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第二部分词法篇其他词类,专题1名词,核心考点精析,名词在高考中的应用,模拟强化练,核心考点精析,名词的核心考点,1.可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。(1)单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂)，cattle。(2)合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends，gobetweengobetweens(中间人)，grownupgrownups。,(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物，wages工资，riches财富，surroundings环境，ashes灰尘，compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，havewordswithsb.同某人吵架，inhighspirits情绪高涨地，giveonesregardstosb.向某人问好，inrags衣衫褴褛，Itisgoodmannerstodosth.做某事是有礼貌的。,(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people，cattle，police；有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：Thecrewislarge.船员人数很多(指整体)。Thecrewarealltired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。,2.不可数名词的数(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。,抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。AknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltrade.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim，bath，talk)withme?Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchanovel.Shemadeanapologytohermotherforherwrongdoings.,(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡，threecoffees三杯咖啡；somedrink一些饮料，adrink一杯饮料，threedrinks三杯饮料；hishair他的头发，afewgreyhairs几根白发；glass玻璃，aglass一只玻璃杯。,3.名词所有格(1)s所有格theboysmother，thechildrenstoys，theteachersbooks，LucyandLilysbedroom(共用)，LucysandLilysbedrooms(各自的)(2)“of名词”所有格theroofofthehouse，thecoverofthebook，thenameofthegirlwearingaredcoat，apictureofmyfather(apicturethatmyfatherisin)(3)双重所有格afriendofmybrothers(oneofmybrothersfriends)，apictureofmyfathers(oneofmyfatherspictures),(4)“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Tomshome，thedoctors，thecompanysnewfactory等。用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todaysnewspaper，fiveminuteswalk(drive)，fivepoundsweight，tendollarsworthofcoffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：theworldspopulation，Chinasindustry，NewYorksparks。,(5)所有格的句法功能表所有关系Jacksbrother表主谓关系MrWangspraise表动宾关系thefamousstarsadmirers表修饰关系adoctorsdegree表同位关系(只用of所有格)thecityofBeijing,4.名词的功能(1)可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语Maryturnednurse.Heboughtanewbook.Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.(2)作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。,分类意义airpollution空气污染boyfriend男朋友coffeecup咖啡杯bodylanguage身体语言roadaccident交通事故theNobelPrize诺贝尔奖时间、地点、称呼等DoctorJack杰克医生ProfessorLi李教授eveningschool夜校wintersleep冬眠表目的、手段、来源、所属意义receptiondesk接待台sportsfield田径场stonetable石桌colorTV彩电,(3)作状语名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。Thewarlastedeightyears.(4)作同位语Tom，ourmonitor，leftschoollastyear.,返回,名词在高考中的应用,名词与语法填空,在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词类变换。,典题试做1,用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全国)解析形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式ability。,ability,解析答案,2.IdskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese(painting).(2015全国)解析由于该名词由somany修饰，故填该名词的复数形式paintings。3.Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbepatient.(2014新课标全国)解析考查名词复数。前面是定冠词the，因此后面要用名词，再由谓语动词are可知此空要用其名词的复数形式，故填changes。,paintings,changes,解析答案,4.Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Unbelievable！Oh.，ifyoudontmind，Illstopandtakeadeep.(2014辽宁)解析考查根据上下文语境填词。根据语境可知，说话者对于现在正在进行的活动感到体力不支，因此需要停下来深吸一口气。takeadeepbreath深吸一口气。5.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.(2009广东)解析空格前有形容词性物主代词，所以空格处应填名词，choose的名词形式是choice。,breath,choice,解析答案,应对策略1,首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词类转换。这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况。,名词与短文改错,短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格。汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示。而英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须用其名词复数形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。其次名词的考查还会涉及词性转换方面的错误。,典题试做2,单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.(2015全国)解析由后面的定语从句webreathein可知，此处先行词的意思是“空气”，air当“空气”讲时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。答案airsair,解析答案,2.Oneday，littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwas.hisparentsweremissing.Tonysawhisparents.(2015全国)解析从后文可以看出Tony的父母一起和他去的购物中心，后文两次出现parents，所以应该将parent改为parents。答案parentparents3.AsItoldyoulasttime，Imadethreenewfriendhere.(2015四川)解析名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。答案friendfriends,解析答案,4.Myoldclassroomwasinterestingbecausethreesideoftheclassroomweremadefromglass.(2015浙江)解析前面有three修饰，故side要用复数形式sides。答案sidesides5.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.(2015陕西)解析根据前面的some可知，step应该用复数形式。答案stepsteps6.Forexample，wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportsforonehoureveryday.(2014新课标全国)解析由oneandahalf可知，hour应用复数形式。答案第一个hourhours,解析答案,7.WevecalledseveraltimeaboutCleosearlymorningbarking.(2014辽宁)解析time在此处意为“次数”，为可数名词，再根据前面的several可知，应用times。答案timetimes8.Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.