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山西襄垣县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮训练【阅读理解】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people，say skeptics，spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “ecoguilt”brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book ，The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world”as fine. Of course ，another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborgs views are similar to those of some industryfunded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such onesided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)”A critical (批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become halfblind before a world partially exhibited by the media. Thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.本文讲述了怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境造成的危胁，认为地球状况是良好的，这迎合了一些追求利益的商业公司。但是关系地球健康的问题是相当重要的，人们一定要严肃对待。1. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”？A. People who agree on the popularity of “ecoguilt”B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第一段可知，怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境的影响。短文第二段第二句话中提到，他们认为世界的真正状态是好的，由此可知B项正确。2. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs book?ASome big businesses intend to protect their own interests. BThe book challenges views about the fine state of the world.CThe author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.DIndustryfunded media present confusing information.答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后一句话可知Lomborg的观点与一些由工业资助的组织的观点是相似的。因此可知这些大的组织为了自己的利益也不会注重环保。3. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to _.A. voice a different opinionB. find fault with Lomborgs book C. challenge the authority of the mediaD. point out the value of scientific views答案：A。推理判断题。第三段提到加拿大的一家报纸对Lomborg的书大加赞扬，第四段又提到这片面的观点应当受到挑战，然后说“Nature”杂志上就有不同的评论。由此可知A项正确。4. What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B. To warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.C. To blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.答案：D。作者意图题。由短文最后一段第二句话可知，媒体应当提供全方位的信息，让人们在了解情况的前提下做出决定。由此可知D项正确。【2014高考训练】Ask runners why they run and youll get a variety of answers; to stay healthy or to feel better. Some have an even bigger reason一to stay calm or out of prison. But Back on My Feet puts recovering addicts and the homeless on the road to a brighter future, starting with a simple step; attending group runs three tunes a week.At 5:30 a.m. on a hot July day, Back on My Feets Team Brooklyn gathered in a parking lot. After a round of hugs and some warm-up, the group of eight volunteers and seven residents(居民)set out on a run to nearby Prospect Park. Some ran three miles, some longer, but the goal for all was to finish as a teamIts helping me put my life back together, said Jimmy, a 58-year-old cancer survivor who was homeless and a former alcohol addict. “Its healthy. It makes me feel good inside,” adds Jimmy.Many are skeptical(怀疑的)about the idea of homeless runners, according to Anne Mahlum, who founded Back on My Feet in 2007 after starting a running club for men at a shelter near her Philadelphia home. They did want to run, and in just six years, Mahlums small running club has expanded to 10 cities around the country, and 388 active members.The only requirement for joining, besides wanting to, is insisting on at least 30 days.The first day we give them new shoes and Back on My Feet shirts, Mahlum says. “Then they run a mile the first day. And then gradually well encourage them to build goals. “After 30 days,residents gain access to services like financial aid,housing assistance and employment opportunities through Back on My Feets partners. In its first year, the New York chapter has seen 41 members obtain employment, 34 gain housing and 50 work in job-training programs.Thats not to say its always easy. “I wanted to quit. But then I started to push myself，”said Adel, 39, who began running in March. “Now I would love to run a 10-mile run. Or maybe a marathon one day, who knows. I ran this far, so why not?”50. Back on My Feet aims to help .A. people build a better future B. the homeless remain healthyC. the addicts quit their bad habits D. the prisoners get out of prison51. Members of Back on My Feet must .A. run on weekends B. run the same distanceC. attend group runs D. keep the same speed52. What great change happened to Adel after a period of running?A. He was more confident. B. He was much prouder.C. He was more addictive. D. He was more grateful.53. According to the author, Back on My Feet is .A. in need of money B. well-known around the worldC. meeting difficulty D. making progress【参考答案】5053 ACAD 【2014高考训练】Recently, the documentary(纪录片)“A Bite of China, which takes the fine foods as the theme, has beaten many TV series, becoming extremely popular on the microblog(微博)and turning into the hottest topic. Chinese people are proud of the great food culture of China and some even praise the documentary by saying that “it is a best video that arouses our great love of our country”.Produced by Chen Xiaoqing, an award-winning documentary maker, “A Bite of China” is filled with mouthwatering images of food ranging from royal cooking to local specialties. It focuses on the beautiful and simplified process of food making and attracts food lovers and ordinary audiences.