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专题二代词和介词,词汇复习2(根据汉语提示填入以a开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以a开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景1】AttheanniversaryofAgriculturalProductsExpoanAmericanagentmadeanaddressonhowto(积累)adequateknowledgetoimprovetheproduction.Anyway,weshouldmakeany(可供选择的)solutions,oreven(委派)amateursorallocateadultswhoservedinthearmybeforetoaccomplishthetask.,accumulate,alternative,appoint,译文:在这次农产品博览会周年纪念日上,一位美国代理做了一个有关如何积累足够的知识提高产量的报告。不管怎么说,我们应该采取可供选择的解决方式,甚至委派业余爱好者或分派退伍的成年人来完成这项任务。,【情景2】(根据)tothe(每年的)assessmentsofthearchitectsfromauthorities,the(吸引人的)apartmentsareampleenoughfortheathletesawarded.Tobehonest,every(申请人)attachesgreatimportancetolivinghere.,According,annual,attractive,applicant,译文:根据一项来自官方建造师的一年一度的评估,这些引人注目的公寓对于那些获奖的运动员来说都足够宽敞。说实话,每一位申请人对于能住这里看得很重。,代词考查有章法,前后语境细观察1.(2015重庆卷改编)ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butknowsthedateforsure.,答案,解析,2.(2015福建卷改编)Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.,答案,解析,3.(2015浙江卷改编)HowwouldyoulikeifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?,答案,解析,4.(2015天津卷改编)Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthaninsomelargerschools.,答案,解析,5.(2015陕西卷改编)Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainst.,答案,解析,介词考查要做对,分析语境记搭配1.(2015重庆卷改编)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68theaverage.,答案,解析,2.(2015浙江卷改编)Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehomesanimalsbothonlandandsea?,答案,解析,3.(2015江苏卷改编)ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutThomasEdison.,答案,解析,4.(2015陕西卷改编)Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.,答案,解析,5.(2015福建卷改编)Acommonmemorytheyallhavetheirschooldaysistheschooluniform.,答案,解析,一,二,一,二,注意:(1)形容词性物主代词只能用做定语,修饰名词,如:herfather她的父亲。(2)“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:afriendofmyfathers我父亲的朋友中的一个。,一,二,2.不定代词(1)none,noone,nothing,neither和no常见用法none“没人,没有任何东西”,强调数量为零。既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of短语,常用来回答howmany/much的问题。Theywerealltired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptohavearest.他们都累了,但没有一个愿意停下来休息。Howmanyofyouhaveseenthefilm?你们中有多少人看过这部电影?None(ofus).一个也没有。CanIhavesomemilkformycoffee?我能向咖啡中加些牛奶吗?Imafraidthereisnoneleft.恐怕没有牛奶了。,一,二,noone表示“没有人,谁也不”,强调对象。只指人(=nobody),做主语时谓语动词用单数。常可用来回答who引导的问句。Whocananswerthequestion?谁能回答这个问题?Noone.没人。nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what提出的问句。Whatsinthecave?洞里有什么?Nothing.没什么。,一,二,neither指“两个人或物中一个也不,两者都不”,表否定意义,做主语时谓语动词用单数。Heofferedtwoanswerstotheproblem,butneitherofthemisright.这个问题他给了两个答案,但是两个答案中没有一个是正确的。no用于限定可数名词单数(=nota)和复数(=notany),以及限定不可数名词(notany)。Ihavenocar.(no=nota)我没有车。Thereisnowaterleftinthebottle.(no=notany)瓶子里没有水了。(2)either,any,both,all的常见用法either指两者之一;any指三者或三者以上之一。both指两者都;all指三者或三者以上都。,一,二,(3)表示“另外的”不定代词:theother,other,others,another的常见用法theother指两者中的另一方,表特指,可单独使用,也可接单数名词。常用结构one.theother.。如:Therearetwopens.Oneishis;theotherisToms.这儿有两支钢笔。一支是他的,另一支是汤姆的。Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewaytotheother.因为双方都不愿意屈服,所以讨论中没有达成一致。,other做前置定语,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用,如果其前有the,some,any,each,every,no,one以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。如:WestudyEnglish,maths,Chineseandothersubjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。Wouldyoupleasemakeitsomeotherday(=anotherday)?改日做此事好吗?Ihavenootherplacetogo.我再也没有别的地方可去。