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语法专题（十二）简单句,PARTTWO,第二篇语法突破篇,【中考考点】（1）陈述句的概念及其结构变化。（2）疑问句的分类及其答语。（3）感叹句的结构及感叹引导词what和how的正确使用。（4）therebe句型的基本用法。（5）连词成句。,考点一陈述句,陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。1.陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型（1）主语+系动词+表语Englishisveryeasy.英语很容易。Helookstired.他看上去累了。（2）主语+不及物动词Thestudentsworkveryhard.学生们学习很努力。（3）主语+及物动词+宾语Shelikestheflowers.她喜欢这些花。Dadboughtacar.父亲买了一辆小汽车。,（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（间接宾语是人,直接宾语是物）注意带双宾语的及物动词,如果直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,间接宾语前必须加to或for,构成“主语+及物动语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”句型。“七给”（give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand）和“一带”（bring）,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加to;buy,draw,make在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加for。Shesentmeapresent.=Shesentapresentme.她给我寄了一份礼物。Myfatherboughtmeabike.=Myfatherboughtabikeme.我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。,to,for,【巧学妙记】带双宾语的及物动词口诀:“七给”“一带”“to”不少,“买”“画”“制作”“for”来了。（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Theteacheraskedthestudentstolistencarefullyinclass.老师要求学生们上课认真听讲。,2.陈述句的否定句式（1）be动词+not（2）情态动词/助动词+not+动词原形Ididntgetupatsixoclockthismorning.今天早上六点我没有起床。（3）no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,neithernor,none等词构成否定句。Icanhardlybelievehisstory.我几乎不相信他的故事。（4）think,believe,suppose等词的否定前移的用法。Idontthinkhewillcometomorrow.我认为他明天不会来。（5）“tooto”句型本身具有否定的含义。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小,还不能去上学。,考点二疑问句,1.一般疑问句（1）一般疑问句主要有三种结构:Be+主语+其他?助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?（2）一般疑问句的回答用yes或者no。（3）否定疑问句的答语否定疑问句通常以“be动词/情态动词/助动词+not”的缩写形式开头,表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语形式和汉语表达习惯不同。Arentyouastudent?你不是一名学生吗?/不,我是。/是的,我不是。,Yes,Iam,No,Iamnot.,2.特殊疑问句常见的疑问代词有what,which,who,whom,whose;常见的疑问副词有when,where,why,how。特殊疑问句的一般语序为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。注意如果特殊疑问词在特殊疑问句中作主语,此特殊疑问句要用陈述语序。3.选择疑问句选择疑问句有两种:“一般疑问句+备选项”和“特殊疑问句+备选项”。Wouldyoulikesomejuiceortea?你想要些果汁还是茶?Neither.都不要。Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?你想要哪样,茶还是咖啡?,考点三感叹句,abeautifulfloweritis!它是一朵多么漂亮的花啊!goodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!finetheweatheris!多么好的天气呀!fastJimruns!吉姆跑得多么快啊!timeflies!时光飞逝!,What,What,How,How,How,【巧学妙记】感叹句,并不难,what,how放句前;名词词组跟what,how与形副紧相连。,考点四祈使句,Haveagoodholiday!（祝你）假日愉快!Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.当你过马路时要当心。Letshavearest.让我们休息一下吧。Noparking!禁止停车!,考点五therebe句型,therebe句型表示“某处有某物”,主语是be动词后面的名词。be动词必须和后面的主语保持人称和数的一致。如果有两个或两个以上的主语时,be动词遵循“就近一致”原则,即与邻近的主语保持一致。其常见结构为:There+be+主语+地点.arivernearourschool.我们学校附近有一条河。arulerandtwopencilsonthedesk.课桌上有一把尺子和两支铅笔。,Thereis,Thereis,A2018河北1.it,outside,hot,is?2.ontime,to,remember,arrive.3.forlunch,we,what,do,have?4.acupof,Lucy,me,tea,brought.5.your,beautiful,are,how,kites!,Isithotoutside,Remembertoarriveontime,Whatdowehaveforlunch,Lucybroughtmeacupoftea,Howbeautifulyourkitesare,B2017河北6.birthday,is,gift,what,your?7.you,us,can,ride,give,a?8.five,inourgroup,there,students,are.9.helps,a,good,you,education,succeed.10.I,takeawalk,think,after,we,supper,should.,Whatisyourbirthdaygift,Canyougiveusaride,Therearefivestudentsinourgroup,Agoodeducationhelpsyousucceed,Ithinkweshouldtakeawalkaftersupper,C2016河北改编11.picture,is,the,new,third.12.it,I,yesterday,drew.13.underthetree,some,thereare,children.14.thatman,among,lookat,them.15.popular,a,is,singer,he.,Thethirdpictureisnew,Idrewityesterday/YesterdayIdrewit,Therearesomechildrenunderthetree,Lookatthatmanamongthem,Heisapopularsinger,D2015河北改编16.I,wenton,yesterday,atrip.17.it,my,was,schooltrip,first.18.we,happily,sang,ontheway.19.interestingactivities,many,therewere.20.what,we,a,wonderful,time,had!,Iwentonatripyesterday/YesterdayIwentonatrip,Itwasmyfirstschooltrip,Wesanghappilyontheway/Onthewaywesanghappily,Thereweremanyinterestingactivities,Whatawonderfultimewehad,E2014河北改编21.night,did,last,rain,it?22.your,what,is,shirt,size?23.gift,him,birthday,gave,a,I.24.flowers,what,are,beautiful,they!25.tennis,a,Nancy,twice,week,play.,Diditrainlastnight,Whatsizeisyourshirt,Igavehimabirthdaygift,Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare,Nancyplaystennistwiceaweek,F2013河北26.do,a,have,you,ruler?27.nice,the,taste,noodles.28.far,the,how,museum,is?29.pens,those,her,pass,black.30.match,a,now,be,TV,football,there,on.,Doyouhavearuler,Thenoodlestastenice,Howfaristhemuseum,Passherthoseblackpens,ThereisafootballmatchonTVnow/NowthereisafootballmatchonTV,
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