高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解暑假演练（一）1

广西兴安县2017高考英语一轮（暑假）阅读理解演练（一）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity，” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. Ive never watched her show, but when a selfmade billionaire gives life advice, its probably worth listening to. Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If youre a Chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck. A book written by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. Its not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune；its practical advice you can follow each day. Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he separated volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper，” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. Its easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky”， in fact, keep an open mind and dont go through the same routine every day. I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners，my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, Ive had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. Ive also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wisemans studies I think not. As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but its important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem. Finally, try to turn bad luck into good.Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English. 1. Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writers point? AMake the best of a bad job.BRome was not built in a day. CAll that glitters is not gold.DA good heart conquers ill fortune. 2. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey? AShe became famous through her family background.BShe was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life. CShe is a British talk show host. DShe became successful by her own effort. 3. The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show_. A. luck is in your own handBbad luck can turn into goodCyou should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to youDman can conquer nature4. The underlined word “spot” is the closest in meaning to“_”. Arecognize BmarkClocate Dreceive解题导语本文为议论文。作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。1. 解析：选A。 推理判断题。Make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)”最为接近。故答案为A。Rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成”；All that glitters is not gold意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；A good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运”。2. 解析：选D。 细节理解题。根据第一段中的a selfmade billionaire可知美国talk show主持人Oprah Winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成功的。3解析：选C。 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。4解析：选A。 词义猜测题。根据上文语境及The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. 可知spot在句中用作及物动词，是“发现，识别”之意。2016高考训练题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。As temperatures go up, bison（北美野牛）get smaller. Joseph Craine, research assistant professor in the Division of Biology at Kansas State University, examined how climate change during the next 50 years will affect grazing（放牧）animals such as bison and cattle in the Great Plains. “Bison are one of our most important conservation animals and hold a unique role in grasslands in North America,” Craine said. “In addition to their cultural and ecological significance, theyre economically important. There are about half a million bison in the world.” Craine analyzed a data set of 290,000 weights, ages and sexes collected from 22 bison herds（兽群）throughout the U. S. The organizations kept annual records of each animal in the herd and matched the data with the climates of the sites. Based on differences in sizes of bison across herds, Craine found that during the next 50 years, future generations of bison will be smaller in size and weigh less. Climate is likely to reduce the nutritional quality of grasses, causing the animals to grow more slowly. “We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Craine said. “We also know that warmer grasslands have grasses with less protein（蛋白质）, and we now know that warmer grasslands have smaller grazers. It all lines up to suggest that climate change will cause grasses to have less protein and cause grazers to gain less weight in the future.” Craine said the results of climate change in coming decades can already be seen by comparing bison in cooler, wetter places with those in warmer, drier places. For example, the average 7-year-old male bison in South Dakota weighed 1, 900 pounds, while an average 7- year-old male bison in Oklahoma a warmer place weighed 1, 300 pounds. “The difference in temperature between those two states is around 20 degrees Fahrenheit, which is about three times the projected increase in temperatures over the next 75 years,” Craine said. “It is a clear indicator that long-term warming will affect bison and is something that will happen across the U.S. over the next 50-75 years.”1.Inthenextfiftyyears,researchersSay,bisonwill_.A. become smaller and lighter B.disappearintheGreatPlainsC. play a less important part D.adapttodifferentclimatechanges2.Theunderlinedword“grazers”probablyrefersto_.A. the researchers B. the grassesC.thebison D.theprotein3.Whatisthemainreasonforthebisontobecomesmaller?A. The deceasing amount of grass. B.Therisingtemperature.C. The rising number of bison. D.Thelossofweight.4.Paragraph5iswrittenasanexampletoshow_.A.Crainespredictionwillcometruein50yearsB.bisonaresmallerthaninthepastC.thenaturebalanceisbeingdestroyedD.bisonssizeislinkedwithdifferentclimate参考答案14、ACBD 【2015高考复习】阅读理解In 2006，Paul Letourneau of Worcester，Mass，lost his parents，his home and his pet dog.And that August，his lifelong mild depression took a turn for the worse as he became suicidal(有自杀倾向的)“I said I didnt want to be alive anymore，”Letourneau,67，recalled telling his best friend.He and his friend had gone for a walk when Letourneau stopped and asked his friend about ways to die painlessly.His friend advised him to admit himself to a hospital.