“Television is filled with food these days, especially introductions by some professional cooks, even famous TV hosts. We also have some scenes of food-making, but how to create dishes is only one aspect of food culture,” Chen says. “The program tries to bring something new by presenting more cultural elements related to dishes, such as eating habits and eating principles,” be adds.Each series lasts 50 minutes. Every series will focus on different people, who will tell stories about their adventures with food. “A Bite of China” also focuses on social changes while presenting food cultures, such as the dispersion of families that leave the elderly in their hometowns while other members work outside. In such cases food serves as reminders of happy times and expectations of reunions.54.Which of the foliowing statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The documentary has many different characteristics.B. The documentary is not only about food making.C. The documentary also involves social problems.D. The documentary usually lasts fifty minutes.55.What does the underlined word “dispersion” probably mean?A. connection B. separationC. communication D. immigration56. The purpose of the passage is to A. attract more people to enjoy Chinese foodB. make people know more about Chinese foodC. introduce a popular TV programD. deal with some social problems【参考答案】5456 DBC 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省增城市调研试题】The best and worst part about being a twenty-something is that every decision you make can change the rest of your life. Once youre in your 30s or 40s, it gets harder and harder to reinvent yourself. So I made an interview with Dr. Meg Jay, the clinical psychologist. He explains why the twenties matter, and how to make the most of them. In Dr. Meg Jays opinion, our 20s are the defining decade of adulthood. 80% of lifes most important moments take place by about age 35. And 2/3 of lifetime wage growth happens during the first ten years of a career. More than half of Americans are married or are dating or living with their future partner by age 30. Personality can change more during our 20s than at any other decade in life. Female fertility(生育能力) peaks at 28. The brain caps off (结束) its last major growth. When it comes to adult development, 30 is not the new 20. Even if you do nothing, not making choices is a choice all the same. Dont be defined by what you didnt know or didnt do.On the other hand, I also ask him how the 20s track their progress toward their future goals and whether milestones like 21 and 30 are really important. Dr. Meg Jay think it absolutely important. Milestones-21, 25, 30, New Years, birthdays, reunions-are important because they cause self-reflection. What he mentioned are as follows: Am I where I wanted to be by this age? Did I do what I said I would do this year? If not, why not. And if not now, when? A 20-year-old girl who interviewed me recently told me about a question she was advised to ask herself as she moved through adulthood: If you keep living your life exactly as it is, where will you be in 3 years? If you dont like the answer, now is the time to change course.Surely the 20s are for experimenting, but not just with philosophies(人生观) and vacations and substances(物质). The 20s are your best chance to experiment with jobs and relationships. Then each move can be more intentional and more informed than the last.31. Once you make a decision in your 20s, it will _.A. be the best partB. be the worst partC. change your whole lifeD. affect your future life【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句every decision you make can change the rest of your life.你20多岁做出的决定影响你的未来生活，故选D。32. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean?A. DecisiveB. DescribingC. Explaining D. changeable【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据从后句 most important moments推出Decisive决定性的，故选A。33. What is the most changeable during the 20s according to the passage?A. Career B. MarriageC. CharacterD. Philosophies【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。