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Unit 5 The power of nature Section Grammar 夯实基础知识. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1. _(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, youll regret it sooner or later.答案：Basing考查非谓语作状语。主语you与base之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用basing。句意：凭借情感而不是理智做重要决定，你迟早会后悔的。2. _(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.答案：Having been asked考查非谓语动词。ask与句子主语I之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用被动，又被要求工作发生在错过电影之前，故用分词的完成被动式。句意：那天晚上我因被要求加班而错过了一场好看的电影。3. He got up late and hurried to his office, _(leave) the breakfast untouched.答案：leaving考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：他起晚了，匆忙赶到办公室，早饭根本没动。4. _(stand) in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.答案：Standing考查现在分词作伴随状语。stand与句子主语we之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动。句意：我们排了很长的队等待商店开门，就是为了买到一个“全新的iPad”。5. More highways have been built in China, _(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.答案：making考查现在分词作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。句意：中国又建了很多公路，这使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行变得更加容易了。6. Do you wake up every morning_(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?答案：feeling考查现在分词作伴随状语，与句子主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：你每天早上醒来的时候会感到精力充沛并准备开始新的一天吗？7. _(approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.答案：Approaching考查现在分词作时间状语，与句子主语we之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：当我们接近市中心时，我们看到了一座大约10米高的石雕。8. Dina, _(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.答案：having struggled考查现在分词的完成时作状语。struggle的动作发生在finally took的动作之前发生。句意：几个月以来，Dina一直努力找一份服务员的工作，最终她在当地一家广告公司谋得了一个职位。9. _(tell) many times, he finally understood it.答案：Having been told考查现在分词作状语。tell与句子主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用分词的被动式。句意：他被告知了好多次，最后他终于懂了。10. _(fail) to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.答案：Having failed考查现在分词作原因状语。句子主语we与fail之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。Having failed表示的动作先于sent an email发生。句意：因为没打通他们的电话，我们只好给他们发了一封电子邮件。. 完成句子1. Tony lent me the money, _Id do_for him. (hope)托尼借钱给我，希望我为他做些事。答案：hoping that; as much2. The party will be held in the garden, _.(permit)如果天气允许，派对将会在花园里举行。答案：weather permitting/if weather permits3. Its still_， so the manufacturer will repair it. (guarantee)保证书还有效，所以厂家会给修理的。答案：under guarantee4. Many reporters hurried to the airport, _ that the superstar had already.记者们匆忙赶到机场，结果却被告知说那个超级明星已经离开了。答案：only to be told5. _， I found the house below looked like tiny toys. (stand)当我站在山顶时，我觉得下面的房子就像小玩具一样。答案：Standing on the top of the mountain. 单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)1. The train_(go), we had to wait another day.答案：having gone考查独立主格结构作原因状语。having gone的动作先于had to wait动作。句意：因为火车已离开，我们只好再等一天。2. He sent me an email, _(hope) to get further information.答案：hoping考查现在分词作伴随状语。hope和句子主语he之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：他给我发了一封电子邮件，希望得到进一步的信息。3. 2014北京高二检测_(save) a little money from her pocket money, Alice was able to buy her mother a lovely scarf.答案：Having saved考查非谓语动词。句意：从零用钱里面节省了一些钱，爱丽丝能给她妈妈买一条漂亮的围巾。save与Alice构成主动关系，且省钱是在买围巾前，故用现在分词的完成时。4. 2014合肥高二检测He stood there, his hands raised, his eyes_(look) straight up.答案：looking考查独立主格结构作伴随状语。eyes与look构成主动关系，用现在分词。句意：他站在那里，举着手，眼睛直盯上方。5. _(judge) from media reports, the result has been unclear.答案：Judgingjudging from表示“从来看”在句中作状语。句意：从媒体报导来看，这个结果一直不清晰。6. _(not receive) her email, I wrote her another one, telling her what I wanted her to do.答案：Not having received考查现在分词完成式作原因状语，not作为副词，需放在分词的最前面。句意：因为没有收到她的电子邮件，我又写了一封告诉她我想让她做的事。7. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made_(work) in the restaurant.答案：workingwork与其逻辑主语she之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词短语作时间状语。句意：露西的新工作的报酬是她在饭店工作时的两倍。8. 2014福州高二检测Furniture giant IKEA opened its first store in Sofia on Tuesday, _(eye) a 10% market share in its first year of operation.答案：eyeing考查非谓语动词。句意：家具巨头IKEA周二在Sofia开了第一家店，目标是在第一年占据市场10%的份额。eye与句子的主语IKEA构成主动关系，此处为伴随状语，故用eyeing。9. 