“When I went back home，physically，I was shaking so muchand emotionally，I couldnt stop，”Letourneau said，“I knew I had to get help.”For many men，it takes a lot more than feeling down to recognize that they are depressed and then step through the doors of a hospital，or a friends or relatives home to ask for help.Men who are depressed usually refuse to get appropriate treatment，depression experts and patients say.“When men get depressed，the depression can be quite severe，”said Dr.lan Cook，professor of psychiatry at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.“The challenge is getting men to acknowledge that theyre depressed.”Depression affects about 15 million people in the United States，according to the National Institutes of Mental Health，and men get depressed about half as often as women.“Its unclear how much of this is a reporting bias，”Cook said.“The stigma(耻辱)issues are somewhat different for men than they are for women.”“Men intend to consider that asking for help is a sign of weakness，but when they cant complete the task of bringing themselves to the Promised Land，they become at risk.” said Steven Lappen，who was once a depression patient.【语篇导读】在美国，大部分男性抑郁症患者由于种种原因不愿让人知道他们的病情，因而不愿求助于他人，甚至不找医生治疗。等他们发现自己无能为力的时候已经晚了。20Which of the following about Paul Letourneau is TRUE?AHe got sick with mild depression in 2006.BHe made a very painful choice before he decided to go to the hospital.CHe became suicidal because his depression was too hard to cure.DHe didnt commit suicide because his friend didnt tell him a painless way.答案B细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，Letourneau在做出去看医生的决定时，身心都遭受着痛苦。21What does the author mainly want to tell us through Paragraph 5?AIt takes men patients a lot of money to treat their disease.BMany men patients recognize their disease but refuse to see a doctor.CMen patients would rather get help from doctors than friends or relatives.DMany men patients feel down and refuse to let others know about their disease.答案D段落大意题。本段主要是说很多男性抑郁症患者不但会感到消沉，而且他们不愿承认自己患了抑郁症，也不愿意求助医生和朋友。22How many women are suffering from depression in the US.according to the passage?AAbout 5 million. BAbout 7.5 million.CAbout 10 million. DAbout 15 million.答案C细节理解题。由第七段内容可知，在美国受抑郁症影响的人有大约一千五百万，而男性患者是女性患者的一半，由此可知患有抑郁症的妇女大约为一千万。23The underlined phrase“Promised Land”in the last paragraph refers to_.Aa state of being mentally healthBa place filled with sufferingsCa place of interestDa state of death答案A指代关系题。由最后一段内容可知，男人会把寻求帮助看成是软弱的表现，但是假如他们在不求人的情况下不能摆脱抑郁症的困扰而恢复健康的话，那就危险了。由此可知答案。24It can be inferred from the passage that_.Areports about men with depression are usually falseBmen are more likely to become depressed than womenCmost people with depression have lost their relativesDthe actual number of men with depression is larger than reported答案D推理判断题。由第五段和最后一段可知，很多男性抑郁症患者都羞于让人知道他们患病；再根据倒数二、三段可推知，报告中统计的男女抑郁症患者的数字是有偏差的，男性患者的实际数字会高于报告中的数字。【2015高考复习】阅读理解Looking at Chinas history over the past 60 years，it is apparent that，despite much suffering，the country has achieved huge political，economic and social success，especially during the past three decades.The press center for the celebration of the 60th founding anniversary of new China was officially opened on the morning of September 22. Zha Shouchen，deputy director of the press center introduced that，during the National Day，there would be 3,200 domestic reporters，and more than 1,300 foreign journalists to come to Beijing to make the covering work.The press center provided many services for domestic and foreign reporters，such as issuing the press cards to reporters，accepting the interview application，organizing press conferences and activities of group interviews，providing the means of communication and information services for reporters.And the following was the scene.A grand parade in Beijing on Oct.1，led by the Peoples Liberation Army and the Peoples Armed Police Force，showed some of Chinas latest achievements in defense modernization.About 8,000 military officers，along with tanks and other vehicles，formed a straight line stretching 3 kms.The military parade was followed by a civilian parade featuring six massive performing groups and 36 formations of about 100,000 people.In addition,60 floats(彩车)represented everything from the countrys geographic areas to the previous years Beijing Olympics.Everyday life in China is a parade on a grand scale，with citizens now being able to enjoy things their ancestors did not dare to contemplate 100 years ago，things their grandparents took for luxury 60 years ago，and things their parents did not even know how to attempt 30 years ago.