中考英语补全阅读理解.ppt

2012中考补全阅读理解,补全中考阅读理解技巧歌诀：补全阅读并不难，七种关系记心间，认真联系上下文，把握全局谋好篇。补全阅读也是中考中常见的题型，它着重考察学生的分析理解和布局谋篇能力。“补全阅读”让学生所填的句子通常是主题句，总结句，或承上启下的过渡句。阅读做题时考生务必通读全文，分析文章结构，把握句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，才能正确答题。阅读时尤其注意下列七种关系。,1.并列关系：指句子与句子之间是平等地位，两个句子有and,but,or等并列连词组合在一起，共同说名一个问题。2.先后关系：指各个句子之间是按照事物发展的先后顺序或固定的操作程序来排列，表示先后关系的词有first,then,before,after,when,while,assoonas等。3.递进关系：表示下一句比上一句在意义上更进一步，它表示认识上由浅入深或由轻到重。常见的表示递进的有first,second,third及besides,also,inaddition,whatsmore,notonly-butalso等。4.转折关系：指句子与句子之间存在着意义的转折。按照这种关系组织起来的句群通常表示“对比”“对照”的意思。常见的表转折的词语有but,however,yet,while等。,5.总结关系：指前边的句子陈述两个或两个以上的情况，后边的句子紧接着对他们加以总结说明。用这种方式组织起来的句子能够前后呼应，条理清晰。常见的表总结关系的词语有inconclusion,asaresult,tosummarize,inshort,inaword等。6.解释关系：指后面的句子对前边的句子的解释，引申，例证，是意义更加明确，具体。常见的表示解释道词语有inotherwords,thatistosay,namely,Imean等。7.因果关系：简单说来，因果关系就是原因与结果。按照因果关系组成的段落有两种排列方式：一种是从因到果，另一种是从果到因。表示因果关系的词语有because,since,for,thus,sothat,forthisreason,so,asaresult等。,IssacNewtonwasbornin1642onChristmasDay.Hewassosmallwhenhewasbornthathismothersaidshecouldputhimintoalargebowl.Issacdidnthavegoodhealthwhenhewasababy._1_.Asachild,Issacdidntlikeplayingwithfriendsathisownage.Hereadalotandinventedsmalltoysforhimself.Whenhestartedschool,hewaslazyandseldomlistenedtotheteachers.Oneday,aboyinhisclasscalledhimstupidandhadafightwithhim,_2_.Hestudiedhardandinashorttime,hewasthetopstudentinhisschool.Afterleavingschool,IssacwenttotheUniversityofCambridge._3_.Heusedhistoolstostudyhowplanetsmoved.Aftersometime,hebegantounderstandwhytheymovedinparticularways.Hekepthisideatohimselfbecausehewasveryshy._4_.Intheyearafterthat,hemademanyscientificdiscoveriesandbecameoneofthemostscientistsinEngland.In1705,hereceivedaspecialtitlefromtheQueenofEngland.,本文的主旨大意：本文主要描写了“英国物理学家牛顿的成长经历”。A.Issacreceivedhisuniversitydegreein1665.B.Heliketoplaybasketballwhenhewasyoung.C.ThenIssacdecidedthathewouldgetbettermarksthanthisboy.D.There,hespentalotoftimereadingandmakingscientifictools.E.However,hegrewupintooneofthemostfamousscientiststheworldhasknown.,IssacNewtonwasbornin1642onChristmasDay.Hewassosmallwhenhewasbornthathismothersaidshecouldputhimintoalargebowl.Issacdidnthavegoodhealthwhenhewasababy._1_.根据Issacdidnthavegoodhealthwhenhewasababy.牛顿出生后身体不好,前后句意发生转折,为转折关系。A.Issacreceivedhisuniversitydegreein1665.B.Heliketoplaybasketballwhenhewasyoung.C.ThenIssacdecidedthathewouldgetbettermarksthanthisboy.D.There,hespentalotoftimereadingandmakingscientifictools.E.However,hegrewupintooneofthemostfamousscientiststheworldhasknown.,Asachild,Issacdidntlikeplayingwithfriendsathiaownage.Hereadalotandinventedsmalltoysforhimself.Whenhestartedschool,hewaslazyandseldomlistenedtotheteachers.Oneday,aboyinhisclasscalledhimstupidandhadafightwithhim,_2_.Hestudiedhardandinashorttime,hewasthetopstudentinhisschool.A.Issacreceivedhisuniversitydegreein1665.B.Heliketoplaybasketballwhenhewasyoung.C.ThenIssacdecidedthathewouldgetbettermarksthanthisboy.D.There,hespentalotoftimereadingandmakingscientifictools.E.However,hegrewupintooneofthemostfamousscientiststheworldhasknown.根据Oneday,aboyinhisclasscalledhimstupidandhadafightwithhim,可知后句和前句的关系为因果关系，故选C。