaywas_daythatwedecidedtogoswimming.suchbeautifulB.sobeautifulC.suchabeautifulD.asobeautiful,答案.C,28、Atthattime,she_onajourneywithherfriend.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.isbeing,答案.B,29、Wearenext-door_.neighborhoodsB.neighborC.neighborhoodD.neighbors,答案.D,30、Hehelpedme_myhomework.withB.toC.aboutD.of,答案.A,31、He_tomelastweek.iswritingB.writesC.wroteD.iswritten,答案.C,32、Wegotothecinema_aweek.oftenB.onceC.seldomD.usually,答案.B,33、Itwasagreatpleasure_metobeinvitedtotheparty.forB.onC.toD.of,答案.A,34、Heisnotachild_.nomoreB.nolongerC.anymuchD.anymore,答案.D,35、Doyouknow_inEnglish?howsayitB.howtosayitC.howsayingitD.howtosayingit,答案.B,36、Dontlaugh_peoplewhentheyare_trouble.in.atB.at.atC.atinD.onin,答案.C,37、Hiswordsare_butthemeaningisdeep.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle,答案.A,38、He_medothework.givesB.helpsC.mindsD.cares,答案.B,39、IfwecouldlearnEnglishinthesame_,itwouldnotseemsodifficult.roadB.wayC.theoryD.means,答案.B,40、Heaskedthewaiter_thebill.onB.ofC.forD.after,答案.C,41、Sheisnotonlymyclassmate_alsomygoodfriend.orB.butC.andD.too,答案.B,42、There_abookandsomemagazinesonthedesk.isB.areC.haveD.has,答案.A,43、Its_thathewaswrong.clearlyB.clarityC.clearD.clearing,答案.C,44、Nancyisconsideredtobe_theotherstudentsinherclass.lessintelligentB.themostintelligentC.intelligentaswellD.asintelligentas,答案.D,45、Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehaveno_buttotakeataxi.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection,答案.B,46、ThetopoftheGreatWallis_forfivehorsestogosidebyside.wideB.sowideC.wideenoughD.enoughwide,答案.C,