APsalmofLife朗费罗.ppt

APsalmofLife,ByHenryWadsworthLongfellow,HenryWadsworthLongfellow,(1807-1882),I.HisLife,LongfellowwasbornonFebruary27,1807,toStephenLongfellowandZilpah(Wadsworth)LongfellowinPortland,Maine,andhegrewupinwhatisnowknownastheWadsworth-LongfellowHouse.Henrywasenrolledinadameschool(anearlyformofaprivateelementaryschoolinEnglish-speakingcountries.)attheageofthreeandbyagesixwasenrolledattheprivatePortlandAcademy.Inthefallof1822,the15-year-oldLongfellowenrolledatBowdoinCollegeinBrunswick,Maine,alongsidehisbrotherStephen.,4.Aftergraduatingin1825,hewasofferedajobasprofessorofmodernlanguagesathisalmamater.ThenhewenttoEuropetostudylanguage,againstthewishofhisfatherwhothoughthissonshouldbecomealawyer.For4years,hestudiedlanguagesinFrance,Spain,Italy,GermanyandEngland.InMadrid,hespenttimewithWashingtonIrvingandwasparticularlyimpressedbytheauthorsworkethic.IrvingencouragedtheyoungLongfellowtopursuewriting.HeservedasaprofessorofmodernlanguagesatBowdoinCollegefrom1829-1835.HetaughtmodernlanguagesatHarvardfrom1836to1854.,9.Hisfirstmarriageendedin1835,whenhiswifedied.In1843,hemarriedthedaughterofawealthyindustrialistwhogavehimwealth,anddomestichappiness.10.HespenthislastdaysinCambridge.11.HeistheonlyAmericanmanofletterstobehonoredwithabustinthePoetsConnerinWestminster.,MaryStorerPotterbecameLongfellowsfirstwifein1831anddiedfouryearslater.,Afteraseven-yearcourtship,LongfellowmarriedFrancesAppletonin1843.,II.ContributionandLimitation,ContributionHeisthemostimportantoneofthe“NewEnglandPoets(otherpoets:WilliamCullenBryant,JamesRussellLowell,OliverWendellHolmesandJohnGreenleafWhittier).BasedonhisknowledgeofEuropeanliterarytradition,hebecameamasterofsonnetsandreflectivelyric.HedidagreatservicetoAmericanliteratureindomesticatingcertainformsfromEuropeanliteratue.HissearchfornewformsandhiseffortsinconveyingdidacticisminpopularpoemsbroughthimapopularitywiththecommonreadersinAmericathathasneverbeenapproachedbyanyotherpoet.,Hewasalsoimportantasatranslator;histranslationofDantebecamearequiredpossessionforthosewhowantedtobeapartofhighculture.Healsoencouragedandsupportedothertranslators.InhonorofLongfellowsrolewithtranslations,HarvardestablishedtheLongfellowInstitutein1994,dedicatedtoliteraturewrittenintheUnitedStatesinlanguagesotherthanEnglish.ContemporarywriterEdgarAllanPoewrotetoLongfellowinMay1841ofhisferventadmirationwhichyourgeniushasinspiredinmeandlatercalledhimunquestionablythebestpoetinAmerica.,Limitation,Hefailedtoreflectwhathefeltpersonally,insteadofwhatheattainedfromreading.HispoemslackofsuchdepthandinsightofagreatartistasthatofWhitman.Fortheabovereasons,Longfellowspopularityrapidlydeclined,beginningshortlyafterhisdeathandintothe20thcenturyasacademicsbegantoappreciatepoetslikeWaltWhitman,EdwinArlingtonRobinson,andRobertFrost.,III.Works,1)VoicesoftheNight(1839)夜吟hisfirstcollectionofpoems2)BalladsandOtherPoems(1841)歌谣及其他,BalladsandOtherPoemcontains:(1TheVillageBlacksmith乡村铁匠(2APsalmofLife人生礼赞(3TheSkeletoninAromor铠甲骷髅3)Evangeline伊凡吉林4)Hiawatha,basedonAmericanIndianlegends.海华沙之歌,5)TalesofaWaysideInn路畔旅舍的故事6)HistranslationofDivineComedy神曲ofDante,人们在临死前通常要给后人留下遗嘱,可一位在克里米亚作战的英国士兵临死前却在背诵人生礼赞。诗的作者就是美国历史上最伟大的诗人之一亨利华兹华斯朗费罗(HenryWadsworthLongfellow)。朗费罗继承了浪漫主义的传统,主张“为人生而艺术”。他的优秀诗作号召建立功勋,谴责战争和奴隶制度,表现了他对人们的热爱和尊重。,人生礼赞写于1839年，诗人爱妻波特1835年因流产而病故，他一度陷入悲痛之中，而当他追求阿普尔顿（五年后成为他第二任妻子）时，又遭遇颇多波折。于是他感到百感交集，觉得人生充满挫折，内心不免伤感，但在诗文中，他则勉励人们在人生道路上不懈努力，不断进取，不断追求。全诗一气呵成，感情强烈，为世人传诵。,郎费罗的人生礼赞匿名发表的时候，正是美国资本主义蒸蒸日上的发展阶段。它以饱满浓郁的激情，乐观向上的态度，唱出了对人生的热爱，对美好生活的追求，肯定了积极进取、奋发向上的人生态度，批判了人生如梦的悲观情调，富有强烈的感染力。这一精神是与当时的时代脉搏紧紧连在一起的，因而得到了多数人的共鸣，被誉为“真正美国心脏的跳动”。当时的著名诗人惠蒂埃（John.G.Whittier）读了此诗后赞叹说：“我们不知道作者是谁，但他或她绝不是等闲之辈。这九节单纯的诗，比雪莱、济慈和华兹华斯等人所有的梦想加在一起有价值得多。这首诗是呼吸着、充沛着我们今天的时代精神的它是一个有为的世纪的精神蒸气机。”且不管这评论客观与否，但从中至少可以看出此诗在当时所引起的轰动。,APsalmofLifeByHenryWadsworthLongfellow,Tellmenot,inmournfulnumbers,Lifeisbutanemptydream!forthesoulisdeadthatslumbers,Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.Lifeisreal!Lifeisearnest!Andthegraveisnotitsgoal;Dustthouart,todustreturnest,Wasnotspokenofthesoul.Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,Isourdestinedendorway;Buttoact,thateachto-morrowFindusfartherthanto-day.,Artislong,andTimeisfleeting,Andourhearts,thoughstoutandbrave,Still,likemuffleddrums,arebeatingFuneralmarchestothegrave.Intheworldsbroadfieldofbattle,InthebivouacofLife,Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!Beaherointhestrife!TrustnoFuture,howeerpleasant!LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!Act,-actinthelivingPresent!Heartwithin,andGodoerhead!,LivesofgreatmenallremindusWecanmakeourlivessublime,And,departing,leavebehindusFootprintsonthesandsoftime;Footprints,thatperhapsanother,Sailingoerlifessolemnmain,Aforlornandshipwreckedbrother,Seeing,shalltakeheartagain.Letus,then,beupanddoing,Withaheartforanyface;Stillachieving,stillpursuing,Learntolaborandtowait.,第一、二节，针对“人生如梦”的颓废论调，开宗明义地指出“人生是实在的，人生不是虚无”。第三、四、五、六节进一步指出，既然生活不是梦，那就要抓住现在去实干，去行动。第七、八两节以伟人的榜样来激励人们，要在“时间的沙滩上”留下脚印，以给后来者以鼓舞，最后一节以更为激昂的声调总结全诗，首尾呼应，在“不断去收获，不断去追求”的强音中结束全诗。,本诗四句一节，共计三十六句，分为九节。上一节是下一节内容的铺垫，每一节内容都有层层递进的趋向，向一支无形而又强有力的手，一步步地把我们推向思想的高潮。