,Afterleavingschool,IssacwenttotheUniversityofCambridge._3_.Heusedhistoolstostudyhowplantsmoved.Aftersometime,hebegantounderstandwhytheymovedinparticularways.Hekepthisideatohimselfbecausehewasveryshy.A.Issacreceivedhisuniversitydegreein1665.B.Heliketoplaybasketballwhenhewasyoung.C.ThenIssacdecidedthathewouldgetbettermarksthanthisboy.D.There,hespentalotoftimereadingandmakingscientifictools.E.However,hegrewupintooneofthemostfamousscientiststheworldhasknown.根据前句中theUniversityofCambridge.和后句中Heusedhistools可知前后句子为先后顺序。D项中的there就意指theUniversityofCambridge.,_4_.Intheyearafterthat,hemademanyscientificdiscoveriesandbecameoneofthemostscientistsinEngland.In1705,hereceivedaspecialtitlefromtheQueenofEngland.A.Issacreceivedhisuniversitydegreein1665.B.Heliketoplaybasketballwhenhewasyoung.C.ThenIssacdecidedthathewouldgetbettermarksthanthisboy.D.There,hespentalotoftimereadingandmakingscientifictools.E.However,hegrewupintooneofthemostfamousscientiststheworldhasknown.根据后句Intheyearafterthat,我们可知前后句子之间为先后的时间顺序。故A为正确答案。,Wheneverthesundroppedandtheblueskycameup,myfatherandIusedtoclimbthemountainnearmyhouse.Walkingtogether,myfatherandIusedtohavealotofconversationsthroughwhichIlearnedlessonsfromhisexperiences.Healwaystoldme,_1_.Ireallygotalotfrommountain-climbing.Itgivemetimetotalkwithmyfatherandtobeindeepthoughtaswellasdevelopmypatience.Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain._2_.Duringthefirstfewhoursofclimbing,Ienjoyedtheflowersandtrees,andthebirdssinging,butastimepassed,Igotapaininbothofmylegs.Iwantedtogiveupclimbing.Infact,Ihateditatthemoment,butmyfathersaidtome,Youcanalwaysseeabeautifulskyatthetopofthemountain,butyoucantseebeforeyoureachthetop._3_.Atthattime,Iwastooyoungtounderstandthiswords._4_.,A.Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence.B.ItwssochallengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.C.Onlythereatthetop,canyouseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.D.Climbingmountainswashardforme.E.Youshouldhavegoalslikeclimbingthemountains.,Wheneverthesundroppedandtheblueskycameup,myfatherandIusedtoclimbthemountainnearmyhouse.Walkingtogether,myfatherandIusedtohavealotofconversationsthroughwhichIlearnedlessonsfromhisexperiences.Healwaystoldme,_1_.Ireallygotalotfrommountain-climbing.Itgivemetimetotalkwithmyfatherandtobeindeepthoughtaswellasdevelopmypatience.Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence.B.ItwssochallengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.C.Onlythereatthetop,canyouseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.D.Climbingmountainswashardforme.E.Youshouldhavegoalslikeclimbingthmountains.,1.Healwaystoldme后面是直接引语，人称应用you,前后句子的主语存在逻辑关系。,Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain._2_.Duringthefirstfewhoursofclimbing,Ienjoyedtheflowersandtrees,andthebirdssinging,butastimepassed,Igotapaininbothofmylegs.Iwantedtogiveupclimbing.Infact,Ihateditatthemoment,A.Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence.B.ItwssochallengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.C.Onlythereatthetop,canyouseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.D.Climbingmountainswashardforme.E.Youshouldhavegoalslikeclimbingthemountains.,2.第二题的关键信息是veryhighmountains,和答案B中的sochallengingforme呼应。前后句子在意思上存在逻辑关系。