高考英语二轮复习 第1部分 提升语法运用 第11讲 构词法

第十一讲 构词法1(2016高考全国甲卷语法填空)Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (achieve)2(2016高考全国丙卷语法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.3(2016高考全国乙卷短文改错)Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady. 4(2016高考全国丙卷短文改错)At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. 5(2016高考全国丙卷短文改错)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. 6(2015高考全国卷语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.7(2015高考全国卷语法填空)As (nature)architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.8(2015高考全国卷语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people.9(2015高考广东卷语法填空) (lucky)，he also had a cow which looked almost abandoned.10(2014高考全国卷语法填空)The river was so polluted that it (actual)caught fire and burned.11(2014高考全国卷语法填空)While there are (amaze)stories of instant transformation，.12(2014高考全国卷语法填空)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers (sudden)became friendly to one another.13(2014高考辽宁卷语法填空)I cant control my body well.My legs become (pain)14(2013高考广东卷语法填空)That would be a very (reason)thing to do in a big city.15(2013高考广东卷语法填空)But such a small thing couldnt (possible)destroy a village.答案：1.achievement2.development3.steadysteadily4.freelyfree5.wearwearing6.slowly7.natural8.regularly9.Luckily10.actually11.amazing12suddenly13.painful14.reasonable15.possibly1常考前缀(1)表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis，mis，un，il，im，in，ir，non，anti：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop等。(2)形容词变动词的前缀en：ableenable；largeenlarge，richenrich等。(3)其他：inter相互，over超过，re重新，ex以前的，super超，vice副：interaction，overweight，reuse，exhusband，supernatural，vicechairman。2常考后缀(1)形容词ly变成副词：realreally，angryangrily，possiblepossibly等。(2)动词或名词变成形容词的后缀able，ful，ous，y，al，ible，ive，ary：naturenatural，useuseful，continuecontinuous，healthhealthy等。(3)动词变名词的后缀al，ance，ence，tion，ssion，ment，ture，y：arrivearrival，appearappearance，existexistence，inviteinvitation等。(4)形容词变名词的后缀cy，dom，ence，th，age，ty，ity：fluentfluence，wisewisdom，silentsilence，growgrowth，safesafety等。(5)表示人的后缀er，or，ist，ee，ess，ese，an，ian，ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician，servant等。(6)表示否定的后缀less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless等。(7)形容词变动词的后缀en，fy：broadbroaden，classclassify等。(8)名词变动词的后缀ize：apologyapologize等。3转化法(1)名词动词：back n背vt.支持，seat n座vt.容纳。(2)动词名词：walktake a walk，surveymake a survey。(3)形容词动词：slow adj.慢的v.减慢。4合成法(1)名词名词名词：classroom，teamwork，newspaper。(2)形容词名词名词：blackboard，highway。(3)副词名词名词：overcoat，underground，outbreak。(4)副词动词动词：update，overlook。(5)名词动词动词：sunbathe，proofread。(6)名词分词形容词：manmade，handmade，peacekeeping。(7)形容词分词形容词：goodlooking。.单句语法填空1Mary was very at the news，so she looked at her husband，her eyes full of .(sad)2He football very well and he was one of the best in yesterdays football match.(play)3Look！How Kate is laughing！She seems to be the girl in the world.(happy)4To our ，the headmaster was very with our report.(satisfy)5Edison was a great During his life he had many (invent)6I should my task and make it to finish it.(simple)7The boy having the of being half starved ，never to be seen again.(appear)8The police the pot and a plot against the President.(cover)9You are so to help me.Thank you for your (kindly)10Everything is becoming than before and many college students have to work to make some money for their college (expend)11Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world，but there have been only a few (play)who are (true)great.12Many people have the (acknowledge)that environmental protection is a must.However，few of them take any (act)on this movement.13When the residents expressed their (encourage)to the (courage)boy，he showed a (determine)look.14 (rude)is never acceptable.Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont (recognition)you.15On my (arrive)at my destination，I was greeted with (smile)faces and treated like a queen.16However，most (science)agree that EQ has a lot to do with (educate)17Excellent oral and written (communicate)skills in Chinese and English are of (important)18His shout frightened the boys.The shout was and the boys felt (frighten)19His look suggested that he knew nothing about it.(surprise)20The story sounds and we are in the story.(interest)答案：1.sad；sadly；sadness2.played；players3.happily；happiest4.satisfaction；satisfied5.inventor；inventions6.simplify；simple7.appearance；disappeared8.discovered；uncovered9.kind；kindness10.more expensive；expenses11.players；truly12.acknowledgement；action13.encouragements；courageous；determined14.Rudeness；recognize15.arrival；smiling16.scientists；education17.communication；importance18.frightening；frightening；frightened19.surprised20.interesting；interested.单句改错1A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved. 2The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion. 3Its surprised what people will do for money. 4When facing danger，one should keep calmly. 5Are you being completely honesty about your feelings? 6I was thrilling to be invited. 7Hopeful，well arrive before dark. 8I felt extreme upset，and I couldnt believe my mother refused to help the animal. 9Was she telling me the true or trying to cheat me? 10In this increasingly competitive world，we are supposed to enrich ourselves constant to keep in pace with the modern society. 答案：1.understandunderstanding2.actuallyactual3.surprisedsurprising4.calmlycalm5.honestyhonest6.thrillingthrilled7.HopefulHopefully8extremeextremely9.truetruth10.constantconstantly.