高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练（二）151

湖南宁乡县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解训练阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Once, the Paiter-Surui tribe(部落)lived a happy life in the heart of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. But after the tribes first meeting with Westerners several decades ago, they were nearly wiped out; diseases brought by outsiders reduced the Suruis numbers from 5, 000 to about 250. Today, some 1, 300 tribe people live in 23 villages across 600, 000 acres. Though they are as likely to wear T-shirts and jeans as feathered headdresses, the Surui are determined to preserve and protect the tribal culture of their homeland. Now they are under threat again, from illegal logging and deforestation(滥伐), but this time its different. The Surui have put aside their bows and arrows and taken up a new weapon: the Internet. The tribe people learned to use the Web from their leader, Chief Almir Narayamoga. “We decided to use computers and technology to bring attention to our situation, ”says Narayamoga, 36. The first in his tribe to attend college, Chief Narayamoga learned how to use computers at the Federal University of Gois in Goinia, a city of 1. 2 million. In 2007, he fled the Surui homeland after his fight against loggers who placed a $100, 000 reward on his head. He traveled to the United States and paid a visit to Google headquarters in California. He came armed with a big idea. Narayamogas visit to Google was considered a great success. And Google sent teams to the Amazon to train the Surui in using computers, cameras, and smart phones to photograph logging sites, which could be pinpointed using GPS technology and then uploaded to Google Earth. The Surui have now mapped the entire reserve and recorded the biodiversity and the rainforest within it. 【文章大意】本文主要讲了巴西土著居民正在利用因特网让世人知道他们的处境, 并开始保护他们的家园。1. What caused the population of the Amazon tribe to reduce greatly? A. The change of their lifestyles. B. Deforestation. C. Diseases. D. Fighting. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句可知, 由外来者带来的疾病导致土著人口剧减。2. Chief Narayamoga fled his homeland because. A. he owed a large debtB. the loggers wanted to kill himC. he wanted to learn computersD. he failed to fight against logging【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知, 酋长逃离家乡的原因是伐木者悬赏捉拿他并置他于死地。3. What kind of idea did Chief Narayamoga have after he returned to his homeland? A. He could ask the US government for help. B. He could negotiate with the loggers. C. He could save their land with the Internet. D. He could make a map of their land. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。联系文章最后两段可知, 酋长从美国回来, 开始用“谷歌”搜索和全球定位技术来引发世人关注, 从而利用社会舆论来保护自己的家园, 由此可知C项正确。4. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Deforestation has been stopped in Amazon. B. Narayamogas efforts are paying off. C. The Internet is still something new to the tribe people. D. Logging has been stopped due to the use of GPS technology. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章最后一段说明, 酋长的美国之行获得了成功, 现在土著民族正运用高科技来测量自己的领地, 由此推断, 他们的努力正在获得回报。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Limit the use of private cars, improve public transport and encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion(拥挤) during the 2008 Olympics, experts from foreign countries advised Beijing on Friday. Professor Nigel Wilson, of the civil and environmental engineering department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said he was supportive to the limiting of private cars during the Olympic Games, saying that in foreign countries, the method is also adopted during big events, but he was unsure about the approach. The government planned to keep an average of more than one million cars off the roads to improve traffic flow during the Olympics, said Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Committee, at the China Planning Network First Urban Transportation Congress. Sharing Wilsons view, Dr. Yoshitsugu Hayashi, dean of the Graduate School of Environmental Studies of Nagoya University, believed the reduction in car use should be achieved not by banning, but through incentives. Drivers who dont use their private cars could be given points, he said, and the points could be exchanged for goods from online shopping. Wetzel stressed limiting the use of company cars. Governmental officials should also be encouraged to use public transportation or ride bicycles, he said, adding that he himself is a bicycle-rider in London. Matthew Martimo, director of Traffic Engineering with Citilabs, said the bicycle was Chinas advantage. Limiting private cars is an idea worth trying but it is just a temporary solution, he said. The real cause of congestion is high density of people in Beijing and many have cars. Beijing, with a population of 15 million, is home to more than three million automobiles, and the number is rising by 1,000 a day. Professor Wilson said the Olympic Games was a great opportunity for Beijing to think about traffic problems and develop transportation, adding that the city had already been making public transport more efficient. Beijing has promised to stretch its 114-kilometer city railway to 200 kilometers before the opening of the Olympic Games. “We are looking forward to borrowing Beijings experiences and drawing from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics,” said Wetzel.16. The underlined word incentives in paragraph 4 means_. A. something that encourages people to tryB. online shopping C. points could be exchanged for goodsD. award17. It can be seen from the passage that _. A. the government planned to forbid over 1 million cars to run on the roads during the Olympics. B. banning private cars is the best way to solve traffic congestion in Beijing C. Beijing now has 200 kilometers of city railway D. the use of company cars will not be