others是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。常用结构:some.others.;而theothers表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。Somelikestayingathomeattheweekend;otherslikegoingtothecinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里,另一些人喜欢去看电影。,一,二,一,二,another泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又,再,还”,此时名词前一般有数词或量词修饰。Thiscapistoosmallforme.Showmeanother(one).这帽子太小了,给我看另外一顶。Weneedanotherthreeassistantsinourshop.我们店还需要三名店员。,一,二,3.替代词it,one,ones,theone,that,those的用法(1)it代替上文提到的名词,指代同一事物,而不指这一类中的另一个相同的个体。即同名同物。Doyouwantthemagazine?你想得到这本杂志吗?Yes,Iwantit.是的,我想得到它。Idontwanttodrinkthetea.Itistoohot.我不想喝这杯茶,它太烫了。,一,二,(2)one代替单数名词,通常为泛指,与前面提到的事物同类,但并非同一个。Ihavelostmypen.Imgoingtobuyone.我把钢笔丢了,我打算再买一支。Ipreferthisshirttothatone.我喜欢这件衬衫,不喜欢那件。(3)ones是one的复数形式,常用来代替复数可数名词,前面不用物主代词修饰,一般也不用these或those来直接修饰,除非ones前面有形容词。Ihaveanewcoatandseveraloldones.我有一件新外套和几件旧的。Theseyellowraincoatsaresosmall.Iwantthoseredones.这些黄色的雨衣太小了。我想要那些红色的。,一,二,(4)theone的用法:特指,替代前面出现的单数可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数”结构,后面常有定语修饰。Therearetwobooksonthedesk.TheoneonthetopbelongstoJack.课桌上有两本书,上面的那本是杰克的。(5)that用来代替上下文中的名词,它表示与前面同类的东西。that既可代替可数名词,又可代替不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人。Thepriceofriceishigherthanthatofwheat.大米的价格比小麦的价格高。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.中国的人口比美国的人口多。,一,二,(6)those是that的复数形式,可用来替代可数名词的复数形式,相当于“the+可数名词复数”结构,表示特指某一范围内的人或者物。有时theones和those可互换使用,常有后置定语。Thestudentsinourclassworkharderthanthoseintheirclass.我们班里的同学比他们班里的那些同学学习刻苦。Thenewdesignsaremuchbetterthantheones/thosethatwesawyesterday.这些新设计比我们昨天看到的那些好得多。,(7)it的其他用法指代事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人。Whatabeautifulbaby!Isitaboy?多漂亮的孩子啊!是男孩儿吗?Whoisthemanoverthere?那边那个男人是谁?ItmustbeLiPing.一定是李平。指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。Itsverycoldtoday.今天很冷。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincewelastsaweachother.自从我们上次见面到现在已经三年了。Itstwentymilestothezoo.到动物园20英里路。,一,二,一,二,做形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动词-ing形式、名词性从句。ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.学好英语很重要。Ifinditquitenecessarytomakesomechanges.我发现有必要做出改变。Itsnogood(nouse,useless,senseless,hopeless,worthwhile)+动词-ing.Itsnousearguingwithhim.同他争论没什么用。Itisquiteclearthathehasreadthebook.很显然,他读过这本书。用做look,seem,appear,happen等词的主语。Itseemsthathelosthisway.他好像迷路了。,一,二,表示“喜欢或恨”等心理方面的动词,后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激。Icanthelpitifheisalwayslate.如果他总是迟到,我也没办法。Assomeoneputsit,practicemakesperfect.像有人所说的那样,熟能生巧。Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了,他们会支持你的。,一,二,4.代词的特殊用法(1)人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。Gladtomeetyou.见到你很高兴。Me,too.见到你我也很高兴。Susan,goandjoinyoursisterincleaningtheyard.苏珊,和你姐姐一起去扫院子。Whyme?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.为什么让我去?约翰正坐在那儿没事可做。,一,二,(2)与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型。Heisnothingbutaclerk.他只是一名职员。Heisanythingbutaclerk.他绝不是一名职员。Heissomeone/something/notanybody.他是个重要人物/出色的人物/普普通通的人。,一,二,二、介词一、介词不可单独使用,其后一定要接宾语,做宾语的一般是名词、代词或动词-ing形式。常用用法归纳如下:,一,二,一,二,另外还有以下常用介词:1.with和without表示伴随、原因等。如:Withtheproblemsolved,wecanfinishtheworkontime.问题解决了,我们能按时完成工作。2.表示“数量”的有about,around,over(超过)等。3.表示“关于”的on,about等。4.of表示所属关系,或部分与整体;“of+抽象名词”相当于与名词相对应的形容词,如:ofimportance=important。,一,二,二、常用介词搭配:1.atatlunch在吃午饭attable在吃饭atschool在上学atchurch在做礼拜atpeace在和平时期atfirst=atthebeginning初期atthebeginningof在的初始阶段attheendof.