从第二段第五句：Personality can change more during our 20s than at any other decade in life可知答案。在20多岁的时的性格比人生中的任何时候都容易改变，故选C。34. According to Paragraph 3, one reason why Dr. Meg Jay stresses the importance of 20s is that _.A. it is a milestoneB. it tracks their progress C. it leads to self-reflectionD. it achieves their future goals【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。从第三句 cause self-reflection与之同义。引起自我反思，故选C。35. What is the passage mainly about?A. The 20s are of importance, and how to make use of them. B. The 20s can change the rest of your life.C. The 20s are milestones to reach their future goals.D. The 20s are the best chance to experiment.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。答案重点在第一段可找到，但各段都按这个中心展开。20多岁是非常重要的，应如何充分利用它，故选A。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省增城市调研试题】Nowadays, there is a heated debate on whether pollutants should be cleaned in the air. Cleaning up the air, while good for our lungs, could make global warming worse. And the pollutants still go up around the air, along with carbon dioxide.These pollutants are called aerosols (气溶粒) and they include soot as well as mixtures of nitrogen(氮) and sulfur(硫) and other stuff into the air. Natalie Mahowald, a climate researcher at Cornell University, says so far, scientists have mostly tried to understand what those aerosols do while theyre actually in the air.There are so many different kinds of aerosols, she says. Some warm and some cool. But in fact, humans are giving out a lot of extra aerosols, and they tend to cool for the most part.The aerosols reflect sunlight back into space, or keep us cool. But it turns out thats not all they do. These aerosols also influence how much carbon dioxide gets drawn out of the air by plants on land and in the sea.They can add nutrients, for example, to the oceans or to the land, Mahowald says. But also while theyre in the atmosphere they can change the climate, and thus that also can influence the amount of carbon, the land or the ocean can take up. So there are quite a few different ways that aerosols can act on each other.Mahowalds results suggest that reducing those pollutants could be an even bigger problem than realized, when you consider that aerosols help remove carbon dioxide from the air by encouraging plant growth. Hard numbers on this effect are highly uncertain at the moment, but this could turn out to be quite significant.And studying it is not easy because the effects arent well understood. For example, nitrogen can be a fertilizer (肥料), but it can stop plant growing when nitrogen comes out of the air in acid form. Right now it seems like were much more likely to clean up aerosol pollution, while increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. So scientists, unfortunately, may have a chance to see whether this experiment on our planet should continue or not.36. From Paragraph 2, we know that .A. scientists have been aware of how aerosols workB. Natalie Mahowald is an expert in climateC. cleaning up the air is so popularD. pollutants are under control so far【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句Natalie Mahowald的同位语a climate researcher at Cornell University可知Natalie Mahowald是一个气候专家，故选B。37. What is Natalie Mahowalds opinion on those aerosols?A. Aerosols can influence each other in various ways.B. All the aerosols will cool the earth.C. Aerosols can add nutrients to human beings. D. Any kind of aerosols will warm the earth.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第三段Some warm and some cool得知，BD选项错误, 与Some不符。从第五段的to the oceans，得知C也不对。由第五段最后一句aerosols can act on each other气溶粒可以以不同的方式相互影响，故选A。38. Why is it important for scientists to get accurate numbers according to the passage? A. Scientists have a chance to research them.B. They can bring scientists much more benefit.C. Scientists can protect the earth from being pollutedD. They can help scientists understand the effects better. 【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。从第六段最后一句和第七段开头句可推出D正确。其他选项与题目没有直接的因果关系。它们能帮科学家更好地理解影响，故选D。39. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A. Scientists will be in a dilemma.B. The experiment will be successful.C. Scientists will carry out the experiment.D. Scientists have difficulty in the experiment. 【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。从第七段开头句和第八段最后一句should continue or not应不应该进行。说明研究的左右为难。故A最合适。而D选项属于事实题，不是暗示推理题。科学家左右为难，故选A。40. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. Pollutants in the Air.B. The Experiment on the PlanetC. The Reason for Global Warming D. The Influence of Aerosols 【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。全文以Aerosols为中心，说明它的影响。故D正确。其他选项要么范围太大要么太小，不够全面。气溶粒的影响，故选D。
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