limited18. Why did Wetzel stress “ he himself is a bicycle-rider in London”? A. To limit the use of company cars. B. To encourage governmental officials to use public transportation or ride bicycles. C. To show that riding bicycles is good for health. D. To show that he loves riding bicycles.19. Which of the following may be the reason for the traffic congestion in Beijing? A. The 2008 Beijing Olympic games. B. The number of cars in Beijing is rising by 1,000 a day. C. The large population in Beijing and the large number of cars. D. Public transport in Beijing is not efficient.20. The purpose of the passage is _. A. to limit the use of private cars, improve public transport B. to encourage the use of bicycles to control traffic congestion during the 2008 Olympics C. to borrow Beijings experiences and draw from its lessons in preparation for the 2012 Olympics D. to tell the advice given by foreign experts on traffic congestion during 2008 Beijing Olympics 全解全析本文报道了外国专家对解决2008北京奥运会交通拥挤问题所提出的一些建议。A 词义猜测题。由下面两行可知答案。A 细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知答案。B 推理判断题。他以自己为例子就是鼓励政府官员多用公共交通工具或多骑自行车。C 推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段可知答案。D 推理判断题。文章第一段就是文章的主旨。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2014第一轮质检试题】 Nelson Mandela was a figure of international fame，and many details of his life and career were public knowledgeBut here are some things you may not have known about him In his youth，Mandela enjoyed boxingEven during the 27 years he spent in prison，he would exercise every morning“I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of itBoxing is equalI never did any real fighting after I entered politicsMy main interest was in training，”he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom Among the memorabilia in the Mandela Family Museum in Soweto，visitors call find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard. Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying,gave him an English nameNelsonin accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian names Rolihlahla is not a common name in South AfricaIt means“troublemaker”His circumcision name was Dalibunga，meaning“founder of the Bunga” However,in South Africa,Mr Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族)nameMadibawhich South Africans used out of respect After going underground because of his ANC activities，Mr Mandelas ability to evade(躲避)the securities services earned him the nickname“the black Pimpernel”，after the novel The Scarlet Pimpernel，about a hero with a secret identityA fake(伪造的)passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr Mandela.He had disguised himself as a driver，a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authoritiesMr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939，failing about half the courseshe tookIn August 1952，he and Oliver Tambo established South Africas first black law firm，Mandela and Tambo，in JohannesburgHe persevered to finally secure a law degree while in prison in 1989 41Why did Nelson Mandela become a boxing fan?AHe enjoyed the violence of boxing BHe wanted to take the championshipCHe desired to enjoy the training DHe hoped to find a better job42Which of the following is true of Mandelas name?AHis original name was not NelsonBHis parents gave him the nameNelsonCRolihlahla is a popular name in South AfricaDMadiba was his Christian name43What made people call Mr Mandela“the black Pimpernel”?AHis ability to escape from being caughtBHis underground activities in ANCCHis pressure given by the authoritiesDThe novels hero with a secret identity44Mr Mandela made a fake passport to_Atravel around the country Bescape from the authoritiesCdisguise himself as an actor Dgo abroad easily45What can we learn from the last paragraph?AIt took Mr Mandela over fifty years to get a law degreeBMr Mandela set up South Africas first law firmCMr Mandela got his law degree after being released from prisonDMr Mandela was a determined person【参考答案】41-0-45、CAABD 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community. As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals many of which were built in the nineteenth century provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.1 We can know from the first paragraph that _.A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybodyB. people didnt have to pay for health care since the NHS was set upC. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers2 What do we know about the NHS?A. Its managed by the central government.B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.3. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they _.A. take care of the local peoples healthB. often take part in competitions to see who is the bestC. work under high pressure nowadaysD. have more responsibilities than before4 What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?A. sufferingB. different C. preventedD. free5. The biggest problem for the NHS is _.A. many hospitals are too old to be usedB. some services are in the charge of individualsC. more and more patients go to GPs for treatmentD. there is not enough money for further reform全解全析CCBDD国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，但由地方当局管理。建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，尤其儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。C。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知，建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理，而不是针对所有的人，所以前两项错误。C。细节理解题。根据第4自然段“The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe”可知。从第二自然段第一句可以看出国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责，但由地方当局管理，所以A项错误。B。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段话“and encouraging GPs to compete for patients”可知政府鼓励全科医生之间相互竞争，而不是让他们进行竞赛，看谁的医术高明。D。猜测词义题。前面提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病需要收费，再结合but一词可推断儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。D。细节理解题。根据最后一自然段最后一句可知。