翻译基础8英语长句的处理(翻译).ppt

EnglishLongSentences英语长句的翻译,Week10,StudentsPresentation公示语的翻译MethodsofTranslatingLongEnglishSentencesAttributiveClausesHomeworkexercises,TeachingOutline,PublicSign,老弱病残孕专座CourtesySeats顾客止步EmployeesOnly闲人免进StaffOnly未经许可车辆不得入内AuthorizedCarsOnly,小草有生命，脚下请留情,1)Littlegrasshaslife,pleasewatchyourstep.2)Pleasegivemeachancetogrow.3)Grassgrowsinsilence.Pleaseleaveitalone.Stayoffthegrass!,除了脚印什么都不要留下，除了记忆什么都不要带走。,Leavingnothingbutyourfootprint;takeawaynothingbutyourmemories.Keepoffthegrass!,花木多可爱，请您别伤害！,Kindlysparethelovelyplants.Keepoffthegrass!,身在绿海中，防火记心中！,Whilelivinginthetrees,rememberingPreventingfire!Nofire!/Noburning!,友情提示：注意安全请勿攀爬,Attentionplease:BeAwareofSecurityNoClimbingDanger!Noclimbing!,警方提醒：贵重物品请随身携带，妥善保管，请勿存放车内,PoliceReminding:Pleasetakeyourvaluablewithyouandputtheminsafekeeping.Pleasetakethevaluablewithyouandputtheminsafekeeping.,乾隆皇帝弘历HonglitheEmperorofQianlongHongli,EmperorQianlong隐居撰写wroteinasecludewayliveinseclusionandwritesecludeoneselffromsociety,定语从句的翻译AttributiveClauses,I.AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAttributive.II.TranslationofRestrictiveAttributiveClausesIII.TranslatingNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClausesIV.AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbials,I.AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseAttributiveStructures,Thisisthecat.这就是那只猫。Thisisthecatthatkilledtherat.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecake.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehouse.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。ThisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。,II.TranslationofRestrictiveAttributiveClauses,Combination:把从句译为带“的”的定语短语，放在被修饰词前，将复合句译成汉语单句。又称“前置法”。Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。Intheroomwheretheelectroniccomputeriskept,theremustbenodustatall.在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点儿灰尘。,2.Division,如果从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往译成后置的并列分句。可以译成并列分句，重复英语先行词，如：Betweenthesetwotinyparticles,theprotonandtheelectron,thereisapowerfulattractionthatisalwayspresentbetweennegativeandpositiveelectriccharges.在质子和电子这两个微粒之间有一个很大的吸引力，而这个吸引力总是存在于正负电荷之间。还可以译成并列分句，省略英语先行词，如：Newtoninventedapaperlanternilluminatedbyacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermornings.牛顿发明了一只点蜡烛的纸灯笼，在昏暗朦胧的冬天早晨上学时带着照路。,2.Division,Hemanagedtoraiseacropof200miracletomatoesthatweightuptotwopoundseach.他种出了200个大得惊人的西红柿，每个重达两磅。Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。,3.Mixture,溶合法是把原句中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立的句子的一种翻译方法。（Therebe结构句子往往这样处理）Thereweremeninthatcrowdwhohadstoodthereeverydayforamonth.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。Fortunately,therearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。Therearesomemetalswhichpossesthepowertoconductelectricityandtheabilitytobemagnetized.某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化。Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoseethefilm.许多人要看这部电影。,3.Mixture,还有一些定语从句，译成汉语时可将英语主句压缩成汉语词组作主语，而把定语从句译成谓语，溶合成一个句子。“Weareanationthatmustbegtostayalive,”saidaforeigneconomist.一位外国经济学家说道，“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。”Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。Goodclockshavependulumswhichareautomaticallycompensatedfortemperaturechanges.好的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的误差。,III.TranslatingNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClauses,1.在译文中把原文从句后置，重复关系词所代表的汉译，译成并列分句。ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的兄弟.Thisisacollegeofscienceandtechnology,thestudentsofwhicharetrainedtobeengineersorscientists.这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程师或科学工作者。,2.前置法：一些较短的具有描写性的从句也可译成带“的”的前置短语，放在被修饰词前面,Transistors,whicharesmallinsize,canmakepreviouslylargeandbulkyradioslightandsmall.采用体积较小的晶体管可以使先前那种大而笨的收音机变得又轻又小。Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor.整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了.Theemphasiswashelpedbythespeakersmouth,whichwaswide,thinandhardset.讲话人那又阔又薄又紧绷绷的嘴巴，帮助他加强了语气。ButMiggleslaugh,whichwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了静默。,3.译成独立句,Onetimetherewasaviolentthunderstorm,theworstIhadeverseen,whichobscuredmyobjective.有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。,IV.AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbials,1.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofCause2.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofResult3.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofConcession4.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClauseofCondition5.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofPurpose,1.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofCause,Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.我们知道,由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看的很清楚。Youmustgrasptheconceptof“work”whichisveryimportantinphysics.