2013课标全国卷 I got to the office earlier that day, _(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.答案：having caught句意：那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早，因为我赶上了7：30从Paddington来的火车。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。I与非谓语动词之间是主动关系。having caught是现在分词的完成式表示该动作先于句子谓语动词的动作发生。 10. 2013北京高考_(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.答案：Finding句意：发现这门课程非常难，她决定转到水平低一点的(课程)。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。find与句子主语she之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用finding作原因状语。提升实战能力. 阅读理解Food combining refers to a good way of choosing and eating food which is based on nutrition. A food combining diet does not allow people to mix food rich in protein with food rich in carbohydrate. If you can learn to combine foods in the correct manner, your digestive system will improve, as well as your energy levels.People who support combining foods believe that incorrectly combined meals may lead to food that cannot be digested in our stomach. This is believed to result in some diseases. The key to the food combining diet for us is to know what foods are best together and what foods should be avoided placing together during meals. In a food combining diet, fruit should be eaten alone and 20 to 30 minutes need to pass before another meal can be consumed so the fruit has time to pass through the body. Some experts believe that foods rich in carbohydrate and citrus (柑橘类的) fruit should not be combined because the chemicals in our stomach that digests carbohydrates can only function in an alkaline (碱) space. Similarly， carbohydrates and proteins should be kept away from one another since they can affect the digestion of the other. Protein and starches (淀粉) are eaten during separate meals in a food combining diet. For example, meat and bread would not be eaten together during a single meal. In addition， the protein or starch that is consumed during a meal would be combined with a vegetable, and fruits would always be eaten separately. This diet is 70% fruits and vegetables and 30% starches like rice. Dairy products are not included in the food combining diet. Because this diet is mainly made up of fruit and vegetables, it is usually lower in calories. Rapid weight loss usually has something to do with food combining. Some nutritionists worry that this diet doesnt have enough important nutrients like Vitamin D and protein. However, others say that if the diet is followed properly, this is not a problem.本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是饮食中哪些食物可以结合在一起吃，哪些食物必须分开来吃。1. From the first paragraph we can learn that_. A. food plays an important role in our digestive system B. a diet should contain nothing but proteinrich food C. foods should be combined correctly on nutrition D. people should eat food that offers more energy答案：C考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容可知，食物应该根据营养正确地搭配。所以答案选C项。2. Which of the following combining diets is right according to the passage? A. Eating protein together with a vegetable. B. Eating fruits together with protein. C. Eating carbohydrates and protein together. D. Eating carbohydraterich foods and citrus fruit.答案：A考查细节理解。根据第四段的“the protein or starch that is consumed during a meal would be combined with a vegetable”可知，含蛋白质或者淀粉比较多的食物应该跟蔬菜结合起来吃，所以答案选A项。3. The third and fourth paragraphs mainly tell us _.A. some examples of combined foodB. some examples of unreasonably combined food C. the concept of the food combining diet D. foods that can be eaten together or separately答案：D考查段意理解。第三段和第四段主要讲的是可以一起吃或者应该分开来吃的食物，所以答案选D项。4. The food combining diet includes the following items except _. A. fruits B. cheese C. vegetables D. bread答案：B考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Dairy products are not included in the food combining diet.”可知，这里讲的食物搭配并不包括乳制品，所以答案选B项。5. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?A. This diet is lower in calories.B. This diet should be followed properly.C. This diet doesnt have enough important nutrients.D. This diet doesnt benefit those who want to lose weight.答案：C考查代词指代。