【语篇解读】 本文简要介绍了中华人民共和国60周年国庆的庆祝活动以及60年来中国的巨变。16Of the following achievements，which one is NOT listed in Paragraph 1?APolitics. BEconomy. CEducation. DSociety.答案C细节理解题。由文章第一段可以推知我们国家在过去的30多年中，政治、经济和社会地位方面已经取得了很大的成功。只有C项“教育”文中并未提及。故答案为C。17Which of the following led the parade according to Paragraph 4?AThe Peoples Liberation Army.BThe Peoples Liberation Army and the Peoples Armed Police Force.CThe Peoples Police Force and the Peoples Army.DThe Peoples Armed Police Force.答案B细节理解题。由文章第四段首句可知B项是符合题意的。故答案为B。18Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?AThe civilian parade is after the military parade.BThere are 60 floats representing everything from the countrys geographic areas.CEveryday life in China is a parade on a grand scale.DThe parade on Oct.1 showed some of Chinas latest achievements in automotive modernization，such as tanks and other vehicles.答案D推理判断题。D项由文章第四段中“.showed some of Chinas latest achievements in defense modernization.”可知仪式上展示的是我国国防现代化方面的最新成果，而D项中automotive modernization与文意表述不符，故说法错误。19Whats the subject discussed in the text?AThe celebration of 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.BThe grand parade in the ceremony.CThe defense modernization in China.DThe economic development during recent years.答案A主旨大意题。由文章题目再结合文章大意可知A项是最具概括性的表述，体现了文章主旨。B项和C项均为仪式的表现形式，而非主旨；D项文章中未提及。故答案为A。【2015高考复习】阅读理解Sons who have fond childhood memories of their fathers are more likely to be emotionally stable in the face of daytoday stresses，according to psychologists who studied hundreds of adults of all ages.“As our study shows，fathers do play a unique and important role in the mental health of their children much later in life，”Psychology professor Melanie Mallers of California State University said.For this study,912 adult men and women between the ages of 25 and 74 completed short daily telephone interviews about that days experiences over an eightday period.The interviews focused on the participants psychological and emotional distress (i.e.，whether they were nervous，sad，etc.) and if they had experienced any stressful events that day.The participants were also required to answer questions such as，“How would you rate your relationship with your mother during the years when you were growing up？”and “How much time and attention did your mother give you when you needed it？”The same questions were asked about fathers.People who reported they had a good motherchild relationship reported three percent less psychological distress compared to those who reported a poor relationship，according to Mallers.Men who reported having a good relationship with their father during childhood were more likely to be less emotional when reacting to stressful events in their current daily lives than those who had a poor relationship，according to her findings.Also，the quality of mother and father relationships was significantly associated with how many stressful events the participants faced on a daily basis.In other words，if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents，they reported more stressful incidents over the eightday study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.Mallers theorized why healthy or unhealthy relationships may have an effect on how people handle stress as adults，“Perhaps having caring parents equips children with the experiences and skills necessary to more successfully navigate their relationships with other people throughout childhood and into adulthood.”she said.【语篇导读】最新研究发现，孩提时的父母与子女的关系会影响孩子成人以后的处理压力的能力。36What can we know about the recent study from the passage?AIt was led by Melanie Mallers.B912 adults who were over twentyfive joined in it.CIt lasted as long as eight days.DIt was funded just by California State University.答案C细节理解题。从文中第三段第一句可知该研究进行了8天，故选C项。根据第三段第一句可知，B项不对；A、D两项在文中没有信息支持。37Which of the following may the participants be asked about in telephone interviews?ATheir physical condition.BTheir parenting skills.CTheir emotional distress and stressful events.DTheir childhood relationships with teachers.答案C细节理解题。结合第三段最后一句和第四段的内容可知，被调查人员有可能被问到他们的感情困扰和有压力的事情。故选C项。38Which of the following statements is TRUE?AMany people with good parentchild relationships still cant keep emotionally stable in stressful incidents.BMen with a good motherchild relationship were more likely to be emotionally stable when reacting to stressful events.CWomen were better at getting along with their parents than men when they were young.DPeople with good childhood relationships with parents suffered less stressful incidents.答案D细节理解题。根据第七段“In other words，if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents，they reported more stressful incidents over the eightday study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.”可判断选D。39What can be concluded from the findings of the study?AChildhood memories of parents have a lasting effect on ones ability to handle stress.BAdults with good childhood relationships with parents will live happily and successfully.CThe motherchild relationship is more important than the fatherchild relationship.DThe quality of parentchild relationships determines how people handle stress as adults.答案A推理判断题。从文章第一段和接下来对研究内容和研究结论的描述可知，孩提时与父母间的相关记忆可以影响一个人处理压力的能力。D项错在determines的说法过于绝对。