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2016江西南昌模拟)Lionel Messi，1. player from the South American country Argentina，is one of the greatest soccer players alive today.At a young age，he 2. (move) to Spain and now plays 3. (profession)for the FC Barcelona.Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team 4. (own)by his father.Even as a young boy，he did very well.But when he was 11 years old，he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much 5. (tall)There was a way to help him grow more，6. his parents did not have enough money to pay for his medical needs.So，they looked around for a soccer club 7. would be able to do this for them.The clubs in Argentina couldnt help him，but the famous FC Barcelona in Spain offered 8. (accept)Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.The Messi family happily took the offer and moved to Spain.In the FC Barcelona，Messi was one of the best 9. (play)through his teen years.10. his incredible talent，Messi has surprised the world.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了著名足球运动员Lionel Messi的成长故事。1解析：a。考查冠词。player是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰。2解析：moved。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“At a young age”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。3解析：professionally。考查词性转换。此处用professionally修饰动词plays。4解析：owned。考查非谓语动词。own和a small soccer team构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。5解析：taller。考查形容词比较级。much/far/any等副词往往修饰形容词或副词的比较级，根据语境可知，此处用taller。6解析：but。考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用转折连词but。7解析：that/which。考查定语从句。that或which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a soccer club。8解析：to accept。考查非谓语动词。此处是固定用法offer to do sth，不定式短语作宾语，符合语境。9解析：players。考查词性转换。根据提示the best和代词one可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。10解析：With。考查介词。此处用with表示“具备，有”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词，符合语境。.短文改错Someone asks me what on the earth happiness means？I cant give you the exactly definition of it，but Im sure if you love and help others，youll get it.Ill never forget an old lady.She lives a small house alone.Its said that her husband and her son were died in a traffic accident.How bitter her life is！But the old lady often helped others with a smile.Wherever it snows，she is always the first to clean the paths.She looks after several children living nearby.I am one of those.I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile.Perhaps she is lucky，but I think she is a happy person.Her life full of laughter and love.答案：Someone asks me what on earth happiness means？I cant give you the definition of it，but Im sure if you love and help others，youll get it.Ill never forget an old lady.She lives a small house alone.Its said that her husband and her son died in a traffic accident.How bitter her life is！But the old lady often others with a smile. it snows，she is always the first to clean the paths.She looks after several children living nearby.I am one of .I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile.Perhaps she is ，but I think she is a happy person.Her life,is) full of laughter and love.阅读提升A阅读下列句子，写出黑体单词的词义。1The flight was already fully booked. 2She was freed from prison last week. 3You dont need to shoulder the blame for this failure. 4We will try our best to better our living conditions. 5(2014高考全国卷变式)Within a short time，however，the burden of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. 答案：1.预订2.释放3.承担，肩负4.改善5.负担；传，移交B阅读下列句子，写出黑体单词的意思并指出词根。如：Unlike his son，the old dislike big cities. 不像； 不喜欢； like1(2015高考全国卷改编)Stonehenge is one of the worlds most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5，000 years. 2(2014高考全国卷改编)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. 3(2014高考全国卷改编)Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. 4(2014高考全国卷改编)In my free time，I will continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games. 5Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 答案：1.出名的；fame；史前的；history2难以置信的；believe3成功的；success4各种各样的；vary5绝望的；hope；感激的；thankC大声地反复朗读下列短文，留意领悟画线黑体部分。思考：下面的单词有什么特点？各种前缀如何用？各种前缀表示什么意思？单词加了前缀后词性有没有变化？John and his father never agree on one thing，so they often disapprove1of each other，for there was some misunderstanding2between them.Once，John and his parents went to his aunts home for dinner.When they left after dinner，John said“Byebye！”to his aunt in a low voice.However，his father didnt hear it and he thought John misbehaved3 himself for it was impolite4 to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it，but his father didnt listen to him.From then on，John was unfriendly5 to his father，which made his father extremely unhappy6Undoubtedly7，it is unwise8 of John to do so.After all，they are father and son.His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich9 his knowledge of manners，which his father believed would enable10 him to be a goodmannered boy.Johns father said he was angry at his sons dishonesty11，which would certainly endanger12 his future.His fathers nonstop13 nonsense caused John much discomfort14John had to go to the class.Later on，he did everything against his fathers will.约翰和父亲总有分歧，所以他们经常不赞同对方的想法，因为他们之间有一些误会。一次，约翰和父母去姑姑家吃饭。晚饭后当他们离开时，约翰小声对姑姑说“再见”！然而，他的父亲没听到，他认为约翰不懂规矩，不告而别是非常不礼貌的。约翰坚持说他确实说了，但他父亲不听。从此，约翰对父亲很不友善，这使他的父亲非常不高兴。毫无疑问，约翰这样做是不明智的。毕竟，他们是父子。他的父亲把他送去上礼仪班以丰富他的礼仪知识，父亲认为这样做会使他成为一个懂礼貌的男孩。约翰的父亲说对于儿子的不诚实他感到很生气，他的不诚实当然会危及他的未来。父亲不间断的唠叨让约翰很不舒服。约翰不得不去上课。此后，他总是和父亲对着干。构词法