定语从句(2012年高考英语语法辅导).ppt

2012年北京高考英语语法辅导,定语从句,定语从句的基础知识如何辨别考题中的定语从句定语从句方法。,定义：复合句中，修饰、限定后面名词和代词的从句，相当于一个形容词，在句子中起定语作用,概念:Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate.先行词关系词定语从句,原则：a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词，翻译成“的”；b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导；c.关系词在定语从句中充当一种句子成分。,关系词,关系代词：that,who,whom,whose,which,as,关系副词：when,where,why,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,能,不能,.的,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,逗号隔开,定语从句,-修饰名词,Thisisabook.,Thisismybook.,Thisisaninterestingbook.,词-定语-名词前（前置）,Thisisabook.,Ilikethebook.,这是我喜欢的书。,ThisisthebookIlike,thebook,.,首选我啊,that,我喜欢我昨天买的书。,Ilikethebook,that,thebook,Ibought,yesterday.,that-关系代词-连接定语从句-代替从句中的宾语,我昨天买的书很有趣。,Thebookisinteresting.,Iboughtthebookyesterday.,ThebookIbought,that,thebook,这是我放进嘴里的那根手指头。,Thisisthefinger.,Iputthefingerintomymouth.,ThisisthefingerIput,that,thefinger,你干刚才见到的那个人是我们的物理教师。,Themanisourphysicsteacher.,Youmetthemanjustnow.,Themanyoumet,that,theman,yesterday,isinteresting.,intomymouth.,justnow,isourphysicsteacher.,那个教他们英语的老师是Tom的父亲。,TheteacherteachesthemEnglish.,TheteacherisTomsfather.,Theteacher,theteacher,that,那个站在教室前面的男孩是Tom.,TheboyisTom.,that,that-关系代词-连接定语从句-代替从句中的主语,teachesthemEnglish,isstandinginthefrontoftheclassroom,theboy,isTomsfather.,他告诉我的消息是真的。,Thenews,hetoldme,thenews,that,他们住的房子很小。,Thehouse,theylivein,thehouse,that,关系代词,that,主语、宾语,人、物,who,主语、宾语,人,whom,人,宾语,which,主语、宾语,物,小结,istrue.,issmall.,句子-定语-名词后（后置）,Whose-关系代词-连接定语从句-代替从句中的定语,Helivedinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.,人的、物的,1.who/whom/that作宾语可省略,2.如介词提前只能用whom不能用who且不能省略,Theman(whom/who/that)IspoketoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomIspokeisProfessorLi.towho/that,Thisisthemountain(that/which)Itoldyouabout.,1.that/which指物，作宾语可省略,2.介词提前时只能用which不能用that且不能省略。,Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.,这是我去年参观的工厂。,Thisisthefactory,Ivisited,thefactory,that,Iworkedthefactorylastyear.,错,Iworkedinthefactorylastyear.,这是我去年工作的工厂。,ThisisthefactoryIworked,in,ThisisthefactoryIworkedlastyear.,where,这是他住的房子。,Thisisthehouse,thathelivesin.,Thisisthehouse,wherehelives.,thefactory,that,lastyear.,lastyear.,IjoinedtheLeagueonJune1.,我仍然记得（我）入团的那一天。,Istillremembertheday,IjoinedtheLeague.,when,IstillrememberthedayImethim.,when,我仍然记得见到他的那一天。,我忘不了我们一起度过的那段时光。,1.Iwillneverforgetthetime_wespenttogether.,我忘不了我们一起工作的那段时光。,2.Iwillneverforgetthetime_weworkedtogether.,(A.thatB.whichC.when),that,when,thetime,duringthetime,这是他们去年建的旅馆。,Thisisthehoteltheybuiltlastyear.,that,这是他们去年住的旅馆。,Thisisthehoteltheystayedatlastyear.,that,(A.whichB.thatC.where),Thisisthehoteltheystayedlastyear.,where,Hewentbacktothetownhewasborn.,where,Theplacewespentourholidayswasreallybeautiful.,where,他回到出生的城镇。,我们度假的地方很美。,小结,when-连接定语从句-代替从句中的时间状语,where-连接定语从句-代替从句中的地点状语,why-连接定语从句-代替从句中的原因状语,Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.,which有时代替的是整个句子的意思，放在主句后面。,Hecamelate,whichmadethemanagerveryangry.,as可代表整个句子的意思。可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。,Hestudiesveryhard,asweallknow.,Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.,关系副词,唯“我”独尊,that,Youmustdoeverything_Ido.,先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,everything,something,nothing,anything等。,2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。,3)先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。,4)先行词既有人又有物。,Ihavelostthepen,_Ilikedverymuch.,非“我”莫属,which,1)非限定性定语从句一般用逗号把主，从句分开。,2)介词后面。,Thisisourschool,infrontofwhichgrowmanytrees.,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,5.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that,介词+关系代词,1.指人:_指物:_,2.选择恰当的介词,whom,which,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.2.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.3.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntarrivedyet?,about,on,for,talkabout,ontheday,forthereason,补全法,1.介词与定语从句中的动词词成搭配,2.介词与先行词形成搭配,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_thereisawell（井）?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom3.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.inwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich4.Alecaskedthepoliceman_heworkedtocontacthimwhentherewasanaccident.(上海02)A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom,1.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_thefamouswriterwasborn.A.inthatB.whereC.whenD.onwhich,2.Doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstmet?A.thatB.onthatC.whereD.when,3.Ishallneverforgetthosedays_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers.(上海94)A.that.B.when.C.which.D.when.,一、正确选择定语从句的引导词,1、关系代词和关系副词的基本用法,从句中作主语、宾语、定语,that,which,who,whom,whose,as-关系代词,从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因）,when,where,why-关系副词,2、以that引导的定语从句,二、考查非限制性定语从句及which在非限制性定语从句中的应用,(1)Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.itC.whichD.that,(2)Ihavemanyfriends,_somearebusinessmen.(2005全国)A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom,三、考查as在定语从句中的用法及其与which的区别,1、as引导非限制性定语从句,(1)_isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,(2)_ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It,注意：as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有。