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江苏丹阳市2017高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（二）【阅读理解】Arthur Miller(19152005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary, drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.Millers most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.本文讲述了亚瑟米勒，美国著名的剧作家，以及他的著名的戏剧男售货员之死，当这部戏剧第一次搬上舞台时，赢得了巨大的成功，获得了三项大奖。1. Why did Arthur Miller s father move to the USA?A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist.D. His family business failed.答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第一段第二句话“Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the Great American Dream”可知答案。2The play Death of a Salesman _.A. exposes the cruelty of the American business worldB. discusses the ways to get promoted in a companyC. talks about the business career of Arthur MillerD. focuses on the skills in doing business答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第三、四句话可知，Willy Loman已陷入美国社会制度的困境中，他已精疲力尽，在这残酷的商业世界中，他不知道应该怎样做，最后，他选择了自杀。由此可知A项正确。3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner Company.C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.答案：C。推理判断题。由短文第二段可知，Willy Loman在这残酷的商业世界中，根本没有情感可言，但是他又不能对不起他的雇主和公司，他又不知道如何处理自己的失败，只有选择自杀，由此可知他是美国社会制度的牺牲品。4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman_.A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony AwardC. was warmly welcomed by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists答案：A。细节理解题。由短文第三段可知，戏剧Death of a Salesman第一次搬上舞台，就赢得了三项大奖，故A项正确。5. What is the text mainly about?A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won.C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his bestknown play.答案：D。主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要讲述了亚瑟米勒及他的名著Death of a Salesman，故D项正确。2016高考英语*阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。I want to talk about the economyNot the economy we hear about endlessly in the news each day and in politicians speechesI want to talk about the real economy, the one we live in day by dayMost people arent particularly interested in the economyShare prices are flying high; interest rates are soaring(令人伤心的）; the Dow Jones Index closed sixty-three points down on 847235 We hear this and subconsciously switch off Notice that the economy is not the same as the economy, The economy is what men in suits play with to make vast personal wealthThe economy is where the rest of us live on a daily basis, earning our living, paying our taxes, and purchasing the necessities of life We are supposed to be benefiting from all the advantages of a well-off societySo why do we feel tired and stressed? We have no time for anything other than work, which is ridiculous given the number of labor-saving devices in our livesOur towns become more and more crowdedWe poison our air and seas, and our food is full of chemicalsTheres something wrong hereIf times were truly good, then you may think wed all feel optimistic about the futureYet the majority of us are deeply worriedMore than 90 percent of us think we are too concerned about ourselves and not concerned enough about future generations The term economic expansion suggests something desirable, but expansion simply means spending more moneyMore spending doesnt mean that life is getting better. We all know it often means the opposite - greed, crime, poverty, pollution. More spending merely feeds our whole economic system, which is based on production and consumption. Unless money keeps circulating, the economy breaks down. If we dont keep consuming, the whole system goes into stalemate（僵局）How do we break the cycle and make some changes? We need to become far more aware of the results of our actions. We buy clothes that are made in sweat shops by virtual slaves in poor parts of the world. We create mountains of waste. We demand cheap food, mindless of the fact that it totally lacks taste and is produced using chemicals that poison the land The consumption（消费） culture makes us unaware of the effect of our own behavior. Our main problem is not that we dont know what to do about it. It is gathering the desire to do it12According to the author, which one belongs to the real economy? AThe Dow Jones Index BIncreases in interest rates CShopping in a supermarketDSkyrocketing share prices13It can be concluded from Paragraph 4 that Apeople are benefiting from a well-off society Bthe future generation is a big concern for most people Cthe majority of people are optimistic about the future Dpeople still feel much pressure despite labor-saving devices14What is true about economic expansion? AIt may lead to some social problems BIt guarantees a better life for us CIt will stop the circulation of money DIt has only brought desirable effects15.The author writes the passage mainly to Asuggest a solution for over-consumption Bcall on us to change our behavior Cmake a distinction between two economies Dinform us of the effects of economic expansion参考答案12-15 CDAB社会生活类 “Everyone is entitled（有权） to their opinion is a remark commonly heard in our society. We value free speech and the rights of the individual. The private preferences we keep, as long as they do not bother with the rights and freedoms of others, are ours to do with as we wish.Children learn this central principle early on and soon become expert at using it effectively to suit their own purposes. The phrase well, its just my opinion can act as a get-out clause which avoids further questioning or the need to give an explanation. A student may well prefer to put up a brick wall and so avoid the difficult task of providing a justification（正当的理由） for their view.They know the holy position freedom of speech holds for all of us and they know the taboo（禁忌）around challenging the opinions of others when they do not produce unfavorable effects on anyone else.This can make things hard for the teacher. We want to promote tolerance and respect in our classrooms and give young people a sense: this is how one ought to behave. Yet, we are also seeking to develop reasoning and critical thinking. To some extent, there is an idea that peoples views carry equal weight because all individuals