汉语长句的分析与翻译.ppt

Lecture4TranslatingLongChineseSentences,汉语长句的分析与翻译,程永生（2001）提出汉语句子英译的四个步骤：,1、分析汉语原句的意义层次及其相互联系，选用合适的英语时态；2、将各个意义层次翻译成独立的英语简单句或不太复杂的复合句；3、将翻译过的英语简单句或不太复杂的复合句根据汉语的意义关系按照英语的组句规则予以合并；4、化简合并后的英语句子，在可能的情况下将从句化简成短语、将短语化简成词组甚至单词。如有必要还可对化简过的句子进行调整，突出信息或造成句式的多样性。,译例分析,1.我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好教育，出生于受人尊敬的家庭，更重要的是他为人可靠；这些因素虽不能作为判别是非的准绳，但也是重要参数。1）进行语法结构和意义层次分析我们相信他所说的，/（因果）因为他受过良好教育，/（并列）出生于受人尊敬的家庭，/（递进）更重要的是他为人可靠；/（因果）这些因素虽不能作为判别是非的准绳，/（转折）但也是重要参数。,2）将各个意义层次翻译成独立的英语简单句。Weareconvincedofwhathesaid/becauseheiswelleducated,/hewasbornintoarespectablefamily/andmoreimportant,heisreliable./Althoughallthesefactorscannotserveascriteriatodeterminerightandwrong,/theyareimportantparametersinmakingadecision.3）将意义关系按照英语的组句规则予以合并。Weareconvincedofhisstatementbasedonhisgoodeducation,respectablefamilybackgroundandpersonalreliability,whicharesignificantparameters,thoughnotcriteria,forthedistinctionofrightfromwrong.,4）简化，调整以突出信息，凸显结构。Suchsignificantparameters,thoughnotcriteriaforthedecisiononrightandwrong,ashisgoodeducation,responsiblefamilybackgroundandpersonalreliability,allconvincedusofhisstatement.C.fWeareconvincedofhisstatementbasedonhisgoodeducation,respectablefamilybackgroundandpersonalreliability,whicharesignificantparameters,thoughnotcriteria,forthedistinctionofrightfromwrong.,2.一开始我就怀疑他们之间有些感情瓜葛，随后发生的许多事都证明我的猜疑是正确的。1）进行语法结构和意义层次分析一开始我就怀疑他们之间有些感情瓜葛，/（递进）随后发生的许多事都证明我的猜疑是正确的。2）将各个意义层次翻译成独立的英语简单句。Attheveryfirst,Iwasindoubtthattherewassomeimplicitlovebetweenthem/andwhatfollowedverifiedmysuspicion.3）将意义关系按照英语的组句规则予以合并。Theirimplicitlove,asIinitiallysuspected,turnedouttobeexplicitwithevidencesbecomingincreasinglyconvincing.4）将从句化简成短语、将短语化简成词组甚至单词。Myinitialsuspicionabouttheirimplicitlovehasturnedouttruebysuccessiveevidences.,3.这位省长，一直十分注意自己的形象，令我们吃惊的是，这位被誉为正直可靠的父母官竟然是个贪赃枉法之徒。1）进行语法结构和意义层次分析这位省长，一直十分注意自己的形象，/（转折）令我们吃惊的是，/（系表）这位被誉为正直可靠的父母官竟然是个贪赃枉法之徒。2）将各个意义层次翻译成独立的英语简单句。Thegovernorhasbeenpayingparticularattentiontohisownimage,/butwhatsurprisesusis/thatthegovernor,/whohasfrequentlybeenhonoredasanuprightandreliablelocalofficial,/hasturnedouttobeabadelementwhohaspervertedjusticeforbribery.,3）将意义关系按照英语的组句规则予以合并。Withparticularattentionconstantlypaidtohisownimage,thegovernor,frequentlyhonoredasanuprightandreliablelocalofficial,surprisinglyturnedouttobeabadelementforhisperversionofjusticeforbribery.4）简化，调整，突出信息。Frequentlyhonoredasanuprightandreliablelocalofficialforhisparticularattentionconstantlypaidtohisownimage,thegovernorsurprisinglyturnedouttobeabadelementforhisperversionofjusticeforbribery.,4.这位教授引经据典，反复阐释，许多学生仍感到不得要领，如坠入五里云雾。如此看来，深入浅出，乃教学之秘诀也。1）进行语法结构和意义层次分析这位教授引经据典，/（并列）反复阐释，/（转折）许多学生仍感到不得要领，/（并列）如坠入五里云雾。/（因果）如此看来，/（系表）深入浅出，/（判断）乃教学之秘诀也。,2）将各个意义层次翻译成独立的英语简单句。Theprofessorquotedexamplesfromclassicsandscriptures,/andexplainedthepointrepeatedly./However,thestudentsfailedtograsptheessentials,/feelingthattheprofessorhadthrownthemintofoggycloudsasthickasfivemiles./Thisshowsthat/profoundunderstandingexpressedinintelligibletermscancontributeagreatdealtoclassroominstruction3）将意义关系按照英语的组句规则予以合并,以凸显逻辑关系。Althoughtheprofessorquotedfromclassicsandscripturesandexplainedthepointrepeatedly,thestudentsremainedpuzzledandfailedtogetanynearertothepoint.Thisillustratesthatprofoundideasexpressedinintelligibletermsisofgreatsignificanceinteaching.,4）将从句化简成短语、将短语化简成词组甚至单词。Thefactthattheprofessorsrepeatedquotationsandpatientexplanationsdidnotbringthepuzzledstudentsaninchnearertothepointnecessitatesexpressionofprofoundideasinintelligibletermsinteaching.,5.对化简过的句子进行调整，突出信息或造成句式的多样性。a)Theprofessorsrepeatedquotationsandpatientexplanationsdidnotbringthepuzzledstudentsanynearertothepoint,pointingtothesignificanceofexpressingprofoundideasinintelligibletermsinteaching.b)Thenecessityofexpressingprofoundideasinintelligibletermsinteachingcanbebestdemonstratedbythefactthattheprofessorsrepeatedquotationsandpatientexplanationsdidnotbringthepuzzledstudentsaninchnearertothepoint.,5.在市场经济大潮中，即使在最有利的情况下，公司要想改产较为适销的产品，也难免要冒一点损失利润的风险，哪怕是暂时的。1）进行语法结构和意义层次分析在市场经济大潮中，即使在最有利的情况下，/（并列）公司要想改产较为适销的产品，/（假设，让步）也难免要冒一点损失利润的风险，/（让步）哪怕是暂时的。,2）将各个意义层次翻译成独立的英语简单句。Inthetideofmarketeconomy，/evenifinthemostadvantageousposition/andifacompanywantstochangeitsproductionpatterninordertoadaptitselftothemarketdemand,/itwillinevitablysuffersomelossesinprofits,/evenifthesuffermaynotlastlong.3）将意义关系按照英语的组句规则予以合并，以凸显逻辑关系。Surfingonthetideofmarketeconomy,acompany,inthemostadvantageouspositionasitmaybe,willbeatariskofsomeprofitlossinshiftingitsproductionpatternsfortheadaptationofitselftothemarketdemand,thoughthelossmaybetransient.,4）对句子进行调整，突出信息或造成句式的多样性。Inmarketeconomy,acompany,eveninthemostadvantageousposition,mayriskprofitloss,thoughforthetimebeing,inadaptationtothemarketdemandsbyshiftingitsproductionpatterns.a)Surfingonthetideofmarketeconomy,acompany,eveninthemostadvantageousposition,may,inadaptingitselftothemarketdemandsbyshiftingitsproductionpatterns,beattheriskofsomeprofitloss,thoughforthetimebeing.（插入成分的增加造成句式的正式性）b)Inthemostadvantageouspositionasitmaybe,acompanymay,insurfingonthetideofmarketeconomy,suffersomeprofitloss,thoughtemporarily,inadaptingitselftothemarketdemandsbyshiftingitsproductionpatterns.（调整结构，突出信息）,