,Infact,Ihateditatthemoment,butmyfathersaidtome,Youcanalwaysseeabeautifulskyatthetopofthemountain,butyoucantseebeforeyoureachthetop._3_.Atthattime,Iwastooyoungtounderstandthiswords._4_.A.Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence.B.ItwssochallengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.C.Onlythereatthetop,canyouseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.D.Climbingmountainswashardforme.,3.第三题的关键信息是atthetop,和答案C中的Onlythereatthetop呼应，前后句子在意思上存在逻辑关系。,4.本篇是一篇记叙文，用的是插叙手法，和上一句的关系为”时间顺序“关系，由此我们可以知道答案。,WhenIwassmall,Iwaskindofshy.FortunitelyIchangedalotbyjuniorhigh.Shynessgetsinthewayofsuccess,butitdoesnthavetoholdyouback.Herearesometipsthatmayhelpyouovercomeit._1_.Theexcitementofbeinglostatsomethingthatyoulovecanhelpyouforgetyourneverousnesswhileshowingoff.Next,whynotgetmorechancestospeakinpublic?Forme,whenIgottohighschool,Itookspeechclasses._2_.Then,dontthinkaboutwhatwillhappen.Itspossiblethatyoumightbelaughedatwhenspeaking._3_.Whatreallyhappensisbetterthanwhatweimagine.,Finally,rememberpastsuccess,Whetheritismakingasuccessfulspeech,rememberingpastsuccesscanhelpinspireyoutogetfurthersuccess._4_.Ifyousucceededinthepast,thenyouyoucansucceedagain!Itsactuallynaturaltobealittlebitnervousaboutmeetingnewpeople,makingcoldcalls,orgivingaspeech.Thatnervousnessdoesnthavetokeepyoufromsucceeding,though.,A.Firstofall,youdbetterconcentrateonwhatyouenjoy.B.Thesesuccessesareproofthatyoucandoit.C.IstillfeelalittleuncomfortablewhenIrealize.D.However,othersmaynotevennoticeyourmistake.E.Icouldeventakepartinspeakingcompetitions.,WhenIwassmall,Iwaskindofshy.FortunitelyIchangedalotbyjuniorhigh.Shynessgetsinthewayofsuccess,butitdoesnthavetoholdyouback.Herearesometipsthatmayhelpyouovercomeit._1_.Theexcitementofbeinglostatsomethingthatyoulovecanhelpyouforgetyourneverousnesswhileshowingoff.A.Firstofall,youdbetterconcentrateonwhatyouenjoy.B.Thesesuccessesareproofthatyoucandoit.C.IstillfeelalittleuncomfortablewhenIrealize.D.However,othersmaynotevennoticeyourmistake.E.Icouldeventakepartinspeakingcompetitions.,1.根据文中next,then,Finally可知上下文为顺序关系,我们可知答案。,Next,whynotgetmorechancestospeakinpublic?Forme,whenIgottohighschool,Itookspeechclasses._2_.A.Firstofall,youdbetterconcentrateonwhatyouenjoy.B.Thesesuccessesareproofthatyoucandoit.C.IstillfeelalittleuncomfortablewhenIrealize.D.However,othersmaynotevennoticeyourmistake.E.Icouldeventakepartinspeakingcompetitions.,2.根据上文中的speakinpublic和Itookspeechclasses及答案E中的eventakepartinspeakingcompetitions.可见speak这个关键词反复出现。上下文为递进关系。,Then,dontthinkaboutwhatwillhappen.Itspossiblethatyoumightbelaughedatwhenspeaking._3_.Whatreallyhappensisbetterthanwhatweimagine.B.Thesesuccessesareproofthatyoucandoit.C.IstillfeelalittleuncomfortablewhenIrealize.D.However,othersmaynotevennoticeyourmistake.,3.根据上文的Itspossiblethatyoumightbelaughedatwhenspeaking.你可能被嘲笑，下文应为转折关系，答案中只有however可以表示转折关系，因此我们就知道答案啦。,Finally,rememberpastsuccess,Whetheritismakingasuccessfulspeech,rememberingpastsuccesscanhelpinspireyoutogetfurthersuccess._4_.Ifyousucceededinthepast,thenyouyoucansucceedagain!B.Thesesuccessesareproofthatyoucandoit.C.IstillfeelalittleuncomfortablewhenIrealize.,4.这一段的mainidea都是说success的。告诫人们以前能成功，今后也会成功。例如1：rememberpastsuccess,2：rememberingpastsuccesscanhelpinapireyoutogetfurthersuccess.3：Thesesuccessesareproofthatyoucandoit.综合上面三个方面我们就可以知道答案啦。,