从最后一段的“Some nutritionists worry that this diet doesnt have enough important nutrients like Vitamin D and protein.”可知，this指的是this diet doesnt have enough important nutrients，所以答案选C项。. 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 What is the tallest mountain on earth? _1_ But there is something 304 meters taller than Mount Everest. However, it is mainly underwater. It begins at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, and rises more than 17 kilometers from the ocean floor. Its name is Mauna Loa, which means “Long Mountain” in the Hawaiian language. Mauna Loa is more than half of the island of Hawaii, the largest of the Hawaiian Islands._2_It has produced liquid rock called lava (熔岩) more than thirty times since records were first kept in 1843. Today, Mauna Loa is quiet. It is not producing lava. However, volcano experts say it is only a matter of time before this happens once again._3_There are four others. Three of them are no longer active. One of them is still active. It is named Kilauea. It has produced lava more than fifty times in the last 100 years.At this moment, red hot lava is pouring out of Kilauea. _4_ Sometimes the lava moves slowly. At other times it pours out very fast as huge amounts of pressure force it from the volcano. During these times, it moves almost as quickly as water moving down the side of a mountain. When the lava from Kilauea reaches the ocean, its fierce heat produces great amounts of steam that rise into the air. The lava is so hot that it continues to burn underwater for some time. The lava from Kilauea continues to add land to the island as the volcanoes of Hawaii have always done. _5_A. It has been doing this since 1983.B. It is no longer considered to be active.C. You will say the answer is Mount Everest.D. It is these volcanoes that formed the islands of Hawaii.E. Mauna Loa is not the only volcano on the island of Hawaii.F. Mauna Loa is also the largest and most active volcano on earth.G. Experts say the volcanoes are a serious threat to many parts of the island.本文是说明文。文章介绍了夏威夷地区海底山脉的形成。1. C提到世界上最高的山脉，我们通常想到的是珠穆朗玛峰，由后一句的Mount Everest可知，故选C。2. F本段继续介绍Mauna Loa，接下来介绍的是熔岩的喷发，文中提到“Today，Mauna Loa is quiet.”以及后句提到的可知此处应选F。3. E由后两句“There are four others. Three of them are no longer active.”可知，本段转而介绍岛上的其他火山，故选E。4. A根据上下句的主语red hot lava和the lava可知，本段介绍的是熔岩的情况，从话题上，A和B合适。但B中的no longer active与本段内容矛盾，可排除。故选A。5. D本段侧重介绍火山喷发产生的熔岩对于夏威夷形成的作用，故选D。. 语法填空 Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely _1_ cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green is a color _2_ represents the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. During the Spring Festival in China, children _3_ (give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect _4_ (they) against evils (灾祸) Peoples choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them. Green is said to be _5_ most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally _6_ physically. People working in green environment _7_ (find) to have fewer stomachaches. Red can cause a persons blood pressure to rise and _8_ (increase) peoples appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. _9_ (similar), many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a persons eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue is believed to cause people to lose _10_. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7._8. _9. _10. _为什么粉色和紫色是女孩喜欢的颜色，蓝色和棕色是男孩喜欢的颜色呢？那我们一起来看一看吧！ 1. on考查介词。depend on是固定搭配，意为“取决于”。2. that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词是color，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用that或which。3. are given考查被动语态。主语children是动作实施的对象，所以用被动语态。4. themselves考查反身代词。此处指代主语Greek people，作protect的宾语，所以用反身代词。5. the考查冠词。the用在形容词的最高级前。6. and考查连词。mentally和physically并列，而且both.and是固定结构，所以用and。7. have been found考查时态。根据句意，此处是表明一种研究结果，所以用现在完成时。people working in green environment是被研究的对象，所以用被动语态。8. increase考查省略。与cause并列，所以用increase。9. Similarly考查词性转换。副词修饰整个句子。10. appetite考查名词。由下文内容可知此处填 appetite。lose appetite意为“食欲不振”。
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