ought to be treated equally. Treating peopleequally is different from treating what they say with equal weight, though. We need to make clear to students that the right to ones opinions does not ignore the need to support them with argument when called to do so.Justification is the signal difference between opinion and argument. Opinions are stated;arguments are advanced. Opinions are given; arguments are proposed. When we ask a student to explain themselves, we are asking them to give us something that will lend evidence to what they have said. We are asking them to convince us, to persuade us, to show us the reasonableness of what it is they are saying.64. According to Paragraph 2, if you offer a get-out clause, you may.A. fall into a difficult situationB. escape being questionedC. raise your social positionD. have to further explain your opinion65. The teacher may find it hard to.A. put up a brick wall to avoid giving acceptable reasonsB. challenge the opinions of others to have a deep effect on themC. encourage tolerance and respect while developing reasoning and critical thinkingD. tell the differences between opinion and argument66. The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 refers to .A. studentsB. teachersC. needsD. opinions67. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Everyone is entitled to their opinionB. Never bother with the rights of othersC. “Its just my opinion isnt good enoughD. Treat what people say equally【参考答案】2. 64-67 BCDC 社会生活类 In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”, John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) , this is not true of absolute needs.Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands. Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.By placing the desire to be superior to other at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.64. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?A. They want to show their superiority.B. They find specialty important to meals.C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.65. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Understanding.B. Increase. C. Difference.D. Study.66. The author of the passage argues that _.A. absolute needs have no limitsB. demands for quality are not insatiableC. human desires influence ideas of qualityD. relative needs decide most of our spending【参考答案】3.64-66 DBA 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014模拟】阅读理解 Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Charles Dickens novel A Tale of Two Cities is set in the years before and during the French Revolution (1789 - 1799). During its course, French revolutionaries brought down the empire and established a republic of free and equal citizens. In reading the work, one sees that Dickens distorted some details of the French Revolution. At the beginning, Dickens notes that, in 1775, France was busy spending money. This mention of Frances spending touches briefly on what is perhaps the major cause of the French Revolution. Before the revolution, the government often borrowed money because it spent more than it raised in taxes. The increased spending and borrowing made many peoples blood boil, yet Dickens focused instead on the nobilitys oppression and exploitation of the working class, including peasants, as the causes of the revolution.The Marquis, one of the books characters, ill-treats and kills many people. Thus, he represents the nobles who mistreat the lower classes. One reviewer criticized this picture as an unfair representation of French society in the mid-1700s. The reviewer pointed out that the government would have punished nobles who mistreated or murdered. Nobles may have been guilty of other evils, however, such as not feeding the starving masses after bad weather ruined crops in 1789. Dickens account of the storming of the Bastille fails to mention that the gang that stormed the prison was looking for bullets and bombs to use in defense against a possible attack by the kings troops. Dickens does include some accurate details, however, such as the crowds finding only seven prisoners and freeing them and the packs executing (处决) the prison administrator and sticking his head on a post. The scene that the women knit (编织) as they watch the executions may seem to be an odd detail, but actually many women did knit stockings for the war effort as they watched the killing machine at work. Dickens descriptions of the steady stream of sentenced people into prison and the carts taking them to their deaths give readers some idea of the frequency with which officials jailed and executed people during the Rule of Terror, which lasted about a year. During the Terror, the government jailed about 250 thousand people, tried (审判) and killed about 17 thousand, and executed about 12 thousand without a trial. Those executed included people who opposed the revolution, people who offended the revolutionaries, and even some revolutionaries. About 15 percent were members of the ministry or nobility. 74.What does the word “distorted” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Discussed.B. Revealed.C. Provided.D. Twisted.75.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. A wild crowd rushed into the Bastille to fight with the royal soldiers.B. The nobles mistreating and killing people is the main cause of the revolution.C. About thirty thousand people lost their lives in the course of the Rule of Terror. D. Women were forced to work for the war supplies while watching people killed.76.What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dickens was once among the revolutionaries storming the Bastille.B. There was an extreme disorder and horror during the revolution.C. Nobles of those days in France were loaded with heavy social responsibilities.D. Classic literary works may serve as history textbooks to a great degree. 77.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Collapse of the French Empire B. Unknown Facts during the Rule of TerrorC. Dickens Description of the French RevolutionD. A Critical View on A Tale of Two Cities【参考答案】74-77 DCBD
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