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安徽专版,新课标（RJ）,语法专题（十四）复合句,PARTTWO,第二篇语法突破篇,【中考考点】（1）宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。（2）宾语从句的简化形式。（3）状语从句中连词的选择和时态。（4）关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。（5）关系代词的特殊用法。,考点一引导词,1.在that引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。Theradiosays（that）itwillraintomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。2.连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how,where,why,when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,从句改用陈述语序。Couldyoutellmetoyou?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?,whathesaid,3.whether或if引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语从句时,从句改用陈述语序。IwonderyouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。注意下列几种情况中,宾语从句的引导词通常使用whether:（1）具有选择意义且又有or或ornot,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,通常用whether。（2）介词之后用whether。（3）不定式前用whether。,if/whether,考点二时态,1.当主句为现在时态时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Irememberhemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。HehastoldmethatheforNewYorktomorrow.他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。2.当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。WeaskedwhatJeanwasdoingthen.我们问琼那时正在做什么。3.当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。Lisaaskedwhetherlightfasterthansound.莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。,gave,willleave,travels/goes,考点三语序,1.陈述句改为宾语从句时,语序不变。Heisagoodchild.Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid（that）hewasagoodchild.老师说他是个好孩子。,2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,语序改为陈述语序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.Iwonderif/whether.我想知道他工作是否努力。Whendidheleave?Idontknow.Idontknowwhenheleft.我不知道他是什么时候离开的。【注意】宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。IdontknowwhatIshouldsay.Idontknowwhat.我不知道要说什么。,tosay,heworkshard,考点一状语从句的分类,1.时间状语从句引导词有when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,notuntil,assoonas等。Whenhecomesback,Illgiveyouacall.他回来时,我会给你打电话的。Theydidntstopuntiltheyfinishedthework.他们直到完成工作才停下来。IllringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。,2.原因状语从句引导词有because,since,as等。Ididntgo,becauseIwasafraid.我没去,因为我害怕。Sinceyouarefreetoday,youdbettertakeagoodrest.既然你今天有空,你最好好好休息。3.条件状语从句引导词有if,unless,aslongas等。Ifitrains,Illgobycar.如果下雨,我就乘小汽车去。Youcannotsucceedunlessyouworkhard.如果你不努力学习,你是不会成功的。,4.结果状语从句引导词有sothat,suchthat等。Itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldntseetheroad.雨下得如此大,以至于我们看不见路。5.让步状语从句引导词有though,eventhough/if,although,nomatter+疑问词等。Eventhough/ifyousayso,Idonotbelieveit.即使你这么说,我也不信。6.目的状语从句引导词有sothat,inorderthat等。IneedtogetupearlysothatIcancatchtheearlybus.我需要早起,以便我能赶上早班车。,7.方式状语从句引导词有asif/though,as等。Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown-up.那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。8.地点状语从句引导词有where,wherever等。Whereverhegoes,healwaysbringshispetdog.无论他去哪里,他总是带着他的宠物狗。9.比较状语从句引导词有than,asas,notas/soas等。CarolspeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo.卡萝尔英语说得和你一样好。,考点二主句与从句时态一致的问题,在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列三种情况:1.主现从现:若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.过马路时要小心。Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelights.当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。,turn/arered,2.主将从现:主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenItime.当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。Ifsheheretomorrow,Iwillgototheparkwithher.如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。3.过去时态:若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。MymotherwascookingwhenIgothomeyesterday.昨天我到家时,我妈妈正在做饭。,have,comes,考点三宾语从句和状语从句同时出现,Idontknowif（是否）hewillcome.If（如果）hecomes,Iwilltellhimabouttheaccident.我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。Idontknowwhen（什么时候）hewillcometomorrow.When（当的时候）hecomes,Iwilltellhimaboutthenews.我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这则消息。