在结束时,一,二,2.ininaddition除以外还有inadditionto此外,除以外incase以免;万一indetail详细地inexchangefor用以交换infavourof同意;支持inoffice在执政inpower当权;在执政inprogress在进行中inreturn作为回报intime及时;最终intheway挡路inthemeanwhile同时,一,二,3.ononbehalfof代表onconditionthat以作为条件onsale出售onstrike在罢工ontheincrease正在增加onthego十分活跃;非常忙碌ontheair正在广播onthecontrary相反,一,二,4.underundercontrol在控制之中underdiscussion在讨论中underdevelopment在发展中underconstruction在建设中underrepair在修理中5.forforlackof由于缺乏forthebenefitof为了的利益asfor就而论;关于,一,二,6.bybychance=byaccident偶然;碰巧byname用名字;名叫byfar到目前为止7.outofoutofcontrol失去控制outofonesreach某人够不着的地方outofthequestion不可能outofquestion毫无疑问,一,二,三,四,五,一、用适当的代词完成句子1.Whosthatatthedoor?isthemilkman.2.Toherjoy,Lauraearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthenofhercolleagues.3.SherememberedhowdifficultwastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.4.Weusedtobelievethatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlight.5.ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhichofhisparentsspokethelanguage.,It,that,it,ones,neither,一,二,三,四,五,二、用适当的介词完成句子1.Thegirlareddressismysister,andthereddresslooksbeautifulher.2.(2014河北邢台模拟考试)Howdoesshegetonherfather?3.Shefoundsomegood-qualitypipessale.4.Ifyouwanttogettotheotherbank,youhavetoswimtheriver.5.(2014河北衡水调研考试)Theanswerdependslargelyculturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.,in,on,with,on,across,on,一,二,三,四,五,三、选词填空1.one,theone,it,that(1)WhenIgotocollege,Iwilldefinitelyneedacar,butIdonthavethemoneytobuynow.(2)Allthecarsonshowlookfabulous,especiallywithgiltdoors.(3)Ilikeoneofthecarsonexhibitionverymuch,butIdonthaveenoughmoneytobuy.(4)Thecarparkedinfrontofourhouseisshabbierthaninfrontofyourhouse.,one,theone,it,that,一,二,三,四,五,2.other,others,theother,theothers,another(1)MrHarrisandMrsBateandthreeteacherswerethere.(2)Thispairofshoesistoobig.Wouldyoupleaseshowmepair?(3)Amongthesevenstudents,threearegirlswhilefourareboys.(4)Ihavesevenpairsofglasses.Threeofthemarebrokenandaredirty.(5)Duringthecleaning,somestudentsaresweepingawaytherubbish,somearemoppingthefloor,andaretidyingthedesks.,other,another,theother,theothers,others,一,二,三,四,五,四、完成句子1.完成这项工程是一场与时间的赛跑。Itwasaracetogettheprojectdone.2.他邀请我星期天去他的生日聚会。Heinvitedmetohisbirthdayparty.3.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。Thestudentswenttothefarm.4.我对那位年轻的女士一无所知,除了知道她刚从英国归来并获得了博士学位。IknownothingabouttheyoungladyshehasjustcomebackfromGreatBritainandgotadoctorsdegree.5.我和李华有个约会,但是我想改变一下。IhaveLiHuabutIwanttochangeit.,againsttime,onSunday,withtheirteachers,exceptthat,anappointmentwith,一,二,三,四,五,五、语法填空FathersDayoccursonthe3rdSundayinJune.Theideaforcreatingaday1.childrentohonourtheirfathersbeganinSpokane,Washington.Awoman2.thenameofSonoraSmartDoddthoughtabout3.ideaforFathersDaywhilelisteningtoaMothersDaysermon4.1909.,for,with,the,in,一,二,三,四,五,Havingbeenraised5.herfather,WilliamJacksonSmart,afterhermotherdied,Sonorawantedherfather6.(know)howspecialhewasforher.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrificesandwas,intheeyesofhisdaughter,acourageous,selfless,andlovingman.SonorasfatherwasborninJune,soshe7.(choose)toholdthefirstFathersDay8.(celebrate)inSpokane,Washington9.the19thofJune,1910.In1924PresidentCalvinCoolidgeannouncedthethirdSundayinJune10.FathersDay.RosesaretheFathersDayflowers.,by,toknow,chose,celebration,on,as,
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