《短文改错讲座》PPT课件.ppt

短文改错,文中共有10处语言错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。,一、短文改错设疑方式,此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：1)如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个（）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：,2)此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用写线划掉。(多一词）3)此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/），在该行右边的横线上写出该加的词。（缺一词）4)词行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。（错一词）,语法方面行文逻辑方面人物的性别及相应的指代代词或物的数量及相应的指代代词的一致，句子的并列、递进、转折、因果关系等的相应关联词；时间的先后顺序等.,高考短文改错题目考查点：,二、短文改错主要特点,短文难度符合学生水平；短文改错的得分年年有保障；短文改错的试题难度年年在提高；短文改错的语篇意识年年在强化；,20052010年高考英语短文改错设疑方式,做短文改错可分三步走,第一步：浏览全文，理解大意。短文改错要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位，读到句号为止。要注意行首与行尾之间的关系，上下文之间的逻辑关系。第二步：先易后难，各个击破。在第一次阅读时，找出明显的错误。一些逻辑错误必须联系上下文才能发现，待对全文有了更进一步的了解之后，回头再做一遍，就会迅速找到错误所在。,第三步：还原检查，查漏补缺。把改过后的词语放入短文中，再从头到尾看一遍，从语法、语义和逻辑关系等方面检查验证。掌握了这些解题技巧后，改错能力一定会明显提高。此外，一定要特别注意符号的准确性。,短文改错解题策略：1.通读短文明确中心主题，整体把握时间、地点、人物、事件和行文逻辑2.看标点确定句子头尾，明确句子特点（简单句、并列句、复合句、特别句式）;抓关键谓语动词看主语明确主谓关系，确保主谓人称、语态、时态一致。3.划分意群，明确成分，化整为零，各个击破。4.联系考点，依据原则，运用知识，分析解决。6.通览检查，纠错补漏，确定结果,短文改错中常出现的错误,名词动词形容词副词介词冠词连词数词代词句子结构常用固定短语或固定用法,动词形名词数还要注意形和副介词短语需关注习惯用法要记住冠词连词长光顾,考点应对策略归纳：,1.抓主语，看谓语，主谓关系要统一（语态、一致和时态，语气,形式需考虑）,1）AnEnglishladywasfinallydecidedthatshereallyshouldlearntodrive.,2）Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.3）Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.4)Ofcourse,whenmymotherwasasked,“Haveyou”5)Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.6)CharlesandLindawereseeingnearthetopofthebuilding.,kept,are,read,seen,2.名词性质要关注，可数与否须清楚。名词具有受限性，限制(特指、确指和泛指）、修饰要重视。,1)KatecovereditwithalotofChristmaslight.,2)sothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.3)Goodhealthispersonsmostvaluablepossession.4)Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.,5)Westoppedtorestforawhileandtodrinksomewatersfromastream.6)Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.WehavebeentoEuropemanytime.7)Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.8)Ihopethatyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimessoon.,a,water,times,libraries,time,3.代词出现不起眼，指代不明生疑点，验名正身别怕烦，确保一致心里安。,1)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?”,2)Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.,3)Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.4)IlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedme.5)Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.,they,myself,their,we,4.英汉词性易混乱，形、副、名、介较常见，成分关系是关键。形作定表，副作状，名词功能莫要忘。,1.Hecamebacklatelylastnight.2.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.3.Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework.4.Charlessaid,“AssoonasIseearealtallbuilding,Iwanttoclimbit.5.Hepracticedhardandpastthedriving-test.6.Imsurewellhaveawonderfullytime.7.Unfortunate，therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.8.Thebeautifulofthelakeattractsusalot.,late,quiet,angrily,really,passed,wonderful,Unfortunately,beauty,5.连接词语需检验，逻辑关系前后辨。,1.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.2.ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.3.ItisaveryimportantexambutIcantaffordtofailit.4.Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.5.ThemarketatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasgivenwaytoasupermarket.Besidesthebookstorenexttoourmiddleschoolisstillthere.6.Itstartedtorisehigheragain.Soitwasstilltooclosetothewater.7.Idliketostaythereforhalfamonth,visitingplacesofinterestorpracticingmyEnglishaswell.,but,and,and,and,But,But,and,6.介词多少也要看，搭配错误较常见。,1.Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.2.Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.3.AtChristmasEve,JimwentwithhisfathertochooseaChristmastree.4.Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,Ifindthat5.AsyouareverypopularwithusChinesehighschoolstudents,wedliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.6.,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.7.sothatwecanhelpeachotheronthecoursework.,of,for,On,from,with,with,7.非谓语动词是考点，见面验证别嫌烦。,1.Myparentslovemeandwilldoalltheycanmakesure2.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.3.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.4.Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.5.Lookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.6.Ihaveoftendreamedoftalkfacetofacewithyou.7.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso,to,visited,talking,become,hearing,talking,Playing,1.Asaresult,peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.2.Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacher.3.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.4.Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.5.IthinkIdemailyouandletyouknowwhatthingsaregoing.6.IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina.7.Itwasturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshedleftontheshelfbymistake.,8.固定搭配看清楚，习惯用法要关注。句式特点整体看，引导词语是关键。,a,why,how,which,which,短文改错特别注意的几个问题类型,一、一致性问题二、词意重叠三、逻辑关系,1.主谓一致,1）Whatareyourfavouritesport?2）Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.,2.时态一致,1）Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome2）TheyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinksWehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughing,3.名词的单复数一致,1）andaskedmelotsofquestion2）Westudyquiteafewsubject，suchasmaths，3）Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess，,4.代词的性、数一致,1）TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeel2）Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegames,5.语意一致,1）Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关系。,二、词意的重叠（1）,1)WheneverIseethemIoftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher,逻辑关系,（1）Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.,短文改错中常出现的错误,名词动词形容词副词介词冠词连词数词代词句子结构常用固定短语或固定用法,1.名词:单复数用错；可数不可数混用。,（1）Heagreedtoandgivemeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.85(NMET2010)（2）Idliketothereforhalfanhour,visitingplaceofinterest80(NMET2008)（3）Ilookedathisotherhands83(NMET2007),2.动词：时态和语态变化,（1）Heagreedtoreadingmystoryand84(NMET2010)（2）Idliketostayingthereforhalfanhour,visiting80(NMET2008)（3)wewalked.thenIaskhim,grandpa，howcome78(NMET2007),3.形容词副词：混用,（1）gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasaverymuchfamouswriter.83(NMET2010)（2）Unfortunate，therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily（3）Iwasonlyabout6thatheheldmyhandouttome.78(NMET2007),4.介词：多余，缺失和错用,（1)Iimagineyoullatvocationyourselfbythattime.84(NMET2008)(2)Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife.82(NMET2007),5.冠词:定冠词和不定冠词的互改；确实和增加。,1)therewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse.82(NMET2008)Becausetherearemorehonorsandjoysinmylife.85(NMET2007),6.数词:基数词和序数词的混用和错用,主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如几百hundredsof，几千thousandsof漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如sevenhundred，写作sevenhundreds。,7.连词:不合句中的逻辑关系,Iamtryingtoimprovethesituationsinceitdoesntseemtowork.,8.代词：格与数的的错用。,（1）IalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.（2）IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.,9.常用固定短语或固定用法:用错。