as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、之后、插在主句中，而which引导的从句不能放在句首。,常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：,asissaid=itissaidthatasweexpectedasisknowntoallasweplanedasoftenhappensasweallcanseeasisreportedinthenewspaperasisshowninPicture2asmaybeimagined,2、as引导限制性定语从句,构成suchas,thesameas,asas,soas等结构。,(1)Helivesinthesamebuildingaswedo.,(2)Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudo.,(3)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_peopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which,注意：suchas与suchthat的区别,注意：thesameas与thesamethat的区别。,ThisisthesamewatchasIlostyesterday.,thesameas指的是类似物,ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday.,thesamethat指的是同一物。,（1）TherearetwoboysinPeters，bothof_arewhite（2）TherearetwoboysinPeters，andbothof_arewhite,（1）Thiskindofplantgrowsbestattheplaces_itiswarmandwet（2）Thiskindofplantgrowsbest_itiswarmandwet,（1）Johnisoneofthestudentswho_English（2）Johnistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_English（3）Oneofthestudents_English。,定语从句易混淆句型训练,inwhich,know,knows,knows,where,whom,them,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,which,why/forwhich,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,一、考查“介词+关系代词”的用法,(1)Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.forwhomD.towhom,(2)IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30,_manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime,二、考查带有“插入语”的定语从句,(1)Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis,三、考查固定搭配中宾语提前的定语从句,(1)Yourfamilyarereallyverykind.Illneverforgetthe_youvedoneme.A.favourB.kindnessC.helpD.deed,(2)The_hetooktogathermaterialsforusmovedusalot.A.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.effort,(3)Thatsthebestwaywecouldthinkof_thedyingworker.A.saveB.savedC.savingD.tosave,(4)Youcantimaginethegreattroublewehavehad_thisflatforyou.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout,(5)Ilayinsofa,enjoyingthebeautifulmusicTomhad_outofhisDVD.A.comeB.itcomeC.comingD.itcoming,四、考查考生的抗干扰能力(谓语或动词形式）,(1)Witheverythingsheneeded_,shewenthomehappily.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy,(2)Imexaminingthecompositionhehasjustfinished_anypossiblemistakesinit.A.correctB.correctedC.correctingD.tocorrect,(3)ThepersonDrJohnsonisspeakingto_usatalkoncomputersyesterday.A.giveB.gaveC.givingD.given,(4)Thedaywehavelongbeenlookingforwardto_atlast.A.comeB.cameC.comingD.hascome,(5)Thestudentwhosbeenreferredto_forwardtogoingabroadforfurthereducation.A.lookB.looksC.lookingD.havinglooked,(6)Lincolnsstepmotherdideveryshecould_gethimmorebooks.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.tohelp,(7)TheplaceIusedtogo_justrightforapicnicA.isB.wasC.tobeD.tois,(8)Myparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycan_surethatIgetagoodeducation.A.makeB.madeC.makingD.tomake,(9)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup,(10)Hisuncle,thoughnotveryrich,spentallhehad_himanewcomputer.A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.tohavebought,五、考查定语从句与其他相关句型的区别,1、考查定语从句与并列句的区别,ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while,2、考查定语从句与状语从句的区别,3、考查定语从句与名词性从句的区别,4、考查定语从句与强调句的区别,六、全国2004-2005年各地市高考题练习,(1)-Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?-Thereisnooneelse_,isthere?(北京05)A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn,(2)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_effectsthepeoplestillsuffering.(天津05)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what,(3).Iwalkedinthegarden,_TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(辽宁05)A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that,(4).Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(浙江05)A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it,(5)-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenofferto?-Right,justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(福建05)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what,(7)Thestudentsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildwillbesuccessfulinthejobs_theyarebeingtrained.(江西05)A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich,(6)Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,_hestudiedhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudentsUnion.(湖北05)A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime,(8)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_itwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.(安徽05)A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that,(9)Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(江苏05)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich,(10).Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(广东05)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that,(12)TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.(全国04I)A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich,(13)Thereweredirtymarksonthetrousers_shehadwipedherhands.(全国04II)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that,(14)Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,_fivearemine.(全国04III)A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich,(15)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.(全国04IV)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich,