浙江专版2017高考英语二轮复习专题6阅读七选五技法3依据全文或段落的“主题”线索讲练

技法3| 依据全文或段落的“主题”线索文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明，这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段，仔细阅读文章的首段和末段，就能快速抓住文章的主题，明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容，有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。1概括“论据”和“结论”，得出“论点”(2016西宁市重点中学联考) 38 They entertain us in our spare moments.Good novels，books on poetry and short stories，give us great enjoyment.At times we become so absorbed in our books that we forget even our important arrangements.Loneliness is no trouble for a reader.CWhen we are alone，books are our best friends.思路分析空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”。空格后面的三句话为论据，最后一句为结论，意为“对一位读者来说没有孤独感”，因此C项“当我们独自一人时，书是我们最好的朋友。”符合题意。2根据“论据”推导出“论点”考题回放(2015全国卷) 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.ALearn to really trust yourself.思路分析空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”，根据空格后的句子“相信自己会”可判定选A项意为“学会真的相信你自己”。3根据“相似度”原则确定主题文章中出现的主题句与七个选项中的某个选项在词汇和句式结构上会有一定的相似度，据此可快速找出正确选项。考题回放(2014全国卷)1Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already？17.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.2Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？18.Make three or four instead.It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3 19 This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.ATry new things.思路分析此空需要填一个主题句，它需要概括全段的内容，根据前面的两项内容可判定应为祈使句。结合空格后面的信息词surprise，experimentation，new ideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。4根据文中反复出现的“关键词”确定主题考题回放(2016全国甲卷)Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important.19.Its our experience of the garden that mattershow being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.GFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have思路分析由garden的反复出现可判定花园与主题有关。空格前说“花一些时间回忆你小时候的花园”，空格后说“然后走出去，制订计划，把你孩提时代的记忆变成你成年后的花园”。根据此语境可知答案为G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆”。A(2016太原市模拟)How to get along with your bossIn your career，you may have to report to a manager，the person you call boss. 1 Here are some tips to help you develop an effective relationship with your boss.The first step is to develop a positive relationship with your boss.Relationships are based on trust. 2 Keep timetable commitments(承诺)Never blindside your manager with surprises that you could have predicted or prevented.Keep him/her informed about your projects and interactions with the rest of the organization.Tell the boss when youve made an error or one of your reporting staff has made a mistake. 3 Lies or efforts to mislead always result in further stress for you as you worry about getting “caught”Communicate daily or weekly to build the relationship.Recognize that success at work is not all about you. 4 Identify your bosss areas of weakness or greatest challenges and ask what you can do to help.What are your bosss biggest worries? How can your contribution reduce these concerns? Understand your bosss goals and priorities.Place emphasis in your work to match her priorities.Think in terms of the overall success of your department and company，not just about your narrow world at work.5 Does he/she like frequent communication，autonomous(主动的) employees，requests in writing in advance of meeting，or informal conversation as you pass in the hallway? Your bosss preferences are important.The better you understand them，the better you will work with him/her.If you sometimes disagree and occasionally experience an emotional reaction，dont hold hatred.Dont make threats about leaving.Disagreement is fine.You need to come to terms with the fact that your boss has more authority and power than you do.A. Value your bosss time.BDo what you say youll do.CIdentify what he/she values in an employee.DCoverups dont contribute to an effective relationship.EPut your bosss needs at the center of your universe.FLearning how to read your bosss moods and reactions is also helpful.GThe relationship with your boss is important for your work success and career progress.本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些与老板友好相处的建议。1G下文提到，以下是一些有助于你与老板关系融洽的建议。G项意为“与老板之间的关系对于你工作上的成功和事业上的进步来说很重要”，讲述的是与老板建立好关系的重要性，与下文提出建议形成因果关系，符合语境。故选G。2B根据上文可知，关系应建立在信任的基础之上；根据下文可知，要遵守承诺。B项意为“做你说过要做的事”，与上下文衔接密切，符合语境。故选B。3D根据上文可知，如果你或你的汇报人员犯了错误，要告诉老板。D项意为“隐瞒不利于发展良好的关系”，与上文话题紧密相连，并照应下文对谎言的不利之处的进一步描述，符合语境。故选D。4E上文提到，要认识到工作上的成功并不仅仅局限于你自己；根据下文可知，确定你老板的弱点或最大挑战，看看自己能帮他做些什么。故E项“把老板的需要放在你的中心位置”，起过渡作用，照应上文“is not all about you”且与下文话题衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。5C此处为该段主题句，根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是，要弄清楚老板喜欢什么样的员工。C项意为“确定他/她看重员工的哪个方面”，体现了本段的中心，符合语境。故选C。【导学号：85602012】B(2016石家庄市教学质量检测)Everyone can benefit from making an effort to practice gratitude(感激) every day.The following three steps can help you start feeling more grateful，and appreciative of the good things in your life：Notice the Good Things in Your Life6 Pay attention to the small everyday details of your lifenature，people，community，shelter，creature comforts like a warm bed or a good meal.And then start a gratitude journal.Making a commitment to writing down good things each day makes it more likely that we will notice good things as they happen.Enjoy the Feeling of GratitudeThere are moments when you naturally，right then and there，feel filled with gratitude.These are moments when you say to yourself，“Oh，wow，this is amazing！” or “How great this is！” Pause. 7 Let it sink in.Enjoy your blessings the moment they happen.Express GratitudeExpressing gratitude is more than being polite. 8 Show your appreciation to someone who really did something nice.Say：“ It was really kind of you to.” “You did me a big favor when.” or “Thank you for being there when.” 9 Hold the door open for the person behind you，even if it means waiting a little longer than you normally would.True gratitude doesnt leave you feeling like you owe other people somethingafter all，if youve done someone a favor，you probably dont want the person to feel like you expect something back in return. 10 AIts about showing your heartfelt appreciation.BNotice and absorb that feeling of true gratitude.CYou can also express gratitude by doing a kindness.DIts all about feeling good and creating a cycle of good.EStart to notice and identify the things you are grateful for.FHelp someone without letting the person find out it was you.GIts amazing what you notice when you focus on feeling grateful.本文主要介绍了帮助人们感受生活中的美好事物的三个步骤。6E依据本段的标题“留心生活中美好的事情”可知，选E。开始留心并确定你要感恩的事情。7B由第三段的标题Enjoy the Feeling of Gratitude和空格前的举例可知，B项中的“that feeling of true gratitude”与之呼应。8A本段的标题是表达感恩，上文说明表达感恩不仅仅有礼貌，它表达你衷心的感谢。A项中的It指代上文的Expressing gratitude。9C由下文的“Hold the door open for the person behind you”可知，你也可以为他人做一个友好的举动来表达你的感恩。10D依据上文可知，你帮助他人时，不期待人家对你的回报，D项中的creating a cycle of good“创造一个善行的循环”符合语境。C(2016云南红河州检测)We spend so much time waiting to be loved，hoping love will find us，and looking for that special love.Unfortunately，thats not usually how life works.To be loved，you should love and respect yourself as much as you do others.In order to love someone，you should love yourself. Stop comparing yourself to others. 11 We all have different gifts.When you compare yourself to others for what they have，whether it is a car，a house，or a job，it makes you feel bad about yourself.Really be grateful about everything you have.Gratitude keeps your heart open to love.Practise receiving love.To truly love is to be able to receive it.When someone loves you，does some kind deeds to you，or says kind words，accept it. 12 Know that you are worthy of love.It is important to accept a gift of love by others.You give yourself a chance to learn more about yourself that you are lovable. 13 14 Write about your experiences，good and bad.When you write down good experiences，allow yourself to feel those feelings.When you remember bad experiences，allow yourself to feel selfcompassion.Compassion is not selfpity，but rather willingness to accept ones own pain and regret.Stop trying to be perfect.Stop blaming yourself for being less than perfect. 15 Just follow all the steps above and dont let anyones expectations of you put any pressure on you.A. Keep a diary.BAppreciate yourself.CDo not feel sorry about it.DAlways do your best，but not reaching perfection is not a failure.EAllow yourself to feel the love that has come your way.FYou give someone a joy of giving by loving you.GEveryone on the earth is unique.本文是一篇议论文，告诉我们想要被爱首先要学会爱自己，在爱自己的前提下去爱别人。11G根据后一句“我们都有不同的天赋”可知，这是因为世界上的每个人都是独一无二的。故选G项。12E根据前一句“当有人爱你时，对你做一些善意的举动或说些亲切的话时，你就接受吧”可知。要用自己的方式感受爱的存在。故选E项。13F根据前文“接受别人爱的赠予是重要的，从中你可以更好地了解自己是多么可爱”可知，你在接受爱你的人给予你爱的同时，爱你的人也会感到快乐。故选F项。14A根据后一句“经常写下你的体验，无论好的还是坏的”可知，作者建议你经常写日记。故选A项。15D根据前文内容可知，作者建议你不要刻意地去追求完美。故选D项。D(2016郑州市质量预测)Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in SchoolA new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school. 16 They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students chances of success in school.More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project. 17 It is said to be the first ever longterm study in Northern Ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams. 18 The study found that social media use did not affect school performance.Celine McStravick is the director of the National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland.She says the study showed no connection between social media and test results.“ 19 I think thats more because social media is part of every childs life.Its the way they communicate.Its the way they keep in touch with their friends.”Many parents say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games.Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction. 20 It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.AHowever，the study did not explore addiction.BThe new games are much different from older ones.CIt was clear that social media didnt have any effect.DIt took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.EThat compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.FDrug addiction does great harm to their health and performance at school.GBritains National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of the study.本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响青少年的学习成绩。16G上文提到，一份新的研究警告说，孩子玩电脑游戏的时间过长会影响他在学校的成绩。G项讲的是英国的一个机构对这项研究的结果进行了报告，承接上文话题，并与下句中的“They show”相照应。故选G。17D上文提到，有600多名年龄在14至16岁的青少年参与了这次研究。D项意为“这项研究从2013年开始，到2015年结束，持续了三年”，与上文话题紧密相连，且与下文中的“be the first ever longterm study”照应，符合语境。故选D。18E上文提到，在每天玩两次甚至更多次电脑游戏的学生中，只有41%的学生学习成绩过关。E项提到，很少玩游戏的学生成绩过关的比例达到了77%，与上文话题形成了对比关系，符合语境。故选E。19C上文提到，Celine McStravick认为这份研究表明，社交媒体和考试结果之间没有联系。空格处为Celine McStravick说的话。C项意为“很明显，社交媒体没有任何影响”，与上文话题照应，符合Celine McStravick的看法。故选C。20A上文提到，有些父母将玩电脑游戏比喻成毒瘾。A项意为“但是，这项研究并没有对上瘾展开研究”，与上文话题照应，且形成转折关系，符合语境。故选A。【导学号：85602013】8