,（1）Beforemyclassmates,itseemsalwaysdifficultformetodothingswellasthem.（2）Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters-inanyotherwords,Imanonlychild.（3）Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.,10.句子结构:不完整；成分有冗缺；词性与功能不对等；关系词引导词不得当。,（1）TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.（2）IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.（3）Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso,应注意的细节,1注意联系上下文。2注意破行句。3注意是否虚拟。4注意是否是真理。5注意是否时间、空间变换。6.注意拼写正确,7发散性思维，注意一词多义，一词多性。8先易后难。一般来说，行文逻辑比语法错误更隐蔽，不会的要放到最后考虑。9注意标记的准确性（左右各给0.5分）10以句子为单位而不是以行为单位进行判断。,DearMsSmith,IamsecretaryoftheCityStudentUnion(CSU).Wewereorganizinganartexhibitionforhighschoolstudentsincity.Thiswillbeheldonthe9thofJulyintheExhibitionHallofBeihai.Morethan1000paintingwillbeonshow,buthighschoolstudentsandteachersfromalltheeightdistrictswillcometotheevent.AsyouareverypopularlywithusChinesehighschoolstudents,wedliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.Wewouldbegratefulwhenyoucouldjointhemthatday.Lookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.Yours,LiMing,are,the,It,paintings,and,popular,if,us,hearing,策略试练：,MostfamiliesinChinahopedtheirsinglechildrenwillhaveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.Sodoteachersinschools!Manychildrenaregivensomuchhomeworkthattheyhavehardlyanysparetimehavesports.Thechildrenareforbiddentodoanythingbuttostudy.Nowondersomanychildrenaretiredoflessons.Someevenattackorkillhisparentsandteachers!Ibelievemanypeoplealreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines.Shouldntwedrawlessonfromtheaccidents?Nowourgovernmentiscarryoutaplantosolvetheeducationproblems.,hope,with,are,to,their,have,a,carrying,(09)DearMrsWinthorp,Somyfirstweekatcollegeisover!NolecturesthismorningsoIthinkIdemailyouandletyouknowwhatthingsaregoing.Imgladtosaythatanythinghasworkedoutfineinthedorm.Irememberaskingforaroomasfarawayfromtheliftsaspossibleandtheyfindmeacomfortableoneonsecondfloor.TherearetwogirlsfrommycoursehereandIplantomakefriendwiththemsothatwecanhelpeachotheronthecoursework.Everyoneelseseemsveryniceandwarmlyhere.Well,Ihadbettertostopnow.Imgoingtoattendminefirstlessonthisafternoon,forIvegotsomepreparationtomake,Keepintouch.Best,Carol,how,everything,found,the,friends,with,warm,my,so,（10改错）Mysistersawalovelycupwhenweareshoppingtheotherday.Shelikeditatonce.Thenshebentdownandpickeduptolookatapriceonit.Asshedidthis,lotsofteasplashedonhisT-shirt!Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface!Mysisterwantedgetoutoftheshopasfastasshecouldwhenashopassistantcameovertous.Itwasturnedouttobeherowncup,thatshedleftontheshelfbymistake.Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,forIjustthoughtitwasfunny!,were,it,the,her,hard,to,which,embarrassed,but/yet/while,07、08、09、10短文改错考点对比,1、时态07listen改为listened08were改为are（09）find改为found（10）are改为were2、介词07in改为to属于固定搭配:inviteto08invite后的介词for是多余的，应该去掉(09)on改为with属于固定搭配：helpsb.With(10)want后加to属于动词不定式小品词缺失3、代词07将主格I改为宾格me08将them改为us08将this改为it(09)anything改为everything(09)mine改为my（10）pickup之间少it，his改为her，that改为which(非限定性定语从句）4、名词单复数07将week改为weeks08将painting改为paintings(09)将friend改为friends（10）无5、副词改为形容词07将beautifully改为beautiful08将popularly改为popular(09)将warmly改为warm（10）hardly改为hard,6、连词07将but改为and08将but改为and(09)将for改为so(10)for改为but/yet/while/and7、非谓语动词07在动词see之前加to08将动词hear改为hearing(09)Ihadbettertostopnow去掉to(10)embarrassing改为embarrassed8、限定词07friend后加08city前加the(09)在secondfloor前加the(10)A改为the9、动词形式07将see改为seen(10)Itwasturnedout取掉was10、从属连词08将when改为if(09)what改为how【分析】（1）考查项目涉及动词，介词，代词，名词，冠词形容词，副词，连词。（2）主要想考查中国学生容易出错的地方：词性和词形的屈折变化、冠词、介词、连词、代词等。,