,考点一关系代词的基本用法,考点二关系代词的特殊用法,1.下列情况关系词只能用that（1）先行词为不定代词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等时。All（that）youhavetodoistopracticeeveryday.你必须要做的就是每天练习。Thereisntmuch（that）Icando.我能做的不多。（2）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。Thefirstlesson（that）Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。Thisisthebestfilm（that）Ihaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。（3）先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时。Ihavereadallthebooks（that）yougaveme.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。,（4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时。ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。ThisistheverybookIwanttoread.这就是我想看的那本书。（5）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?站在那边的那个人是谁?Whichofusthatknowsomethingaboutphysicsdoesntknowthis?在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个?,that,（6）先行词既有人又有物时。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingswecouldremember.我们谈论了我们所能记得起的人和事。（7）time作先行词且前面有序数词或last修饰时,定语从句用that来引导（that可省略）。Thisisthelasttime（that）Ishallgiveyoualesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课了。Thefirsttime（that）Isawhimwasin2016.我第一次见到他是在2016年。,that,2.下列情况只能用which（1）关系代词作介词的宾语时,用“介词+which”结构。Thisisthebookforyouask.这是你要的书。（2）引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本我已经读了三遍的小说很感人。,which,考点三关系副词的用法,1.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.我仍然记得第一次来北京的那一天。2.where在句中作状语,表示地点。ThisisthefactoryIworkedtwoyearsago.这就是我两年前工作的那家工厂。3.why在句中作状语,表示原因。Iknowthereasonhecamelate.我知道他来晚的原因。,when,where,why,1.2007安徽Mrs.Browncouldntfindherpurse.Shedidntremember.A.whoseitwasB.whereitwasC.whatitwasD.whenitwas2.2009安徽YoucantimaginewhenthepupilsreceivedthesenicepresentsonChildrensDay.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited3.2014安徽Itssolate.Whynotwritethereporttomorrow?ButIdontknowIcandoitifnotnow.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where4.2016安徽Lookatthestonebridge!Doyouknowitwasbuilt?Inthe1860s.Itisquiteold.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why,B,B,B,A,5.2017安徽DoyouknowAnngoestoworkeveryday?Usuallybyunderground.A.whyB.howC.whenD.whether6.2018安徽IwonderJanegetsonsowellwithherclassmates.Becauseshealwayscaresmuchaboutothers.A.whetherB.howC.whenD.why,B,5.B根据答语可知,问者问的是Ann的上班方式。故选B。,D,7.2018长丰三模IcantdecideIshouldparkmycar.Youdbetterparkitinfrontofthebuilding.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why8.2018滁州一模Tim,Iwanttoknowyouaregoingtodowiththemagazine.Oh,Ihaventdecidedyet.A.howB.whatC.whyD.where,C,7.C考查宾语从句的引导词。根据答语可知他不确定停车的地点,应用引导词where。故选C。,B,9.2018明光一模Look!Somepeoplearerunningtheredlights.Weshouldwaitothersarebreakingtherule.A.ifB.althoughC.unlessD.because10.2018芜湖期中Youdbettertakeamapwithyouyouwontgetlost.A.aslongasB.asifC.sothatD.nowthat11.2018明光二模Howdoyoulikemeetingan“e-friend”alone?Youdbetternot,somethingdangerousmayhappentoyou.A.orB.andC.butD.because,B,C,D,12.2018马鞍山期末Shallwegoonapicnicthisweekend?Icantagreemorethereisaheavyrainorotherbadweather.A.althoughB.ifC.untilD.unless13.2018太和一模ThepolicemanhascaughtthethiefstoleMr.Liswallet.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which,D,12.Dalthough尽管;if如果;until到为止;unless除非,如果不。结合语境理解可知,此句是一个unless引导的条件状语从句。故选D。,B,14.2018淮北模拟JourneytotheWestisabookinfluencesteenagersalot.Itisverypopular.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what15.2018合肥一模Doyouknowthemanunderthetree?Dontyouknowhim?Heistheyoungmansavedthegirloutofwateryesterday!A.whenB.whichC.whomD.who16.2018明光一模Studyingingroupsisapopularwaycandevelopstudentscreativeability.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which,C,D,D,17.2018阜阳二模Thisisthebestschoolwevisitedlastyear.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.which18.2018安庆一模Thesmallriverrunsthroughourvillagebroughtuslotsofpleasuremanyyearsago.Itismywarmmemory.A.whoB.whenC.whereD.that,A,D,见Word资源语法专题14复合句,
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