高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解训练（三）16

四川洪雅县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解训练阅读理解训练 (2015陕西省西安地区八校联考三)Katie was in big trouble.She was such a sweet kid; a thirdgrade teacher always dreamed of having a classroom filled with Katies; she was never ever a discipline(纪律) problem. I just couldnt imagine why she had made her parents so angry.It seemed that Katie had been running up sizable charges in the lunchroom.Her parents explained that Katie brought a great homemade lunch each day, and there was no reason for her to buy school lunch. They assumed a sitdown with Katie would solve the problem, but failed.So they asked me to help them get to the bottom of this situation. So the next day, I asked Katie to my office.“Why are you charging lunches, Katie? What happened to your homemade lunch？” I asked. “I lose it，” she responded. I leaned back in my chair and said, “I dont believe you, Katie.” She didnt care.“Is someone stealing your lunch, Katie？” I took a new track. “No.I just lose it，” she said.Well, there was nothing else I could do.The problem was still unsolved the next week when I noticed a boy who was new to the school sitting alone at a lunch table. He always looked sad.I thought I would go and sit with him for a while.As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. The name on the bag said “ Katie ” .Now I understood and I talked to Katie.It seemed that the new boy never brought a lunch, and he wouldnt go to the lunch line for a free lunch.He had told Katie his secret and asked her not to tell anyone that his parents wanted him to get a free lunch at school. Katie asked me not to tell her parents, but I drove to her house that evening after I was sure that she was in bed. I had never seen parents so proud of their child.Katie didnt care that her parents and teacher were disappointed in her.But she cared about a little boy who was hungry and scared.Katie still buys lunch every day at school. And every day, as she heads out of the door, her mom hands her a delicious homemade lunch.文章大意：本文讲述的是Katie为了帮助一个挨饿的、恐惧的新生而要家里做的和学校里的两份午餐，虽然面对着老师和父母的误解，她依然帮助新同学。1What did the author think of Katie?AShe performed well at school.BShe was a girl filled with love.CShe often made trouble at school.DShe used to be a discipline problem.答案：A推理判断题。 根据文章第一段的a sweet kid和文中老师对她的爱戴可推断她在学校表现很好。故选A。2Why did Katie eat school lunch instead of her homemade lunch every day?AShe lost her homemade lunch.BShe had her homemade lunch stolen.CShe didnt like the taste of her homemade lunch.DShe gave her homemade lunch to a hungry boy.答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第四段的As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. The name on the bag said “ Katie ” 可知Katie将自己母亲给做的午餐让给了新同学。故选D。3What was Katies parents reaction to the truth about the lunch?AThey were very angry.BThey were proud of Katie.CThey were disappointed.DThey were rather upset.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的I had never seen parents so proud of their child推断她的母亲以她为自豪。故选B。4What can we learn from the passage?AKatie was informed that her parents had known her secret.BKatie told the author the truth of her lunch during their first talk.CKaties secret of lunch was discovered by the author by accident.DKatie stopped buying lunch at school after her secret was discovered.答案：C推理判断题。根据文中作者和Katie的约定排除A；根据文章第三段排除B；根据文章的最后一段排除D；根据文章的第四段可知作者偶然发现的Katie的秘密。故选C。科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012四川,E)改编Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测)in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting speciesreaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researchers of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study,published on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species,the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and floweringthat results from temperature increases,”the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900,and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far,efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels.1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?()A.Plants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientistsexpectation.C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that .A.plants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingB.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsC.scientists should improve the design of the experimentsD.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .A.they can prove the climate change clearlyB.they are very important in the food chainsC.they play a leading role in reducing global warmingD.they are growing and flowering much faster than before4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?()A.It has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.B.Its change will lead to weather extremes.C.It is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.D.It needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。温室效应已经影响了植物的生长类型,由于植物在食物链和生态系统中有着重要影响,科学家们正致力于研究其生长变化。答案及剖析:1.B主旨大意题。根据第一段Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change.可知本题应选择B项。2.C事实细节题。根据文章第五段最后一句话It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering.以及第七段The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict.可知本题应选择C项。3.B事实细节题。文章第四段最后一句They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains.由此可知本题选择B项。4.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段.beyond 2 this century-a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate.leading to drought,floods.可知必须将上升温度控制在2 以内才可能不会出现危险状况,故选择D项。