(2013新课标全国)解析定冠词the后面应跟名词形式，故grow应改为growth。答案growgrowth,解析答案,9.Hehasruinedhishealthy.(2013辽宁)解析在形容词性物主代词后应用名词，所以应把healthy改为health。答案healthyhealth10.WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.(2011新课标全国)解析根据句意可知，当我最后到达“我朋友的家”(myfriends)时，他借给我许多衣服。故friend应改为friends。答案friendfriends,解析答案,应对策略2,遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。,书面表达中名词易错点聚焦,1.写作中对于复数名词易疏漏s或es，如：(误)Idlovetomakefriendwithyou.(误)Allthepicturedisplayedareofgreatvalue.2.部分名词的复数变化错误，如：familys，knifes，difficultys，pianoes，heros，womandoctors，tooths，childrens，medias。,3.部分词性易混作名词，如：,4.可数与不可数名词混淆。如：,返回,模拟强化练,.单句语法填空1.Hehadwitnessedtoomany(die)andwoundsattheBattleofSolferinoinItalyfouryearsearlier，inwhich40,000peoplewerekilled，woundedormissing.解析考查词性转换。这里指的是“死亡”，是可数名词，在句中作及物动词witness的宾语，空前的toomany暗示应用death的复数形式。,deaths,解析答案,2.Applesnewmachine，theLisa，provedtobeanexpensive(fail).解析考查派生词的用法。从空前的“anexpensive”可知此处缺少一个名词，故填failure。failure在此处意为“失败的事”，为可数名词。3.Iranintomyneighbor，Dennis，yesterdayafternoon.HeaskedifIwantedtwoticketstothetheater.Hehadseasonticketsbutcouldntgotothis(perform).解析根据this的提示可知，此处应该使用perform的名词形式。,failure,performance,解析答案,4.Tourismshouldalsoadvancethewealthand(happy)oflocalinhabitants.解析根据and平行关系及其前名词wealth可知，应填happy的名词形式。5.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.解析考查固定短语makecontributionsto“对作贡献”。,happiness,contributions,解析答案,6.Theygetadvicefrom“(strange)”.Whentheyneedadvice，theydontusuallygotopeopletheyknow.解析考查名词的复数。根据下一句中的“dont”及“peopletheyknow”可知，空处意为“陌生人(stranger)”。stranger为可数名词，其前面没有限定词，应填复数形式。7.Myfirst(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.解析形容词性物主代词my之后应当用名词，故应填impress的名词形式impression。,strangers,impression,解析答案,8.Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget(relieve)fromthismedicine.解析动词get后缺少宾语，故应用relieve的名词形式relief。getrelieffrom因得到缓解。9.Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?Well，youknow，Englishismy(strong).Soitismybestchoice.解析分析句子结构可知，谓语动词is后缺少表语，故应填strong的名词形式strength。,relief,strength,解析答案,10.Imadea(decide)tolookattheflightmonitorstoseeiftherewasanearlierflighttoSanFrancisco.解析考查词性转换。makeadecision意为“作出一个决定”。,decision,解析答案,.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.Withinthenextfewminute，mygrandfatheralsocaughtafish.答案minuteminutes2.Youtoldmethenameofdifferentplantsandtheircharacteristics.答案namenames3.Mom，IknowIhaveneverexpressedmythanktoyoubefore.答案thankthanks4.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices，andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.答案dishdishes,答案,5.Anotherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterandelectricathome.答案electricelectricity6.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix，Idestroyedeachofmytoy.答案toytoys7.We，aswellasanimal，cannotlivewithoutwaterandneitheragriculturenorindustrycangowithoutit.答案animalanimals,答案,8.InearlyJanuarythisyear，therateofUFOreportswassteady，aroundthreeperweeks.答案weeksweek9.Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthemorningandwasalwayslateforwork.答案troublestrouble10.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.答案luggagesluggage,答案,.语法填空A(名词专练)BornonAugust23,1988inAmerica，JeremyShuHowLinisaprofessionalbasketball1.(play)withtheHustonRockets2.theNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA).But，tosomedegree，manyChinesefansand3.(coach)takehimasaChineseguyoratleastarewillingtoimaginehim4.ChinesejustbecausehehasatypicalChinesefaceandhisparentswereborninChina.,player,of,coaches,a,答案,JeremyLinhasrecentlybecome5.successandattractedtheworlds6.(attend)，whichgivesChinesepeoplealotof7.(imagine)andpride.Asweknow，inmost8.(people)eyes，Jeremyisamiracle.InJune,2012，whenJeremytookhisthirdtriptoChina，alargecrowdcametomeethim，amongwhomtherewerevariousfansincludingsome9.(family)，somechildrenandevensome10.(woman)players.,a,attention,imagination,peoples,families,women,答案,BChinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren,11.(give)upitsdecades-longone-childpolicy，theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)12.(announce)afterakeymeetingonThursday.Thechangeofpolicyisintendedtobalancepopulationdevelopmentandmeetthechallengeofanagingpopulation，accordingtoacommuniqu(公报)13.(issue)aftertheFifthPlenarySessionofthe18thCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)CentralCommitteeheldfromMondaytoThursday.,giving,announced,issued,答案,Theproposalmustbeapprovedbythetoplegislature(立法机关)14.itcomesintoforce.Chinasfamilyplanningpolicywasfirstintroducedinthelate1970s15.(control)therapid16.(grow)ofpopulationbylimitingmosturbancouples17.onechild，andastoruralcouples，theycanhavetwochildrenonconditionthattheirfirstchildbornwasagirl.Thepolicywaslaterrelaxed.Parents18.werebothonlychildrenintheirfamilycouldhave19.secondchild.,before,tocontrol,growth,to,who/that,a,答案,Theone-childpolicywas20.(far)loosenedinNovember2013aftertheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee，andcouplesareallowedtohavetwochildrenifoneofthemisanonlychild.,further,答案,返回,
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