,Tellmenot,inmournfulnumbers,Lifeisbutanemptydream!forthesoulisdeadthatslumbers,Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.,Mournfulnumbers:usuallywebelievethatdeathbringsanendtolife.However,inthisopeningstanza,Longfellowdeclareshimselftobeabelieverinlifehereafter.Humanlife,hedeclares,wouldnotbelifewithoutthebelief(thedream)oflifehereafter.slumber:sleepO,请别用哀伤的诗句对我讲；人生呵，无非是虚梦一场！因为沉睡的灵魂如死一般，事物的表里并不一样。,Lifeisreal!Lifeisearnest!Andthegraveisnotitsgoal;Dustthouart,todustreturnest,Wasnotspokenofthesoul.,Thesecondstanzacontinueswiththesamebeliefinafterlifethatispresentinthefirst.Longfellowstatesthisclearlywhenhewrites,Andthegraveisnotitsgoal.Itmeansthatlifedoesntendforpeoplesimplybecausetheydie;thereisalwayssomethingmoretobehopefulandoptimisticfor.,人生是实在的！人生是热烈的！人生的目标决不是坟墓；你是尘土，应归于尘土。此话指的并不是我们的精神。,Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,Isourdestinedendorway;Buttoact,thateachto-morrowFindusfartherthanto-day.,destined:fatedLongfellowbeginsdiscussinghowhumansmustlivetheirlivesinconstantanticipationforthenextdayunderthebeliefthatitwillbebetterthaneachdaybeforeit:Buttoactthateachto-morrow/Findusfartherthanto-day.,我们的归宿并不是快乐，也不是悲伤，实干,才是我们的道路，每天不断前进，蒸蒸日上。,Artislong,andTimeisfleeting,Andourhearts,thoughstoutandbrave,Still,likemuffleddrums,arebeatingFuneralmarchestothegrave.,fleeting:shortstout:strongInthisstanza,Longfellowassertsthatthereisneveraninfiniteamountoftimetolive,butartthatiscreatedduringoneslifecanbepreservedindefinitelyandliveonlongafteritscreatordies.,光阴易逝，而艺海无涯，我们的心哪虽然勇敢坚强，却像被布蒙住的铜鼓，常把殡葬的哀乐擂响。,Intheworldsbroadfieldofbattle,InthebivouacofLife,Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!Beaherointhestrife!,bivouac:临时宿营Inthisstanza,Longfellowlikenslivingintheworldtofightingonahugefieldofbattle.Hebelievesthatpeopleshouldleadheroicandcourageouslivesandnotsitidleandremainineffectualwhiletheworldrapidlychangesaroundthem:Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!Beaherointhestrife!“O,在这人生的宿营地，在这辽阔的世界战场，别做无言的牲畜任人驱赶，做一名英雄汉立马横枪！,TrustnoFuture,howeerpleasant!LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!Act,-actinthelivingPresent!Heartwithin,andGodoerhead!,Longfellowthenencourageseveryonetohavefaithandtrustthelordandnottorelyonanunknownfuturetobestableandsupportive.Headvisespeopletoseizethemomentstheyhavebeforethemandactwhilethinkingabouttheirpresentsituations.,别相信未来，哪怕未来多么欢乐！让死去的往昔将死亡一切埋葬！上帝在上，我们胸怀勇气，行动吧趁现在活着的好时光！,LivesofgreatmenallremindusWecanmakeourlivessublime,And,departing,leavebehindusFootprintsonthesandsoftime;,sublime：highqualityandcausinggreatadmirationLongfellowcontinueshispoembycitingthelivesofgreatandimportantmenwhowereabletoleadincrediblelivesandleavetheirmarks.Heviewsthesemenasrolemodelsforpeoplewhohaveyettolivetheirlives;Longfellowencourageshisreaderstoleavetheirownfootprintsonthesandsoftimeandbecomeimportant.,伟人的生平使我们想起，我们能使自己的一生变得高尚！