【长难句子分析】 到目前为止,为减少导致全球变暖的温室气体排放的努力还不足以阻止地球在本世纪气温上升不超出2科学家认为这个数据会带来气候变化的危险,在这样的气候变化中,极端天气会经常发生,会导致干旱、洪涝、庄稼歉收和海平面上升。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省湛江市二模】As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell(魔咒).According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the worlds population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who dont delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent(过失的）in a society that thinks of swift action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.41.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _.A. procrastination is beneficial to many studentsB. many students are under great pressure in their studyC. lots of college students are working hard to write good articles on timeD. many students are getting into the habit of delaying finishing their tasks【答案】D 【解析】段落大意题。根据中心句Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.可知许多学生都有拖延完成任务的时间的习惯，故选D。42. According to the passage, procrastination probably refers to _.A. a bad habit B. a serious illness C. a difficult task D. a form of entertainment【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate,可知拖延是一种坏的习惯，故选A。43. Which of the following statements is WRONG?A. Procrastination makes people waste their time.B. Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.C. Swift action is considered as a moral standard in the society.D. Procrastination is common among people.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.拖延时间完成作业有可能因为时间紧，会出现更多的错误，选项B叙述的是拖延时间有可能完成 工作更好，这与原文不符，故选B。44. Which behavior belongs to procrastination?A. Never dream away the time.B. Always complete the tasks ahead of time.C. Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.D. Always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”.【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Procrastination is the thief of time拖延时间就是开始有任务时不做，等到自己感觉有好心情了，有好时机了在做，故选D。45. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Measures to deal with procrastination.B. Approaches to handling the study pressures.C. More examples to illustrate procrastination.D. Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.既然存在拖延时间的坏习惯，那么就应该采取措施处理这种坏习惯，故选A。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省增城市调研试题】Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A person who is physically fit will be able to walk or run without getting breathless and he or she will be able to carry out the activities of everyday living and will not need help. How much each person can do will depend on their age and whether they are a man or woman. A physically fit person usually has a normal weight for height. The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index. A taller person can be heavier and still be fit. If a person is too heavy or too thin for the height it may affect the health. Mental health refers to a persons emotional and psychological well-being. A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her thinking and emotional (feeling) abilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life. One way to think about mental health is by looking at how well a person functions. Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to bounce back, or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health.Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health. This is fixed by organized efforts and choices of society, public and private clubs, communities and individuals.It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person. Public health stops instead of encouraging a disease through surveillance (监督) of cases. To prevent being sick, it is good to do healthy behaviors, such as hand washing, vaccination programs and so on. When infectious diseases break out, washing hands may be especially important.26. What is the best title of the passage?A. Physical, Mental and Public HealthB. Something about HealthC. Importance of HealthD. Three healthy Lives【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题。根据Physical fitness refers to good health及Mental health refers to a persons emotional and psychological well-being.及Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health.这是主题句，分别叙述了身体健康，精神健康及公共卫生，故选A。27. What does “Body Mass Index” in Paragraph 1 consist of?A. Exercise, proper diet and nutritionB. Abilities, functions and demandsC. Recovery, independence and relationD. Height, weight and their relation.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index.可知身高体重及它们之间的关系，故选D。28. What are the signs of mental health?A. Living an independent life and suffer from hardships.B. Reducing normal levels of stress and handle bounce back. C. Increasing emotional demands and psychological well-being.D. Living an independent life and own good friends and family.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to bounce back, or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health.过着独立的生活拥有好朋友和家庭，故选D。29. Once Bird Flu takes place, that refers to _.A. the problem of physical healthB. the problem of public healthC. the problem of mental healthD. the importance of washing hands【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community及 It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person.公共健康不是指一个人的而是指一个社区或集体，禽流感的发生是由于公共健康的问题，故选B。30. What can promote your body health according to the passage?A. Family, society and individuals.B. Private clubs, communities and individuals.C. Regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition.D. Hand washing, vaccination and other healthy behaviors.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition,适当的锻炼，适量的饮食及营养能够促进身体健康，故选C。