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LanguageinUse,1Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinbracketsandthesuffix-antor-ancy,2Answerthequestionsandcheckwithyourdictionaryifnecessary,3Rewritethesentencesusingbythetime,4Rewritethesentencesusingasif/asthough,5TranslatethesentencesintoChinese,6TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish,1Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinbracketsandthesuffix-antor-ancy.1About800,000illegal_entertheUSeveryyear.(immigrate)2Shesaysherdreamistobeoneofthe_onaTVrealityshowlike“BigBrother”.(contest)3Iwanttogetajobasateacher,buttherearentmany_atthemoment.(vacant)4Ihaveafriendwhorunsamanagement_inLondon.(consult),LanguageinUse,immigrants,contestants,vacancies,consultancy,5Thetriallastedthreedays,duringwhichtimethe_neveropenedhermouth.(defend)6Melcantmakehismindupaboutanything.His_isabitworrying.(hesitant)7Idontknowthewayoutofthebuilding.Perhapsyoushouldaskthe_overthere.(attend)8Anormal_lastsforabout40weeks.(pregnant)9Heworkedasan_headteacherfortwoyearsbeforecominghere.(assist),LanguageinUse,defendant,hesitancy,attendant,pregnancy,assistant,2Answerthequestionsandcheckwithyourdictionaryifnecessary.1Whathappensifyoudontunderstandsomethingproperly?Youmisunderstandit.2Whathaveyoudonewithsomethingifitsinthewrongplace?Youhavemisplacedit.3Whatistheoppositeofgoodfortune?Itismisfortune.,LanguageinUse,4Ifyouhavemadeanincorrectjudgementofsomeonescharacter,whathaveyoudone?Youhavemadeamisjudgement.5Ifyouhavenotbeencorrectlyinformedaboutsomething,whathashappened?Youhavebeenmisinformedaboutit.,LanguageinUse,3Rewritethesentencesusingbythetime.1Iarrivedattheparty.Almosteveryonehadalreadyleft.BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,almosteveryonehadalreadyleft.2Attheageoftwo,childrenknowabout100words.Bythetimechildrenaretwo,theyhaveknownabout100words.3Intheendherealizedwhatwashappening,butitwastoolatetoaskforhelp.Bythetimeherealizedwhatwashappening,ithadbeentoolatetoaskforhelp.,LanguageinUse,4WhenIfinallygotmydegree,mostofmyfriendsalreadyhadjobs.BythetimeIfinallygotmydegree,mostofmyfriendshadalreadyhadjobs.5Childrenlearnalotofusefulskillsbeforetheyleaveprimaryschool.Bythetimetheyleaveprimaryschool,childrenhavelearntalotofusefulskills.6Courtneyfinishedwritingtheessay.Thedeadlinehadalreadypassed.BythetimeCourtneyfinishedwritingtheessay,thedeadlinehadalreadypassed.,LanguageinUse,4Rewritethesentencesusingasif/asthough.1Ididntmakethemistake,buttheoldmanshoutedatme.Theoldmanshoutedatme,asif/asthoughitweremewhohadmadethemistake.2Thegirldidntfallover,butshestartedcrying.Thegirlstartedcrying,asif/asthoughitwereshewhohadfallenover.,LanguageinUse,3ItwasntLucysparty,butshestoodatthedoorwelcomingeveryone.Lucystoodatthedoorwelcomingeveryone,asif/asthoughitwereherparty.4Davidwasntmakingthenoise,butSylviaclosedthedoorofhisroom.SylviaclosedthedoorofDavidsroom,asif/asthoughitwerehimthatwasmakingthenoise.,LanguageinUse,5TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1Suchmotormimicry,asitiscalled,istheoriginaltechnicalsenseofthewordempathyasitwasfirstusedinthe1920sbyE.B.Titchener,anAmericanpsychologist.Titchenerstheorywasthatempathystemmedfromasortofphysicalimitationofthedistressofanother,whichthenevokesthesamefeelingsinoneself.,LanguageinUse,这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是：同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。,第一句较复杂，应先弄清句子的主干，再根据各限定语的逻辑关系，按照汉语的语序来译。）,2Hesoughtawordthatwouldbedistinctfromsympathy,whichcanbefeltforthegeneralplightofanotherwithnosharingwhateverofwhatthatotherpersonisfeeling.Motormimicryfadesfromtoddlersrepertoireataroundtwoandahalfyears,atwhichpointtheyrealizethatsomeoneelsespainisdifferentfromtheirown,andarebetterabletocomfortthem.,LanguageinUse,他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。,第一句中which引导的定语从句较长，因此可将整个句子译成两个分句，且有必要重复“同情”一词。第二句宜将主语“运动神经模仿行为”改作宾语，以“小孩子”作主语，使译文前后主语一致。,3Ialsolovethesplit-secondshockedexpressiononthenewpeople,thehastysmilesandtheirbestimitationsofwhattheythinkofastheir“normalfaces”.IftheydotheritualwellenoughIturnmyheadeversoslightlyandtuckmyhairbehindoneofmyears,whicheveronesclosertothem.,LanguageinUse,我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常脸色”。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。,应注意split-second,ofwhattheythink,everso,whichever等的译法，尽量译得简短通顺。,4“Imostlyjustreadlipsbecauseitwaseasiertopickupthansigning,althoughthatsnottheonlyreasonIwasstaringatyourlips,”Itoldhim.Helaughed.Wetalkedmore,andthenthehostuppedthemusicvolumeanddimmedthelightsforthe“dancefloor”,andIhadtoleaninmuch,muchclosertobeabletocontinuereadinghislipsinthesemi-darkness.AndreadhislipsIdid.,LanguageinUse,我告诉他说：“我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来，主人放大音乐的音量，调暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多，以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。,这句话中的readhislips在不同的地方意思稍有不同，翻译时应注意区别。,6TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish.1一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。(themoment;wellup)ThemomentIsawthoseoldphotosinthedrawer,tearswelledupinmyeyes,formymemorywentbacktothedayswhenIlivedhappilywithmygrandparents,myparentsandmybrothersandsisters.,LanguageinUse,2有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。(divergefrom;approach;confuseover;tuneout)Whenastudentslippedonapoolofwaterandfellover,peoplesreactiondivergedfromoneanother.Someapproachedcaringlytoseeifhewashurtandiftheycouldhelp;somejuststoodthereconfusingoverwhattodoaboutit;whileothersjusttunedout.,LanguageinUse,3上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找,可是哪儿也找不到。(dotheusual;donothingbut;failtodo)LastSaturdaymorning,Ididtheusualandwentshoppinginthesupermarket.WhenIwasabouttoopenthedoorofmycar,IfoundthatIdidnothavemywalletonme.Icoulddonothingbutgobackhomeinsearchofit,butIfailedtofinditanywhere.,LanguageinUse,4我上小学二年级的时候，我们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆红色的遥控车。我们大家只有羡慕的份，却不能也去买一辆，因为那种遥控车很贵，而且还是在香港买的，那时候在我们看来香港和纽约一样遥不可及。(couldonly;asfaras)WhenIwasasecondgrader,oneofmyclassmatesgotaredradio-controlledtoycarasabirthdaygift.Therestofuscouldonlyadmire,butcouldnotimitate,becausethecarwasexpensiveandwasboughtinHongKong,aplacewhichseemedtousasfarawayasNewYorkatthattime.,LanguageinUse,
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