当我们辞别人间，能把足迹留在时间的流沙上；,Footprints,thatperhapsanother,Sailingoerlifessolemnmain,Aforlornandshipwreckedbrother,Seeing,shalltakeheartagain.,forlorn:lonelyandunhappyshipwrecked:遭遇海难的Inthisstanza,thesecondtolastinthepoem,continueswiththissamepoint.Itdescribeshowsuccessfulpeopleinthepasthavetheirlivescopied,whilethosewhofailedserveasexamplesofwaysoflifetoavoid.Thefinallinesofthepoemechothebeginningonesandofferperhapsthemostimportantadviceinapoemthatischockedfullofit.Longfellowencouragesalltoworkandtrytheirhardesttomaketheirlivesgreatandaccomplishasmuchastheycan.,也许有个遭了船灾的苦难弟兄，他曾在庄严的人生大海中飘航，见到我们的脚印，又会满怀信心。,Letus,then,beupanddoing,Withaheartforanyface;Stillachieving,stillpursuinglearntolaborandtowait,Longfellowconveyshismessagethesamewayhedidintherestofthepoem:byspeakingdirectlytothereaderandprovidinghisreasoningforbelievinginsomethingmore,insomethingbetter.Longfellowensureshisfollowersthattherewardsforwhattheyachievewillcomeeventually-ifnotinthislifetime,then,certainly,inthenext.,让我们起来干吧，下定决心，不管遭遇怎样；不断胜利，不断追求，要学会苦干和耐心等待,Theme,Thepoemremindsusthatlifeisnotadream,butveryreal,andurgesustoliveittothefullandnotsitaroundwaitingfordeath.Itsaysthatthepurposeoflifeisnottohavefunorindeedtosufferbuttodosomething.Italsoremindsusthatalthoughmankindhaslivedalongtimeourownindividualtimeonearthislimitedandwillpassveryquickly,witheachheartbeatafurthersteptowardsthegrave.Sotry,likegreatmenofthepast,tomakesomethingofyourselfinyourshorttimeonearthandleavebehindsomethingbywhichtoberemembered.O,ThepoemisthefirstEnglishpoemtranslatedintoChinese.Itssimpleandforcefullanguage,sincereemotionandsmoothrhythmhavewonappreciationfromChinesereaders.,君勿消沉与我言：人生如梦空辗转！精神不振何异无，且勿世事表面看。人生真实亦严肃，岂能碌碌入坟墓？尘土之身终化尘，所不化者汝精神。享乐受苦非天定，何去何从由自己。要在笃行与恒行，明日进步于今日。艺术乃为长久计，奈何光阴飞逝去！心虽强健且踊跃，已始开奏送葬曲。如鼓被蒙音沉闷，敲敲打打送坟茔。浩浩世界如战场，人生匆匆如宿营。莫作牛马忍吞声，任人驱使究可悯。叱咤风云搏激流，是则名为真英雄。未来再好总是虚，过去已逝令过去。惟有现在属自己，雄猛精进是道理。志心坚定不稍移，举头三尺有上帝。古今圣贤皆垂范，当以善业自庄严。当如沙滩留足印，生命短暂莫空还。足印留待后来人，人生之海启航程。樯倾楫催孤无助，见此足印心振奋。吾辈故应起而行，心无挂碍得与失。耕耘求索莫断续，要学苦干与待机。,人生礼赞勿用悲伤的诗句说，人生只是空梦一场！因沉睡的灵魂死亡，世事都改变了模样。人生真实！人生重要！坟墓不是生命的归宿：你尘里来，必尘里往，但言及灵魂却不一样。享受与悔憾，并非我们的旅途或终点。唯有行动，才会发现，明天比今天走更远。,艺术永存，光阴似箭，我们的心虽坚定勇敢，在通往墓地的出殡行列里，仍似敲击的沉闷鼓点。在世间辽阔的战场，在生命露宿的地方，别像喑哑任人驱赶的牲口！要当英雄去争斗！别相信未来，管它会多欢快！逝者如斯，莫悲哀！行动起来，在这辉煌的时代！雄心寓胸怀，上帝与你同在！,伟人事迹每每提醒，我们也能使生命受崇敬。而告别尘世时，会在身后时间的沙滩上留下自己的脚印。也许是另一种脚印，在生命的神圣海洋里航行，船难中绝望的兄弟，看见了，会再次鼓起信心。怀着不屈从命运之心，让我们奋起而前进；学会努力和等待，不断追求，成就未来。,莫唱伤感调：梦幻是人生！须知灵魂睡，所见本非真。生命真而诚！坟墓非止境；生死皆垢尘，岂是指灵魂。逸乐与忧伤，均非天行健；君子当自强，翌日胜今天。光阴似白驹，学艺垂千秋；雄心如闷鼓，葬曲伴荒丘。世界一战场，人生一军营；莫效牛马走，奋发斯英雄！,莫信未来好，过去任埋葬。努力有生时，心诚祈上苍！伟人洵不朽，我亦能看自强，鸿爪留身后，遗泽印时光。或有飘零人，苦海中浮沉，睹我足印时，衷心又振奋。众生齐奋发，顺逆不介意；勤勉而戒躁，探索又进取。,Thankyou!,