你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。,2.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofResult,Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢。Copper,whichisusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity,offersverylittleresistance.铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。,3.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofConcession,Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要.Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,cannotcarryoutcreativeworkandreplaceman.尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人。,4.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClauseofCondition,Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。Foranymachinewhoseinputandoutputforcesareknown,itsmechanicaladvantagecanbecalculated.对于任何机器来说，如果知其输入力和输出力，就能求出其机械效率。,5.TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofPurpose,Theyhavebuiltupanewcollegehere,wherestudentswillbetrainedtobeengineersandscientists.他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养科技人才Illtrytogetanillustrateddictionarydealingwithtechnicalterms,whichwillenablemetotranslatescientificliteraturemoreexactly.我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典，以便把科学文献译得更准确。,Referencesforfurtherstudy,英汉互译实践与技巧unit9,名词性从句unit10,定语从句unit11状语从句英汉翻译基础教程第四单元（p46-56）,一、名词性从句,1.TheKingdeclared,“Whoevermakesmydaughterlaughshallmarryher.”国王宣称：“谁要是能把我女儿逗乐了，就可以娶她做妻子。”2.ItwasinvainthattheoldladyaskedherifshewasawareshewasspeakingtoMissPinkerton.老太太问她明白不明白她是在对平克顿小姐说话，但这是白费心血。3.IwasclearthathewasgoingtomeetMissCarrandwantedtobealone.很清楚，他是去看卡尔小姐了，所以要一个人去。,4.Aprincipleofsciencetellswhatusuallyhappensundercertainconditions.科学原理告诉我们在一定条件下所会发生的事情。5.Irepliedthattheyhadneverbroughtupthesubjectinconversation.我回答说，在谈话中，他们从没有提到这个问题。6.Shehadexplainedthatinterviewsweretheonlywaytokeepthecaseinpublicconsciousness.她曾解释道，接见记者是使公众不至忘却这桩案件的唯一办法。,7.ThefactisthattheoldladybelievedRebeccatobethemeekestcreatureintheworld.事实是，老太太以为丽贝卡是天下最驯良的小家伙8.“IfIhaveseenfartherthanotherman,itisbecauseIhavestoodontheshouldersofgiants.”(Newton)“假如我比别人望得远了一点，这是因为我已站在巨人的肩上。”（牛顿）9.Weknowthefactthatbodiespossessweight.我们知道物体具有重量这个事实。10.Themeetingwastotakeplaceatahotel,theParkHotelonNanjingRoad.会议在一个酒店内举行南京路国际饭店。,二、试译下列定语从句,11.Thosewhosacrificethemselvesforthepeoplescausearetherealheroesofhistory.（前置法）为人民事业牺牲自己的人是历史上真正的英雄。12.Hewasnotateasewiththosewhomadediplomacytheirprofession,particularlyambassadors.（前置法）他同那班以外交为职业的人特别是大使们合不来。13.Thegreatinviolateplacehadtheancientpermanencewhichtheseacannotclaim.(后置法)这块没经骚扰过的伟大地区有着自古以来永远不变的性质，这种性质连大海都不能跟它相比。,14.Hemadethesoundofsympathywhichcomessoreadilyfromthosewhohaveanindependentincome.(后置法)他发出了同情之声，这种同情声是那些有独立收入的人最容易脱口而出的。15.Therehasneverbeenamanaroundmewhowrotesomanymemos.(溶合法)在我周围的人中从没有一个象他那样写过那么多的备忘录。16.Theambassador,whohadlongbeeninterestedinAsianaffairs,wasflattered.（前置法）早就对亚洲事务感兴趣的那个大使，不禁受宠若惊。,17.IknewthatJohnwouldtellhismother,whowouldprobablytellMary.(后置法)我知道约翰准会告诉他妈妈，他妈妈多半又会说给玛丽听。18.HetooktheideatoAdmiralKing,wholikeditandorderedasecretstudymadetoseeifitcouldbedone.(后置法)他把这种想法向金将军上将汇报，金将军对这想法很感兴趣，命令进行秘密研究，看看是否可行。19.Nevertheless,theproblemwassolvedsuccessfully,whichshowedthatthecomputationswereaccurate.(独立句)不过问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算机很准确。20.Ihadaproblem,whichbecameclearlyobviousjustasIwastoappearatthemeeting.(译成独立句)我遇到了一个问题。当我就要出席会议时，这个问题越发明显了。,三、将下列具有状语功能的定语从句译成各种相对应的汉语偏正复句：,1.Hedidnotrememberhisfatherwhodiedwhenhewasthreeyearsold.他三岁就死了父亲，所以记不起他父亲了。2.Heinsistedonbuyinganothercoat,whichhehadnousefor.他坚持要再买一件上衣，虽然他并不用得着。3.Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractpublicattentionthematter.他想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。,4.Anyonewhothinksthatrationalknowledgeneednotbederivedfromperceptualknowledgeisanidealist.如果译为理性认识可以不从感性认识得来，他就是一个唯心论者。5.Thosewhoareinfavourpleaseholduptheirhands.如果赞成，就请举手。,四、试译下列状语从句,1.Whenthewarstarted,shesoongotcaughtupinsomeverydifferentactivities.战争一爆发，她很快就卷进了一些迥然不同的活动中去。2.Wehadbarelydroppedofftosleepwhenthedoorbellbegantoring.我们刚要合眼入睡时，门铃就开始响起来了。3.Theywereobviouslydoingtherightthing,andshewoulddefendthem,whateveranyonesaid.显然他们这样做是对的；不管谁怎么说，她也要为他们辩护。,4.Shehadalwaystakenthatforgrantedascorrectbehavior,howevermuchitwentagainstthethingsyouweretold.她总认为这是一种正当的行为，不管你所听到的是怎样不同。5.Probablyhehadstoodthereforsometime,becausetheashofhiscigarwasdiscoveredonthegroundnearthegate.他可能曾在那里站过一会儿，因为门口地上发现了他的雪茄烟灰。,五、段落,最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向，这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司，很少有人到研究单位。在崇尚物质的社会里，这是一个不可避免的问题。一方面，学生还没有走出校门，大公司便在竞相聘用他们，向他们提供具有诱惑力的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面，由于许多大企业，甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益，而相对来说，对长期的理论研究不感兴趣。所以研究人员不断地从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。一你为在那里工作就比在研究领域里好找，工资也往往高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观，而且还影响教育，许多大学老师哀叹，现在单纯为了学知识而学习的人越来越少了。,