贵阳专版2017中考英语命题研究第二部分语法专题突破篇专题九非谓语动词精讲试题

专题九非谓语动词贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语考查点年份题号选项设置分值疑问词不定式201343how to do/when to do/what_to_do1分作宾语(固定搭配)201435visiting/to_visit/visited1分表目的201244to_finish/finished/finishing1分作宾补(固定搭配)201635climbed/chimbing/to climb1分201587studyto study1分201395drinkto drink1分201290get/to getto get 1分贵阳中考单项选择题和词汇应用对非谓语动词的考查只考动词不定式，如：不定式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等。同时，也涉及到了不定式固定句型和用法的考查，如：固定搭配forget to do sth.，decide to do sth.，would like sb.to do sth.(想让某人做某事)；疑问词不定式when to start(何时开始)。设题形式以单句为主，词数为1014。预测2017年贵阳中考的单项选择仍会出一道题考查不定式，考查表目的和作宾补的可能性很大。贵阳中考重难点突破【满分点拨】1非谓语动词的定义及句法功能(1)非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。(2)非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语等成分，即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。如：To see is to believe.(作主语和表语)眼见为实。The boy likes walking to school.(作宾语)那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。Dont keep us waiting for a long time.(作补语)不要让我们等得太久。(3)非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词按照其用法分为：动词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词。按照其形式分为：to do、v.ing、v.ed。2动词不定式的用法动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。(1)作主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置。常用句型：Itsadj.(for/of)sb.to do sth.。如：Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，给我们照相。(2)作表语。可放在be动词之后作表语。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。(3)作宾语。常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide“决定”，expect“期望”，forget“忘记”，hope“希望”，pretend“假装”，try“尽力”。如：Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation？你决定今年暑假去香港旅行吗？(4)作宾语补足语。常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask“要求”，tell“告诉”，want“想要”，teach“教”，wish“希望”，help“帮助”，warn“警告”，invite“邀请”，encourage“鼓励”等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。(5)作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。如：I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。(6)作状语。主要作目的状语，也可作结果状语和原因状语。如：They will go to the station to meet the guests.他们将去车站会见客人。(目的状语)Paul is too excited to say anything.保罗激动得说不出话来了。(结果状语)I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.听说你妈妈生病了我很难过。(原因状语)注意：在使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel等词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。如：I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。3常见只能跟不定式的动词tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事wish to do sth.希望做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事4动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别(1)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：stop doing sth.停止正在做的事stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做过某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义)need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)(2)感官动词后接不定式或现在分词感官动词后既可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词；接不定式时指“(看到、听到、见到)全过程”，接现在分词时指“瞬间动作”。如：I heard the girl singing in the next room.我听到那个女孩正在隔壁房间里唱歌。I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间里唱歌。5动词不定式的特殊句型(1)tooto表示“太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小不能照顾自己。(2)enough to表示“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。(3)Why dont you 不带to的不定式？Why not不带to的不定式？如Why dont you get her a photo album？Why not get her a photo album？为什么不给她买个相册呢？(4)had better(not)不带to的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。(5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她宁愿收到一份有意义的小礼物也不愿收到一大笔钱。【考点抢测】一、词语运用。discuss，stay，remember1He lost his key.It made him _stay_ in the cold air to wait for his wifes return.2Vocabulary is very important.Therefore，youd better try different ways _to_remember_ words and expressions.3Our teacher often asks us _to_discuss_ questions in groups.二、单项选择。(A)4._ up early is important for your health.ATo getBGetsCGot(C)5._ books in the sun is harmful for your eyesight.AReads BRead CTo read(C)6.When the child saw his uncle，he ran up _ hello to him.Asaid Bsays Cto say(B)7.He hurried back home _ his schoolbag.Afetched Bto fetch Cfetching(A)8.He is too fat.He has decided _ some exercise to keep healthy.Ato take Bnot to takeCtake(C)9.He promised _ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.Asee Bseeing Cto see(C)10.The little boy pretended _ when his mother came in.Asleeping BasleepCto be asleep(C)11.It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day.Aplay Bplaying Cto play(C)12.My sister Julia would rather _ newspapers than watch TV on Sundays.Areading Breads Cread(A)13.Tom，would you please _ the box？Its for your sister.Anot open Bdont openCnot to open(C)14.My teacher encouraged me _ more confident.Ais Bbe Cto be(C)15.My mother often tells me _ the teachers carefully in class.Alisten to Bto listenCto listen to(C)16.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her classmates _ dancing with her.Apractice BpracticingCto practice(C)17.Students should learn how _ problems.Asolving Bcan solveCto solve(C)18.Nobody could tell me where _ the book.Abuy Bcan buyCto buy(C)19.When I walked past the park，I saw some old people _ Chinese Taiji.Ado Bdid Cdoing(A)20.I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom.Alying Blay Clie(B)21.Our English teacher often says to us，“_ English well is very important.”ALearn BLearning CLearned(A)22.Im sleepy.I prefer _ at home to going out for a walk.Asleeping Bto sleepCslept(A)23.Many young people took part in _ trees on Tree Planting Day.Aplanting BplantsCto plant5